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ISSN: 2181-2020
Volume 2 Issue 12 (2022): EJAR
Volume 2 Issue 12 (2022): EJAR
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF ENERGY SUPPLY AND
OPERATING MODES OF PUMPING STATIONS
U.J.Kuvatov
Doctor of philosophy of technical sciences, docent,
T.O.Doniyorov
Doctor of philosophy of technical sciences, docent,
Rakhimov Majid Orif o’g’li
Student, Karshi state technical university
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15241452
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Received: 12
nd
April 2025
Accepted: 17
th
April 2025
Online: 18
th
April 2025
,
The article presents the level of electrical energy supply of
pumping stations, their energy supply, operating modes of
pumping units, economic costs and other information.
KEYWORDS
Pump, pumping station,
pumping
unit,
water
consumption,
pressure,
power, energy consumed,
annual costs.
It is known that pumping stations are among the leading energy consumers in agriculture,
industry, and municipal services, which are important sectors of any country's economy. For
example, in the Russian Federation, more than 300 billion kWh of electricity is consumed
annually for pumping stations, which is more than 20% of the country's consumption [1].
According to the Ministry of Water Resources of Uzbekistan, more than 55% of the irrigated
areas in our Republic, i.e. 2.4 million hectares of arable land, are irrigated by pumping stations,
and 7.4 billion kWh (10.84% of the country's energy consumption) were consumed for this in
2020 [2]. In addition, a large amount of electricity is consumed by pumping stations in the
municipal system, according to the data presented in [3], this amount in Russia per year is
120...130 billion kWh, that is, 7.0...8.0% of total energy consumption. In the energy sector, the
amount of energy consumed by pumping stations for technical water supply at thermal power
plants (TPPs) is also quite large, for example, a 4000 MW TPP requires 135 m
3
/s of technical
water [4], taking into account the head value of 30...40 meters for technical water supply,
10.0...15.0 kW of pumping power is consumed for each 1 MW of power. If we calculate these
figures based on the current indicators of thermal power plants of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
then 3.0...4.0% of the total energy consumption is spent on technical water supply pumping
stations per year. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that all pumping stations operating
in the above-mentioned economic sectors of our Republic consume at least 16...18% of the total
electricity produced, which is 3.0...3.2 trillion soums at the current electricity tariff.
The above figures show that pumping stations are large energy-intensive facilities, and
any measures aimed at reducing energy costs are very important.
Due to high energy costs, the cost of water supplied to land areas using pumping stations
is more than 2 times the average cost of water in the Republic [5]. This situation in the use of
pumping stations requires paying sufficient attention to energy efficiency and operational
efficiency of equipment. Along with replacing outdated equipment in pumping stations with
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new, more economical equipment, one of the most important issues in the use of pumping
stations is the use of advanced, modern systems.
The work [5] emphasizes the need to improve energy efficiency and operational efficiency
in pumping stations in the following areas.
- replacing outdated, low-efficiency equipment with new equipment with better
performance;
- increasing the operational performance of equipment based on the reconstruction of the
pumping station;
- application of advanced, modern methods of technological process control at pumping
stations;
- application of highly effective technical solutions and methods to reduce electricity costs
at pumping stations.
To meet the demand for water, pumps of various brands are used. For irrigation of crops,
industrial, municipal and economic needs, mainly dynamic, vane-centrifugal and displacement
pumps are used. The range of application of displacement pumps is limited to only 27 meters
and since they cannot be sucked from water levels below, centrifugal pumps are mainly used in
the above-mentioned areas. The water delivery capacity of these pumps ranges from 1.5 l/s to
3600 l/s for horizontal-axis pumps and up to 25000 l/s for vertical-axis, spiral chamber pumps.
The displacement values allow pumping water up to a height of 110 meters [ 6 ] .
The operating mode of pumps varies depending on the flow rate and pressure of the
pumped water. Usually, the operating modes of pumps are evaluated by their operating
characteristics. An example of the operating characteristics of centrifugal pumps is shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump
This characteristic consists of curved graphs representing the dependence of the main
parameters of the pump - head
Н
, power
N
, useful coefficient of performance (FIC)
and
suction head
Н
с - on the values of the pump
efficiency
Q.
With the help of the characteristics, it is possible
to predict how the other parameters of the pump will change at all values of its water delivery
efficiency, which allows you to plan the pump operating mode. The selection of pumps based
on the requirements is also carried out on the basis of their characteristics.
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The above operating characteristic is obtained at constant values of the pump impeller
and shaft rotation speed. If these values change, all the graphs in the characteristic will also
change.
the pump pressure characteristic
H – Q intersects
the piping system characteristic
H
q
– Q
is called the operating point of the pump (Figure 1).
Pipeline system characteristic
H
q
– QH
q
= Н
G
+
h
q
is built on the basis of connection.
Therefore, according to this formula, the sum of the pressure loss values in the piping system
at all available values of pump efficiency is
h
q
must
be calculated and added to the constant
value of the pump geometric pressure (water pumping height)
Н
G.
But since this work has a
large volume,
h
q
It is more convenient
to determine the values of
h
q
= k
Q
2
using the formula
[7]. Where
k
is the constant resistance coefficient of the pipeline system. As can be seen from
the formula,
the H
q
– Q
graph is an increasing graph, since as the values of
Q
increase,
h
q
values also increase.
The optimal operating point of the pump is
the highest peak on the
Q graph, i.e.
corresponds to the maximum point of .
There are several ways to analytically express the pump pressure characteristic
H – Q , for
example, in [8] Н=Н
0
– К
Q
2
or it is proposed to express
H = А +В∙Q+С∙Q
2 by
the equations H=
H
0
–K
1
Q– K
2
Q
2
[7]
.
In this case , the coefficients
К, К
1
, К
2
, А, В, С in the equations
are constant
and are determined as a result of the analysis of the graphs of the pressure characteristics.
of the pump head based on the quadratic parabolic equation
H = Н
F
– С
F
∙Q
2
was proposed
in [1]. Here,
С
F
is the imaginary hydraulic resistance of the pump, determined as follows.
𝑆
𝐹
=
Н
1
−Н
2
𝑄
2
2
−𝑄
1
2
(1)
H
F
–
the pump's output when water consumption is zero or minimal is determined by the
following formula
H
F
= H
1
+ S
F
∙Q
1 2
(2)
S
F
The value is calculated based on the values of Н
1
, Н
2
and the corresponding values of
Q
1
, Q
2
obtained in the operating zone of the pump pressure characteristic .
However, the main drawback of these methods is the high level of error due to the fact
that the constant coefficients are often determined based on graphs of pressure characteristics,
which in most cases do not have a high level of accuracy.
Another analytical expression for the pump head is given in the form of the equation [9]
Н = А·n
2
+ B·n·Q – C·Q
2 , where
n
is the number of pump shaft revolutions, and the coefficients
А,
В, С
are determined by the system of flow velocities at the outlet of the impeller and based on
the coefficients of hydraulic resistance, which is much more accurate. However, the use of this
equation is quite difficult due to the fact that it is quite difficult to determine the coefficients of
hydraulic resistance in the impeller of the pump and does not give accurate results.
A new equation for determining the pressure value based on the geometric dimensions
and the number of shaft revolutions at the outlet of the pump impeller was proposed in [10] in
the form
Н = А
Q
n – B
Q
2.
This equation is free from the above-mentioned shortcomings, and
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a comparison of the results of the calculations performed with the measurement results shows
that it gives results with high accuracy.
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