ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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Выпуск журнала №-71
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ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE
RESPIRATORY TRACT
Siyob Abu Ali ibn Sino nomidagi
Jamoat salomatligi texnikumi
NURALIYEVA MARJONA MANSUROVNA
GANIYEVA SHAHLO FAYZILLOYEVNA
Annotation :
This article is intended to fully reveal the anatomical and
physiological features of the respiratory tract, diseases of the respiratory tract and the
solution of these diseases.
Keywords :
Respiratory tract, lung diseases, asthma, allergic diseases.
Annotation :
This article is intended to fully reveal the anatomical and
physiological features of the respiratory tract, diseases of the respiratory tract and the
solution of these diseases.
Key words:
respiratory diseases, lung diseases, asthma, allergic diseases
.
The respiratory system extends from the respiratory zone just outside the nose and
mouth through the conducting airways in the head and chest to the alveoli, where
respiratory gas exchange occurs between the alveoli and the capillary blood flowing
around them. Its primary function is to deliver oxygen (O2) to the gas exchange region
of the lungs, where it can diffuse to and through the alveolar walls to oxygenate the
blood passing through the alveolar capillaries as needed during a wide range of work
or activities. In addition, the system must: (1) remove carbon dioxide from the alveolar
capillaries into the lungs in equal amounts; (2) maintain div temperature and water
vapor saturation in the airways of the lungs (to maintain the viability and functionality
of surface fluids and cells); (3) maintain sterility (to prevent infections and their
negative consequences); and (4) eliminate excess surface fluids and debris, such as
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
https://scientific-jl.org/obr
Выпуск журнала №-71
Часть–4_ июня–2025
110
2181-
3187
respiratory particles and senescent phagocytic and epithelial cells. It must perform all
of these demanding tasks continuously throughout life and do so with high efficiency
in terms of performance and energy use
.
The system can be abused and overwhelmed
by serious insults, such as high concentrations of cigarette smoke and industrial dust,
or by low concentrations of specific pathogens that attack or destroy its defense
mechanisms or cause them to fail. As usual, the ability to overcome or compensate for
such insults is evidence of an elegant combination of structure and function. The
complex structure and many functions of the human respiratory tract were briefly
described by the Task Force of the International Commission on Radiological
Protection (ICRP) in 1994, as shown in Figure 1. approximately 0.2 liters. They
regulate the inhaled air and distribute it to the approximately 65,000 respiratory tracts,
which carry it by convective (multiple) flow to the terminal bronchioles. As the volume
of the waves increases, convective flow dominates gas exchange deeper into the
respiratory bronchioles. In any case, the distance from the convective front of the
respiratory tract to the alveolar surfaces is short enough that effective CO2-O2
exchange occurs by molecular diffusion. In contrast, airborne particles with diffusion
coefficients smaller than those of gases tend to be suspended in the air of the waves,
which can be expelled without settling.
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammation of the human respiratory system. The
disease can develop in childhood (up to ten years), but with the use of appropriate
treatment methods, it is possible to completely recover.
Asthma occurs in four stages: intermittent, i.e. periodic (exacerbations of the
disease and asthmatic attacks may occur once or twice a month); mild persistent
(exacerbations of the disease and asthmatic attacks occur weekly); moderate persistent
(exacerbations of the disease occur daily, and attacks occur several times a night);
severe persistent (the disease worsens during the day, attacks occur constantly at night).
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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The disease occurs when the bronchi narrow due to inflammation, swelling or
sputum clots. Asthma can occur for various reasons: hereditary predisposition;
allergies (to dust and pollen, animal hair, food and chemicals); unfavorable
environment (tobacco smoke, irritating gases); bacterial and viral infections
(bronchitis, ); medications (anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic); stress, fear,
other emotional experiences; excessive physical activity.
Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease is the name for a group of lung diseases that cause difficulty
breathing.
These include:
• — damage to the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs
• chronic bronchitis — long-term inflammation of the airways
COPD is a common condition that mainly affects middle-aged or older people
who smoke. Many people don't realize they have it.
Breathing problems gradually get worse over time and can limit your normal
activities, but treatment can help keep the condition under control.
References:
1,
American
Pregnancy
Association.
Infertility
in
Women
(https://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/female-infertility/).
Accessed
12/5/2023.
2, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
(U.S.). Infertility and Fertility (https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility).
Accessed 12/5/2023.
3, Resolve: The National Infertility Association (U.S.). Facts, Diagnosis, and Risk
Factors
(https://resolve.org/learn/infertility-101/facts-diagnosis-and-risk-factors/).
Accessed 12/5/2023.
