ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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EFFECTIVE WAYS OF TEACHING OF TEACHING CHILDREN
AGED 9-12.
Ermatova Zarina
teacher, Fergana State Technical University
Uzbekistan, Ferghana region, Ferghana
E-mail:
Jamoliddinova Marjona
Fergana State Technical University
Student of group 651-22, software inginiring,
Introduction.
Learning language in childhood is the best chance to create an
ability to communication skills for life. Especially, for children,
those are between 9-
12
, this period is the convenient time to learn a new language because at this age, their
cognitive skills grow rapidly, at the same time, they are curious, socially aware, and
start to understand the world around them. So, how it can be effective and interesting
for learners simultaneously?
Making the learning more interesting and contextual.
Most of the pupils, in
this age can learn the language means of realistic condition. According to
Jean
Piaget’s
(1952) cognitive development theory, it also informs language instruction
strategies. Children, those between 9-12 are typically in the
concrete operational
stage
, during which they begin to think more logically and understand abstract ideas
when tied to concrete experiences. Piaget’s theory supports the use of contextual,
hands-on learning activities such as role – play and real – life simulations in language
teaching. For instance, instead of memorizing words in the way of just rapiding a lot,
they sometimes can play a role in the group or tell stories to groupmates. By these
methods, students experience how to use the words in correct way, and this may be one
of the opportunities to learners to create their hidden abilities such as playing role
without shyness, or it can help to children to create their self confident in the public.
sometimes pupils may feel bored during the lesson, and in this kind of situation playing
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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games related to the theme is also better than just learning. For example, setting up a
language café in the class where pupils order food in a second language, they are
learning, and others service as a waiter. As a result, this helps not only for building
vocabulary but also boosts confident and speaking skills in the realistice settings.
Using visuals and multimedia.
There are several types of learners in learning
process. As
Neil Fleming’s VARK model
(1987) supports the idea of tailoring
instruction to students’ individual learning style, which categorize learners into visual,
auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic types. This model emphasizes the
importance of using multimodal teaching strategies to meet diverse learner needs. For
example, using songs for auditory learners, movement-based games for kinesthetic
learners, and flashcard for visual learners can lead to more effective language
acquisition. This exactly help children to memorize or understand the words and
meaning easyly, and it makes the classroom more inclusive and dynamic. As a result,
pupils enjoy leaning language. Another researcher’s,
Howard Gardner’s
(1983),
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
proposes that students possess different kinds of
intelligences, including linguistic, interpersonal, and bodily – kinesthetic. Gardner’s
theory encourages educators to incorporate various instructional methods, including
storytelling, group discussion, music, and physical movement, to engage multiple
forms of intelligence in the classrooms.
Encourage work on groups and peer interaction.
The language is a social tool
which is effective when a pupil practices with others by communication. One of the
foundational theories in language learning comes from
Vygotsky
(1978), who
emphasized the role of social interaction in cognitive and language development. His
concepts of the
Zone of Proximal Development (ZDP)
suggests that children learn
best when tasks are slightly above their current level of competence, but achievable
with the guidance of a more knowledgeable peer or teacher. This theory supports the
use of group work, peer interaction, and cooperative learning in language classrooms.
For example, one of the benefits of group working, collaborative games, language –
based projects is that they can learn how to explain their own opinion about something
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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to their peers, and it helps to improve their cognitive skills too,with creating new ideas
of given project. Sometimes children may experience some shyness or depression
while they are explaining their opinions, or speaking about some projects, however,
they can feel relaxed when they interact with their peers. So group working activities
are the best way of improving self-confident too.
Incorporate cultural elements.
Learning second language does not include only
grammar and vocabularies but also it consists of culture and traditions of the language
too. How it can effect ? To this question,
Stephen Krashen’s Input Hypothesis
(1982)
has answered like this : the need for
comprehensible input
, suggesting that learners
acquire language most effectively when exposed to language slightly above their
current proficiency level in a low-anxiety, supportive environment. This aligns with
using engaging and meaningful content such as multimedia tools, interactive games,
and cultural materials in language instruction. For example, by listening to another
language’s songs and introducing food, festivals, and the tradition from countries
where the language is spoken can makes learning more interesting and meaningful. As
a results learners start to understand real usage of words and phrases deeply in their
own place in the language.
Give regular and supportive feedback.
According to
Hattie & Timperley,
(2007)
feedback is one of the most powerful influences on student achievement. They
describe effective feedback as goal- referenced, timely, specific, and actionable.
Furthermore
, Lightbown & Spada (2013)
: in second language acquisition, corrective
feedback helps learners notice errors and improve accuracy.
Sometimes teachers should encourage pupils even when they do some mistakes
in their task or projects. Instead of punishing them, teachers can explain every mistake
which is made by learners. Because pupils should feel that making mistakes is also one
part od learning process. Does not matter how small progress they do, but the matter is
that you,as a teacher, should build the motivation and self -esteem. with the words like
good job or wow you did well .
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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Conclusion
, teaching language to children aged 9–12 can be highly effective
when educators apply developmentally appropriate, engaging, and supportive
strategies. By incorporating contextual and interactive learning, using diverse
multimedia tools, encouraging peer collaboration, and embedding cultural elements,
language instruction becomes not only more enjoyable but also more meaningful.
Grounded in well-established educational theories—from Piaget to Vygotsky and
Gardner—these methods help learners build strong communication skills while
boosting their confidence and motivation. Ultimately, when students are supported
with positive, constructive feedback and given the opportunity to explore language in
real-life contexts, they are more likely to develop a lasting ability and passion for
language learning.
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