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DOES TOURISM BENEFIT EVERYONE IN THE COMMUNITY?
Gofurova Vasila Odiljon qizi
Tashkent State University of Economics
ORCID: 0009-0001-7366-4751
Abstract.
Tourism can provide stability in an economy. Although recessions affect virtually
all industries, tourism historically has seen relatively minor declines in revenue during
recessionary times. Today, world tourism is one of the most profitable sectors of the economy. It
ensures high employment and socio-economic development indicators of the working population.
Because in countries where the hospitality industry is developing special attention is paid to the
effective use of labor resources. Tourism is a wide notion that can be understood in different ways.
For example, from Earth to Universe has a variety of tourism. Because tourism is the best option
to relax and escape everyday problems for people. Thus in today’s age most travelers top option
has become visiting suburbs and engaging in rural tourism activities. Because I think so people
are already get bored from big shopping malls, dining restaurants, urban cities, famous
monuments, buildings. Noise pollution bothers them at all. They need peaceful life, tranquil places,
fresh air, more oxygen. Rural tourism is the complex of all these activities. In this article I will
highlight some positive effects and opportunities together with it’s some drawbacks.
Keywords:
hospitality, economic cycles, revenue, employment, cultural heritages,
entrepreneurial activity, infrastructure, craftsmen.
TURIZM JAMIYATDAGI HAR BIR KISHIGA FOYDA KELTIRADIMI?
G‘ofurova Vasila Odiljon qizi
Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti
Annotatsiya.
Turizm iqtisodiyotda barqarorlikni ta'minlaydi. Garchi turg‘unliklar deyarli
barcha tarmoqlarga ta'sir ko‘rsatsa
-
da, turg‘unlik davrida turizm tarixan daromadning nisbatan
kichik pasayishini kuzatgan. Bugungi kunda jahon turizmi iqtisodiyotning eng daromadli
tarmoqlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Bu mehnatga layoqatli aholining yuqori bandligi va ijtimoiy-
iqtisodiy rivojlanish ko‘rsatkichlarini ta’minlaydi. Chunki mehmondo‘stlik sanoati
rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda mehnat resurslaridan samarali foydalanishga aloh
ida e’tibor
qaratilmoqda. Turizm
–
bu keng tushuncha bo‘lib, uni turli yo‘llar bilan tushunish mumkin.
Masalan, Yerdan Koinotga turizmning turli turlari mavjud. Chunki turizm odamlar uchun dam
olish va kundalik muammolardan qochishning eng yaxshi variantidir. Shunday qilib, bugungi
asrda ko‘pchilik sayohatchilarning eng yaxshi varianti shahar atrofiga tashrif buyurish va qishloq
turizmi faoliyati bilan shug‘ullanishga aylandi. Chunki odamlar katta savdo markazlari,
ovqatlanish restoranlari, shaharlar, mashhur obidalar, binolardan allaqachon zerikib qolishgan
deb o‘ylayman. Shovqinning ifloslanishi ularni umuman bezovta qiladi. Ularga tinch hayot, sokin
joylar, toza havo, ko‘proq kislorod kerak. Qishloq turizmi bu barcha tadbirlar majmuasidir. Ushbu
maqolada men ba'zi ijobiy ta'sirlar va imkoniyatlarni, shuningdek, ba'zi kamchiliklarni
ta'kidlayman.
Kalit so‘zlar:
mehmondo‘stlik, iqtisodiy sikllar, daromadlar, bandlik, madaniy meros,
tadbirkorlik faoliyati, infratuzilma, hunarmandlar.
UO
‘
K: 338.484.2
XI SON - NOYABR, 2024
121-125
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ПРИНОСИТ ЛИ ТУРИЗМ ПОЛЬЗУ ВСЕМ ЧЛЕНАМ СООБЩЕСТВА?
Гофурова Васила Одилжон кизи
Ташкентский государственный экономический университет
Аннотация.
Туризм может обеспечить стабильность в экономике. Хотя рецессии
затрагивают практически все отрасли, туризм исторически видел относительно
небольшое снижение доходов во время рецессий. Сегодня мировой туризм является одним
из самых прибыльных секторов экономики. Он обеспечивает высокие показатели
занятости и социально
-
экономического развития работающего населения. Потому что
в странах, где развивается индустрия гостеприимства, особое внимание уделяется
эффективному использованию трудовых ресурсов. Туризм —
это широкое понятие,
которое можно понимать по
-
разному. Например, от Земли до Вселенной есть
множество видов туризма. Потому что туризм —
это лучший вариант для людей
расслабиться и уйти от повседневных проблем. Таким образом, в сегодняшнюю эпоху
большинство путешественников предпочитают посещать пригороды и заниматься
сельским туризмом. Потому что я так думаю, что людям уже надоели большие
торговые центры, рестораны, города, известные памятники, здания. Шумовое
загрязнение вообще их беспокоит. Им нужна спокойная жизнь, тихие места, свежий
воздух, больше кислорода. Сельский туризм —
это комплекс всех этих видов
деятельности. В этой статье я выделю некоторые положительные эффекты и
возможности вместе с некоторыми его недостатками.
Ключевые слова:
гостеприимство, экономические циклы, доход, занятость,
культурное
наследие,
предпринимательская
деятельность,
инфраструктура,
ремесленники.
Introduction.
Tourism is a wide notion. In order to understand or explain it people should overthink
about it. Because it is closely depend on other sectors of the country. So that reason today
tourism is one of the most profitable sector in many countries. However, tourism can have both
positive and negative impacts on a community, and whether it benefits everyone depends on
various factors. In this thesis we will consider some opportunities and benefits of tourism
together with some detrimental effects that might affect to the country. At first we will consider
benefits of tourism which help to the overall development of the country.
This study addresses the following research questions:
What are the positive effects of the tourism and how does it affect?
What are the negative effects which can cause some detrimental results in the countries?
Literature review.
Benefits of tourism for the country.
Job creation in places where tourism is a significant industry, it can lead to the
development of jobs for locals. Jobs in hotels, restaurants, and other tourism-related businesses
as well as those in the transportation, retail, and other industries supporting tourism may be
included in this category. In local communities, the creation of new jobs can aid in lowering
poverty a
nd unemployment rates (Gómez López and Barrón Arreola, 2019)
Tourism can help a nation increase its export revenues since international tourists often
spend money on goods and services while they are abroad. This could enhance the trade
balance and strengthen the nation's economy as a whole. (Bal et al., 2016).
By lowering reliance on a single industry and increasing its resilience to economic
downturns, tourism can help diversify the local economy. This can contribute to ensuring the
local communities' long-term economic stability (Jurowski, 2008)
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Tourism can have both positive and negative effects. This paper explores how tourism
affects local communities on an economic, social, and cultural level and highlights the value of
incorporating these groups in the development and management of tourism (Dr. Zain UlAbiden
et al., 2013)
The commercialization of culture as local cultural activities and traditions are
transformed into tourist attractions and promoted to tourists, tourism can also result in the
commodification of culture. Since they are used for profit rather than being appreciated for
their cultural significance, this might result in the loss of authenticity and meaning of these
behaviors and traditions (Pietrobruno, 2009).
Research methodology.
This study employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative
case studies. Data were collected through different nation’s experiences. There is given some
tourists and local peoples opinion about pros and cons of the tourism. The surveys focused on
to find some weakness and strength of tourism in different touristic places. Data provided
insights into policy frameworks.
Analysis and discussion of results.
Economic Growth:
Tourism can stimulate local economies by creating jobs in hospitality,
transportation, and retail sectors. Increased visitor spending can boost local businesses.
Tourism can provide stability in an economy. Although recessions affect virtually all industries,
tourism historically has seen relatively minor declines in revenue during recessionary times.
Business travel remains relatively constant during changes in economic cycles; and even
though people may cut back on the amount they spend on travel during harder economic times,
citizens of most industrial nations have come to view vacationing as a necessity of life. However,
unlike many other industries, tourism provides a wide variety of job possibilities, such as:
1. Entry-level employment for relatively unskilled and semiskilled workers
2. Positions for highly skilled craftsmen, such as chefs and artists
3. Many professional-level career opportunities for well-educated decision makers
Moreover, tourism often provides the economic incentive to improve infrastructure that
can be enjoyed by residents as well as tourists. For example, state-of-the-art airports are built
by communities primarily to increase accessibility, thereby enticing more visitors and
increasing business activity; but the airport can also be used by locals to meet their travel needs.
Increased traffic from tourists often leads to the improvement of roads and highways to
facilitate easier access to attractions. The need for reliable water supply and waste management
increases with tourism, prompting upgrades to these essential services. In addition, by
developing tourism countries can earn high amount of tax. It is the greatest way to collect high
amount of tax. We can take other countries experiences.
Cultural Exchange. Tourism promotes cultural exchange, allowing locals to share their
traditions and learn from visitors, fostering a sense of pride in local heritage. Tourists often
engage with local communities, participating in traditional practices, festivals, and daily life,
leading to a deeper understanding of different cultures. Travelers may form friendships with
locals, sharing stories, traditions, and experiences that enrich both parties. They often seek local
cuisine, leading to the sharing of cooking techniques, recipes, and food traditions between
cultures. Many destinations offer tours that educate tourists about local history, customs, and
traditions, fostering appreciation and understanding. Interactions can lead to discussions about
social, economic, and environmental issues faced by different cultures, promoting a broader
understanding of global challenges. Tourists attending local festivals or events can experience
cultural traditions firsthand, fostering appreciation and respect for different customs. Tourism
can lead to the portrayal of local cultures in films, documentaries, and literature, promoting
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awareness and understanding across borders. Responsible tourism encourages respect for
local customs and practices, fostering a genuine exchange rather than exploitation.
Table 1.
Examples of tourism-related tax
Source:
Statistics and Census Service, Macao SAR Government. Available at:
Entrepreneurship Opportunities. Local entrepreneurs can benefit from the influence of
tourists by starting businesses catering to visitors, such as tours, restaurants, and shops.
Tourism provides plenty of chances for creative, motivated individuals to start their own
businesses. Small retail shops, restaurants, bed-and-breakfast homes, and guide and taxi
services are just a few of the many tourism-related small business opportunities. Tourism
creates a dynamic environment for entrepreneurship by fostering innovation and providing
diverse opportunities across various sectors. By tapping into the needs and preferences of
travelers, entrepreneurs can create successful businesses that enhance the tourism experience
while contributing to the local economy. Entrepreneurs can collaborate with other local
businesses (like hotels, restaurants, and attractions) to create package deals that enhance the
tourist experience.
But together with positive effects tourism has also some drawbacks. Below I will give
some examples for this.
Cost of Living. Increased demand for housing and services due to tourism can drive up
prices, making it difficult for locals to afford living in their own communities. The rise of
platforms like Airbnb can lead to property owners converting long-term rental units into short-
term vacation rentals, reducing the availability of affordable housing for locals. Increased
demand for housing from tourists and investors can drive up property prices and rents, making
it more expensive for residents to find affordable accommodation. In addition, as businesses
cater to tourists, they may raise prices on goods and services, leading to higher costs for locals.
It can lead an higher inflation rate within the country. This can affect everything from groceries
to dining out. An influx of tourists can strain local public services (like waste management,
emergency services, and healthcare), potentially leading to increased costs for residents. It may
bring some problems for local people. Poverty rate can increase. As an example, Shanghai
welcomes 94 airlines that connect with 256 cities. In addition, the city welcomes 608 cruise
ships each year in Shanghai harbor and witnessed the successful opening of the Disney theme
park. Welcoming over eight million domestic travelers each year, there is no question that
Shanghai has now developed into a powerful international tourism destination generating
enormous returns from the 11% value added tax (VAT) levied on overseas tourists
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.
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Overcrowding and Strain on Resources. A sudden influx of tourists can lead to
overcrowding, putting pressure on local resources such as water, waste management, and
public services. Overcrowding can negatively impact the enjoyment of the experience.
Newcomers or visitors to a society may cause problems owing to overcrowding or by bringing
unfamiliar behaviors. High volumes of tourists can lead to significant wear and tear on natural
landscapes, including trails, beaches, and parks. This can result in soil erosion, habitat
destruction, and pollution. Many destinations experience peak seasons where overcrowding
becomes particularly pronounced. This can lead to instability in local economies and
employment, as businesses may struggle during off-peak times.
number of tourists per square kilometer and population in each city in the world. They found
that 8 of the world’s most overcrowded tourist destinations for 2024 are
in Europe. And the
other 2 are in North America.
19
For these problems there some workable solutions to tackle. By this way countries can
apply or practice these solutions to achieve sustainable and green tourism. Other service
suppliers such as theme park operators and restaurants have begun to use demand pricing to
not only generate increased revenue, but also control demand and alleviate prob lems of
overcrowding. Another really important solution to address some environmental problems and
overcrowding is applying sustainable practices. Promote eco-friendly tourism initiatives that
prioritize environmental conservation and responsible travel behaviors. Encourage the use of
sustainable accommodations, such as eco-lodges or certified green hotels. To avoid
overcrowding in touristic attractions government should implement visitor caps or quotas for
popular attractions to limit the number of tourists at any given time. Use timed entry systems
or advance reservations to manage crowd flow and reduce congestion.
Conclusion and suggestions.
The most important step to achieve safe and well-planned tourism government should
educate tourists about responsible travel practices, including respecting local cultures,
minimizing waste, and protecting natural environments. They may use signage and
informational materials to raise awareness about the importance of preserving local
ecosystems and communities. Nevertheless, the destination remains a more crucial factor for
most travellers than the local climate (Kar et al., 2023). By implementing these solutions,
destinations can work toward a more balanced approach to tourism that benefits both visitors
and local communities while protecting the environment.
Reference:
Bal, H., Akça, E. E., & Bayraktar, M. (2016). The Contribution of Tourism to Economic
Growth: A
Research on the Turkey. Journal of Academic Approaches, 1
–
20.
Gómez López, C. S., & Barrón Arreola, K. S. (2019). Impacts of tourism and the generation of
employment in Mexico. Journal of Tourism Analysis, 26(2), 94
–
114.
Jurowski, C. (2008). Tourism and Crime: Key Themes.
Kar, A. K., Choudhary, S. K., & Ilavarasan, P. V. (2023). How can we improve tourism service
experiences: insights from multi-
stakeholders’ interaction.
Decision, 50(1),
Pietrobruno, S. (2009). Cultural Research and Intangible Heritage. Culture Unbound, 1(1), 227
–
247.
https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.09113227
Zain UlAbiden Malik, Saba Bukhri, Dr. Asghar Ullah Khan, Dr. Taraq Waheed, Syeda Iraj Hadid,
Sundas Malik, (2013). International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education.
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