ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
https://scientific-jl.org/obr
Выпуск журнала №-70
Часть–6_ июня –2025
397
2181-3187
RESTORATION OF ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF THE URBAN
ENVIRONMENT
Nurmuradova Yulduz
Samarkand State University of Architecture and Construction, Faculty of Cultural
Heritage Protection, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
Annotation:
The main disadvantages in the formation of architectural forms
and visual communication systems in a modern city are considered. The principles of
design and reconstruction of small architectural forms are proposed, their typology,
examples are considered, and the main directions of optimization of the visual
communications system of the city are given. Special attention is paid to the design
and reconstruction of small architectural forms and elements of visual communication
of urban parks, squares, squares, embankments, boulevards, their style and image
specifics, depending on the size and functional purpose of urban landscape objects.
Key words:
Recreational equipment, landscape, stylistic unity, monumental
and decorative art, environmental approach, environmental design.
Elements of visual communication and small architectural forms decorate and
significantly diversify the urban environment, decorate both open and closed landscape
spaces. They are placed in various exteriors and interiors, are diverse in terms of
functional purpose and spatial characteristics. As objects of vari-ble and standard
design, they provide a variety of solutions and reveal the most vivid architectural
appearance of the urban environment, emphasising its individuality.
In the streets of modern cities nowadays, due to the development of small business
and entrepreneurship, a large number of small architectural forms appear: small cafes,
kiosks, transport stops, etc. As a rule, they have low aesthetic characteristics, are made
of a variety of materials and often do not take into account the nature of the
environment, creating a sense of chaos and violating the integrity of the urban
architectural environment. To eliminate these shortcomings, it is necessary to develop
a targeted programme at the city level on landscape formation of the urban
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
https://scientific-jl.org/obr
Выпуск журнала №-70
Часть–6_ июня –2025
398
2181-3187
environment, as well as methodological developments for practical use in the formation
of a system of visual communication and small architectural forms in the urban
environment.
Small architectural forms (SAF) are small-scale structures and devices for seasonal
and year-round use, stationary or transformable, designed to serve people in urbanised
and natural environments. They have both utilitarian and artistic and decorative
purpose, and some only decorative. Utilitarian structures include trade and information
kiosks, telephone booths, gazebos, pavilions at transport stops, shading structures
(pergolas, canopies), benches. A number of structures of artistic and decorative
purpose include supports for climbing plants, flower boxes, trellises, soffits, trellises,
fountains, sprinklers, etc.
The nomenclature of SAF and recreational equipment is determined taking into
account the functional purpose of the urban area or landscape object, and the placement
of small architectural forms should be directly related to the functional zoning and
architectural-planning solution of the site. When placing SAF in different types of
urban environment it is necessary to observe the requirements of style unity, as well as
the degree of their compositional activity. When creating SAF s, the main requirement
should be their integrated design, reconstruction and application with the use of
modular elements, achieving stylistic commonality with the help of unified form-
forming elements, the minimum number of types of construction materials used.
Garden furniture for recreation is widely used in the formation of landscape
objects - gardens, parks, squares: various types of benches, pergolas, shade canopies,
arbours, urns. They have mainly functional purpose, but also have a significant impact
on the spatial and aesthetic organisation of any territory. Garden design (furniture,
forms of small architecture, paving, lighting, sculpture) should be designed together
with vegetation simultaneously and depending on the general artistic idea-theme of the
landscape composition. Drawing, colour, size and staging of stationary and portable
garden furniture depend on the adopted colour and general compositional solution. In
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
https://scientific-jl.org/obr
Выпуск журнала №-70
Часть–6_ июня –2025
399
2181-3187
any case, there are two design principles: harmonious (in accordance or proximity to
the background on which it falls) and contrasting.
Lighting in a park, garden should fulfil not only the necessary functional role, but
also be an organic part of the overall thematic concept. Lighting emphasises the
character of the overall composition, highlights the most significant techniques and
at the same time is a composition itself. Artificial illumination in the evening and
night time in its nature is close to the methods of theatre lighting. In night lighting
creates a spectacular alternation of light and shadow, mosaic of leaves, pattern of
branches, transforms the colour of foliage. Different light sources produce
illumination of different colours. Blue-greenish lighting (mercury lamps) is most
favourable for illuminating conifers. Golden-yellow lighting (sodium luminaires) is
excellent for illuminating autumn foliage. Depending on the importance of the
elements of the composition, they should be lit with low and high luminaires.
Paving, decorative and functional, should be designed in accordance with the
adopted landscape composition. It should be taken into account that a large pattern
visually reduces the space of the paved area, and a small monochrome pattern visually
increases this space. In case of application of various decorative materials in garden
composition it is necessary to pay attention to their relatively limited use and their
subordination to a single architectural image.
Sculpture thematic and independent requires a particularly thought-out position,
as it is the most expressive means in the design and reconstruction of any landscape
object. In case of necessity of its circular inspection, the sculpture should occupy an
island position in the composition. If the sculpture is frontal, it is necessary to create a
landscape background depending on the theme of the sculpture. In individual cases
(sculpture garden), the composition should be subordinate to the theme of the
sculptures. In this case, a significant role is played by illumination designed for the
effect in the evening.
When placing the SAF on the territory of the landscape object it should be
remembered that the main role here belongs to arrays of greenery, separate decorative
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
https://scientific-jl.org/obr
Выпуск журнала №-70
Часть–6_ июня –2025
400
2181-3187
groups of trees and shrubs, water surfaces, geoplastic relief. Small architectural forms
should harmoniously fit into the garden composition and should not be diverse in style
and form.
In the formation of open urban spaces not the least role is played by elements of
visual communication. In the modern city, the flow of information, more than 80% of
which is perceived through the organs of vision, has increased significantly. Visual
chaos has fallen on the man of the XXI century, it is more and more difficult for him
to orientate on the streets, in parks, in the interiors of large public buildings. The basis
for the orderliness of the architectural environment can be, first of all, the creation of a
clear system of visual communication that helps a person to orientate in an unfamiliar
environment. Space can be chaotic and organised. Chaotic space is the result of
spontaneous formation and unprofessional approach.
Means of visual communication are a clear system of predominantly graphic
images that orientate a person in the architectural environment according to a
predetermined programme. They include: signposts, signs, pictograms, scoreboards,
posters, billboards, shop windows, poster boards, advertising and lighting installations,
etc. Nomenclature of means of visual communication is quite diverse and should be
thought out at a professional level with observance of a number of design principles.
The system of visual communication should have a style unity and be based on the use
of certain artistic methods. The more strictly the number of used means and methods
is limited, the more definite is the style unity of the system. Among the signs of style
unity of the system are the following: manner of execution of the element, artistic unity
of elements, colour, size and shape, variant reproduction, technology of reproduction.
When reconstructing landscape and recreational areas, visual communication
means are used depending on the functional purpose of each zone of the landscape
object. In large-sized parks with a complex network of alleys, paths and platforms,
such means are most necessary. At the entrance to the park there are usually placed on
boards schemes of the territory with clear marking of its structural elements, display of
the main objects of the park with explanatory inscriptions and legible signs. Numerous
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
https://scientific-jl.org/obr
Выпуск журнала №-70
Часть–6_ июня –2025
401
2181-3187
signs are placed throughout the vast territory of the park, the imaginative and
constructive solution of which is harmoniously linked with the natural environment in
terms of scale, proportions, rhythm and colour.
The size of visual communication elements and small architectural forms of the
park should be relatively small, harmoniously blending in with the natural
environment, which is the main component of the landscape object. In particular, this
requirement applies to such structures as cafes, restaurants, kiosks, which should be
part of the park composition.
An important role in the organisation of space using the means of landscape
design is played by elements of monumental and decorative art and sculpture. These
include: large entrance signs, monuments, monuments, volumetric sculptural and
decorative compositions, decorative pictorial panels and reliefs, commemorative
plaques, memorial inscriptions. The means of monumental decorative art can solve the
following problems: revealing spatial reference points, emphasising the most important
planning elements in the urban environment, revealing the originality of landscape
spaces, etc. When incorporating elements of decorative applied art into the urban
environment, it is necessary to maintain the scale ratio of sculpture and buildings, as
well as to enhance the figurative characteristics of the environment.
No object of architecture and urban planning exists outside of nature and landscape.
Therefore, it is necessary to significantly increase the level of landscape training of
each architect regardless of the type of his future activity: design, scientific, managerial
or pedagogical. The medium approach in architecture with its broad understanding as
an activity aimed at the spatial organisation of the human living environment, its
humanisation, predetermines the interrelated solution by architects of such important
problems as the protection and rational transformation of the environment, harmonious
arrangement of residential, industrial, recreational environment, neutralisation of the
consequences of urbanisation by architectural and landscape means, etc.
The basics of landscape design are presented with an emphasis on traditional
functional and compositional issues, but it also reveals to what extent a modern
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
https://scientific-jl.org/obr
Выпуск журнала №-70
Часть–6_ июня –2025
402
2181-3187
architect needs knowledge of geographical landscape science, ecology and other
natural sciences to work with landscape. After all, the more complex the object, the
more diverse the interrelations between the natural and the artificial, the more versatile
knowledge is needed for a competent and far-sighted solution to the tasks of
architectural and spatial transformation of landscapes in the interests of society.
Consideration of the issues of formation of architectural-landscape objects of
different types according to a unified scheme helps to identify the specifics, effective
comparative analysis and a stronger grasp of the methodological foundations of
architectural design and reconstruction of the landscape.
LITERATURE USED:
1.
Вавилонская Т.В. Стратегия обновления архитектурно-исторической
среды: монография / СГАСУ. Самара, 2008. 368 с.
2.
Ziyadullayevich, Z. U. (2023). Interrelation of Roads with Architectural and
Landscape Environment.
JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, MECHANICS AND
MODERN ARCHITECTURE
,
2
(2), 19-23.
3.
Лекарева Н.А. Ландшафтная архитектура и дизайн. Традиции и
современность / СГАСУ. Самара, 2005.© Иванова Л.И., 2014
4.
Zubaydullaev, U. Z. (2023). STUDY OF THE PREPARATION OF
TRAINING OF ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL
PRACTICE IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION.
JOURNAL OF
ENGINEERING, MECHANICS AND MODERN ARCHITECTURE
, 818-824.
5.
Демурина Ю.Л. Перспективы развития пешеходных систем в
историческом центре крупного города // Научный журнал «Перспективы
науки». 2013. №10(49). С. 93
6.
Ziyadullayevich,
Z.
U.
(2023).
DECOR
IN
CONTEMPORARY
ARCHITECTURE
IN
CENTRAL
ASIA-TRADITIONS
AND
INNOVATIONS.
CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF ARTS AND DESIGN
,
198-204.
7.
Зубайдуллаев, У. З., & Тангирова, П. (2018). ПАРКОВЫЕ
ЛАНДШАФТЫ
И
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ
ИХ
ВИЗУАЛЬНОЙ
СРЕДЫ.
Актуальные научные исследования в современном мире
, (4-12),
46-49.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
https://scientific-jl.org/obr
Выпуск журнала №-70
Часть–6_ июня –2025
403
2181-3187
8.
Zubaydullayev, U. Z., & Asrorov, O. A. (2021). The relevance of creating a
system of underground parking in the historical centers of central asian cities
on the example of the city of Samarkand.
Asian Journal Of Multidimensional
Research
,
10
(7), 145-149.
9.
Зубайдуллаев, У. З., Мирзаев, Д. М., & Маматова, С. (2018). ОСНОВЫ
ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ КУЛЬТУРНОГО ЛАНДШАФТА В ПРОЦЕССЕ
УРБАНИЗАЦИИ.
Актуальные научные исследования в современном
мире
, (4-12), 38-41.
10.
Zubaydullayev, U. Z., & Khakimov, D. FIGURATIVE LANDSCAPE
DESIGN AND LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS METHOD.
Horizon: Journal of
Humanity and Artificial Intelligence
.
11.
Zubaydullayev, U. Z., & Ziyadullayevich, U. Historical Monuments Are the
Basis of the Tourism Sector.
Procedia of Philosophical and Pedagogical
Sciences
.
12.
. Zubaydullayev, U. Z., & Shodiyeva, S. H. (2023). HISTORICAL
MONUMENTS–IN THE EDUCATION OF THE FUTURE YOUNG
GENERATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM.
JOURNAL OF
ENGINEERING, MECHANICS AND MODERN ARCHITECTURE
, 825-828
13.
Jurayeva, Elvira, Luqmonov Dilshod, and Odina Olimova. "Reviving Ancient
Splendor: Graphic Restoration of the Mosque of Odina in Uzbekistan."
Indonesian Journal of Cultural and Community Development 15.1 (2024): 10-
21070.
14.
Jurayeva,
Elvira,
Odilova
Fayoza,
and
Xursanbayeva
Baljan.
"ARCHITECTURAL FORMATION PROCESSES OF KARSHI FORTRESS
AREAS." International Journal of Education, Social Science & Humanities
12.3 (2024): 789-797.
15.
Elmuradovna, Juraeva Elvira. "The Architecture of Karshi Castle, The
Establishment, The Past and the Present." (2023).
