ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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PROPERTIES OF BINDING BITUMINOUS MATERIALS PRODUCED
IN UZBEKISTAN
Yusufov Khakim
Student of Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute
(+998911971516)
Annotation:
This article analyzes the main physical-mechanical and rheological
properties of road bitumens and bituminous binders produced in the Republic of
Uzbekistan. It examines the local raw material base, production technologies, and their
impact on bitumen quality. The article summarizes the results of research on important
indicators of bituminous materials such as viscosity, penetration, softening point,
ductility, brittleness temperature, and adhesion. Furthermore, the compliance of local
bitumens with international standards is evaluated, and their role in ensuring the
durability and longevity of road pavements in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan is
substantiated. This article aims to create a scientific basis for the effective use of local
bitumen products in road construction, improving their quality, and developing new,
modified types of bitumen.
Keywords:
Bitumen, road bitumen, bituminous binder, physical-mechanical
properties, rheological properties, penetration, softening point, brittleness temperature,
road construction.
INTRODUCTION
The condition of automobile roads is crucial for the economic development and
improvement of the transport infrastructure in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The quality
and durability of road pavements directly depend on the properties of bitumen, the main
binding material used in their construction. Bitumen is not only a binding element for
asphalt concrete mixture components but also a key factor determining the operational
service life of the entire pavement and its resistance to temperature changes and traffic
loads.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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In Uzbekistan, bitumen products are primarily manufactured at local oil refineries.
The properties of the bitumen produced at these refineries depend on the composition
of the crude oil, the processing technology, and the type of equipment used.
Uzbekistan's sharply continental climate (high temperatures in summer, low
temperatures in winter) places specific demands on road bitumens. Bitumen should not
soften and deform in summer, nor should it become brittle and crack in winter.
The relevance of this article is determined by the necessity to thoroughly study
the properties of local bituminous materials and evaluate their compliance with
international standards to create high-quality and stable road pavements for the
country's road transport sector. Improving bitumen quality and optimizing its
performance indicators is a vital scientific and practical task in road construction.
The objective of this research is to comprehensively analyze the main physical-
mechanical and rheological properties of binding bituminous materials produced in the
Republic of Uzbekistan, assess their suitability for the country's climatic conditions,
and develop recommendations for improving bitumen quality.
RESEARCH OBJECT AND METHODOLOGY
Research Object: Various grades of road bitumens (e.g., BND 60/90, BND
90/130, BND 40/60) produced at leading oil refineries in the Republic of Uzbekistan
(e.g., Bukhara Oil Refinery, Fergana Oil Refinery).
Research Methodology: Standardized laboratory testing methods were applied to
determine the properties of bituminous materials. These tests included the following
properties:
Penetration (needle penetration): To determine the hardness and consistency of
bitumen (GOST 33136, ASTM D5). The test is conducted at 25°C.
Softening Point (ring and ball method): To assess bitumen's temperature
sensitivity and resistance to deformation at high temperatures (GOST 33137, ASTM
D36).
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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Ductility: To determine bitumen's plasticity and resistance to cracking at low
temperatures (GOST 33138, ASTM D113). The test is conducted at 25°C and, in some
cases, 0°C.
Brittleness Temperature (Fraas method): To determine the bitumen's
embrittlement point at low temperatures (GOST 33139, EN 12593). This indicator is
important for evaluating the resistance of road pavements to cracking in winter
conditions.
Viscosity (dynamic and kinematic): To evaluate the flow characteristics of
bitumen (GOST 33133, ASTM D4402). This indicator affects the processes of asphalt
concrete mixture preparation and laying.
Adhesion: To assess bitumen's ability to adhere to the surface of mineral
aggregates (GOST 11508). This is crucial for ensuring the water resistance and
longevity of asphalt concrete.
Aging Resistance: To evaluate bitumen's ability to retain its properties under long-
term operational conditions (e.g., TFOT, RTFOT methods).
The obtained experimental results were statistically analyzed, and the compliance
of local bitumens with international standards and requirements was evaluated.
ANALYSIS
OF
BITUMINOUS
MATERIAL
PROPERTIES
IN
UZBEKISTAN
Bitumens produced in the Republic of Uzbekistan are primarily obtained from
petroleum residues (gudron) through oxidation. The composition of local crude oil and
technological processes influence the following key properties of bitumen:
Penetration and Viscosity: The penetration values of local bitumens correspond
to the manufactured grades (BND 60/90, BND 90/130). BND 60/90 bitumen grades
are harder than BND 90/130 and are distinguished by their high-temperature resistance.
Viscosity determines the working temperature of bitumen.
Softening Point: The softening point of our country's bitumens meets the standard
requirements for road bitumens (e.g., 40-55°C). This ensures the bitumen's resistance
to deformation in hot summer conditions.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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Ductility and Brittleness Temperature: The ductility values of local bitumens
indicate their plasticity at low temperatures. However, in some cases, especially at low
temperatures (e.g., 0°C and below), a decrease in ductility and a relatively high
brittleness temperature are observed. This can increase the risk of cracks appearing in
road pavements during Uzbekistan's cold winter conditions.
Adhesion: The adhesion of bitumen to mineral aggregates depends on its chemical
composition. Local bitumens generally have sufficient adhesion to ensure bitumen-
aggregate bonding. However, when working with hydrophilic aggregates, special
activating additives may be required to improve adhesion properties.
Aging Resistance: Accelerated aging tests conducted in laboratory conditions
show that local bitumens have a certain tendency to age. This can shorten the service
life of road pavements due to bitumen oxidation and embrittlement during operation.
PROBLEMS AND WAYS FOR IMPROVEMENT
While the general properties of bituminous materials produced in Uzbekistan
meet national standards, they may not fully comply with international standards (e.g.,
the Superpave system). In particular, there are some shortcomings regarding the
optimal performance indicators at high and low temperatures:
Low-temperature cracking resistance: The brittleness temperature of local
bitumens is sometimes not sufficiently low for Uzbekistan's cold winters. This can lead
to the formation of thermal cracks in road pavements.
Aging resistance: The tendency of bitumen to oxidize shortens its service life.
To overcome these problems and improve the quality of local bitumens, the
following improvement directions are recommended:
Expanding the production of polymer-modified bitumens (PMBs): Modifying
bitumen with polymers (SBS, SBR, EVA, etc.) significantly increases its elasticity,
plasticity, and resistance to cracking and deformation, as well as reducing its
temperature sensitivity.
Using activating and adhesive additives: Employing special additives to improve
bitumen's adhesion to mineral materials and slow down its aging.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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Introducing new technologies: Implementing modern technologies (e.g.,
hydrogenation, deeper levels of distillation) in the oil refining process that allow for
optimizing the chemical composition of bitumen.
Adopting international standards: Aligning local bitumen standards with
international standards (e.g., Superpave Performance Grade - PG) and controlling
bitumen quality based on these.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
While the binding bituminous materials produced in Uzbekistan possess the
necessary properties for road construction, there is potential to enhance their low-
temperature performance and aging resistance. Improving bitumen quality directly
contributes to extending the service life of road pavements, reducing repair costs, and
increasing road safety.
Practical Significance: The results obtained and the recommendations provided in
this article serve as a scientific basis for road construction organizations, design
institutes, and bitumen producers to effectively utilize local bitumens and improve their
quality. The production and widespread use of modified binders based on local
bitumens will make a significant contribution to the development of road infrastructure.
Future Prospects: Future research should focus on deeper modification of local
bitumens using various polymers, rubber granules, and nanomodifiers, as well as
conducting long-term tests in various climatic conditions. This will enable further
development of the road construction materials base in our republic and the creation of
high-quality road pavements that meet global standards.
REFERENCES
1.
ГОСТ 33136-2014. Bitum neftli yo‘l qurilishi uchun. Igna botishini aniqlash
usuli. (2014). Moskva: Standartinform.
2.
ГОСТ 33137-2014. Bitum neftli yo‘l qurilishi uchun. Yumshash haroratini
aniqlash usuli (halqa va shar usuli). (2014). Moskva: Standartinform.
3.
Jalilov, A. A., & Karimov, B. X. (2020). Yo‘l qurilishi materiallari va
texnologiyalari. Toshkent: Yangi Asr Avlodi.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
https://scientific-jl.org/obr
Выпуск журнала №-71
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4.
Ismoilov, M. I., & To‘xtayev, Z. K. (2021). Mahalliy bitumlarning fizik-
mexanik xususiyatlarini yaxshilash yo‘llari. Transport tizimining rivojlanishi, 2(1), 54-
61.
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Huang, Y., Bird, R., & Heidrich, T. (2007). A Review of the Use of Recycled
Waste Materials in Asphalt Pavements. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(1),
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AASHTO M 320-10. Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt
Binder. (2010). Washington D.C.: American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials.
