ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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SHORT STORIES AND THEIR GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS(WITH
EXAMPLES IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH)
Karshi International University,
English Linguistics Department,
LI-702-24 –group student
Nazarova Jongul
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqola qisqa hikoyalar tuzilishi va uslubiy xususiyatlarini
tahlil qiladi. Qisqa hikoyalar odatda soddalashtirilgan shaklda bo‘lib, aniq bir vaqt, joy
va bir necha asosiy qahramon doirasida rivojlanadi. Har bir so‘z va tafsilot muhim
ma’no yuklaydi. An’anaviy hikoya qurilishi — boshlanish, cho‘qqi nuqtasi va yakuniy
yechim — ko‘plab qisqa hikoyalarda uchrasa-da, zamonaviy qisqa hikoyalar ko‘pincha
voqeani o‘rtadan boshlaydi va o‘quvchini darhol jalb qiladi. Maqolada, shuningdek,
ochiq yakunlarga ega bo‘lgan hikoyalar keng tarqalayotgani va ular insoniy xulq-
atvorni va hayotni chuqurroq anglashga undashi ta’kidlangan.
Annotation:
This article analyzes the structure and stylistic features of short
stories. Short stories are typically simplified, focusing on a specific time, place, and a
few main characters. Every word and detail carries significant meaning. While many
short stories still follow a traditional narrative structure — with a beginning, climax,
and resolution — modern short stories often start in the middle of the action to
immediately capture the reader’s attention. The article also highlights the growing
trend of open-ended conclusions, which encourage deeper reflection on human
behavior and the complexities of reality.
Aннотация:
В данной статье анализируется структура и стилистические
особенности коротких рассказов. Короткие рассказы, как правило, отличаются
упрощённой формой, концентрируясь на определённом времени, месте и
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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нескольких главных героях. Каждое слово и каждая деталь в них имеют важное
значение. Хотя традиционная структура рассказа — с началом, кульминацией и
разрешением — по-прежнему используется, современные короткие рассказы
часто начинаются с середины действия, чтобы сразу увлечь читателя. Также
подчёркивается распространение рассказов с открытыми концовками,
способствующих более глубокому осмыслению человеческого поведения и
реальности.
Key words:
short story, structure, critical thinking, language education,
What is a short story?
A short story is a work of prose fiction that can be read in one sitting—usually
between 20 minutes to an hour. There is no maximum length, but the average short
story is 1,000 to 7,500 words, with some outliers reaching 10,000 or 15,000 words. At
around 10 to 25 pages, that makes short stories much shorter than novels, with only a
length. A piece of fiction shorter than 1,000 words is
considered a “short short story” or “flash fiction,” and anything less than 300 words is
rightfully called “microfiction.”[1]
The frame of a short story is often simplified, focusing on a specific time and
place, and presenting one or two main characters without providing full background
information. In this concise and concentrated format, every word and every detail must
carry significant meaning.Short stories usually center on a single plot, avoiding the
complexity of multiple subplots. Some short stories follow a traditional narrative
structure, beginning with a description, followed by rising action, reaching a climax,
and ending with a resolution. However, many modern short stories tend to begin in the
middle of the action, immediately engaging the reader with a dramatic scene.
While traditional stories often aimed to deliver a clear moral lesson, today it is
common to encounter short stories with open-ended conclusions. These endings invite
readers to interpret the story in different ways and encourage a deeper, more complex
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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understanding of human reality and behavior. Such narrative techniques reflect the
maturity and creative approaches of modern short story writers.
What is the impact of short story in education?
By using short stories, students are able to connect what they learn in the
classroom to their own real-life experiences, which fosters more active communication
between teachers and learners. The use of diverse materials offers rich content to
enhance classroom discussions and equips language learners with the necessary skills
to tackle real-world problems.
Currently, the approach to teaching reading strategies in Iranian schools faces
several challenges. One major issue is the lack of effective methods that help students
derive meaning from texts. As a result, students often struggle to understand the core
message of what they read and to engage in critical thinking about the material.
Expriment with students
The study demonstrated a significant impact and a level of agreement among the
students, showing that meaning, critical thinking, creativity, and engagement were
enhanced. The results suggest that the integration of nutrition topics can serve as a
valuable educational tool in EFL education, contributing to improved learning
outcomes and classroom environment. This study highlights the importance of
promoting interdisciplinary approaches to support the global development of language
skills. Further research is recommended to examine the effectiveness of this method in
different educational contexts, to validate these findings and expand its application in
EFL settings.nts.[2]
What is the benefit of short stories in grammar learning?
With a little creativity, stories can be used to teach nearly any grammatical
structure. In this section, I provide a few examples for four frequently taught grammar
topics: simple past, relative clauses, time-order words and structures, and modals of
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prediction and possibility. A story is a natural place to use verbs in the simple past, and
the number and variety of activities to practice this in the classroom are staggering.
Stories are a great way to work on time-order words. Beginners might focus on simple
sentences using, for instance, first, next, then, and finally. High beginning and
intermediate learners are ready for complex sentences with after, before, when, and
while. As learners become more proficient with time-order words, they can gradually
move on to new verb tenses. For example, a high beginner might understand and use
the simple past in sentences such as When Bessie Coleman was a child, schools were
still segregated. High intermediate and advanced learners would be ready for more
complicated structures such as Bessie Coleman became famous for her stunts as a pilot,
but she was killed while flying at the age of 3
Another frequent grammar topic in stories
is the relative clause. At high beginning and intermediate levels, students can work
on
who, which,
and
that.
At high intermediate levels, they can work on
whose
and
restrictive versus nonrestrictive relative clauses. Modals of prediction and possibility:
Students read or listen to the first half of a real or fictional story. They predict how the
story ends using modals (e.g.,
They might live happily ever after.)
[3].
This study investigates the effectiveness of using short stories as a tool for
teaching grammar in a more engaging and contextually meaningful manner. It aims to
address the challenges of traditional grammar instruction, often criticized for being
disconnected from real-world language use and monotonous for learners. Focusing on
Shirley Jackson’s short story “The Lottery,” the research develops targeted activities
that explore grammatical structures such as verb tenses, sentence complexity, and
direct and indirect speech. These activities are designed to help learners see grammar
in action within a narrative framework, making abstract rules more tangible and
relevant. An experimental approach was adopted, with participants divided into two
groups: a control group taught using conventional grammar exercises and an
experimental group that used short stories to explore the same grammatical concepts.
Both groups were assessed through pre- and post-tests, allowing for a direct
comparison of their learning outcomes. Additionally, a survey measuring student
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engagement and motivation was administered to both groups. The results demonstrate
that learners in the experimental group showed significant improvement in their
understanding and application of grammatical structures compared to the control
group. Furthermore, students in the experimental group reported higher levels of
engagement and motivation. The study’s findings suggest that integrating short stories
into grammar instruction not only improves language retention but also fosters a more
dynamic and interactive learning environment. This research offers a practical
framework for educators looking to enhance grammar teaching through literature,
providing insights for more effective language pedagogy[4].
The Use of Grammatical Aspects in Short Stories
Short stories play an important role in English language learning, as they help
learners understand and apply grammar rules in a meaningful context. These stories
are often based on real-life situations, enhancing students’ retention and practical use
of the language. In linguistics, short stories are valuable not only for their content but
also for analyzing grammatical structures in action.Most English short stories are
written in the Past Simple tense. This is because narratives typically recount events that
happened in the past.
The Past Simple tense is used to describe actions in chronological order within a
specific time frame. For example: “She walked into the room and sat down quietly.”In
addition, the Past Continuous tense is frequently used to set the background or describe
actions occurring simultaneously in the past. It is effective for expressing ongoing
actions. For example: “While he was reading, the door suddenly opened.”Sometimes,
it is necessary to refer to an event that happened before another past event. In such
cases, the Past Perfect tense is used to show the order of past events. For instance: “He
had already left when I arrived.”
The Present Simple tense also appears in short stories, often to express general
truths, character traits, or to create a vivid and direct narrative style. This is especially
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common in stylistic or artistic storytelling. For example: “He always tells the truth,
even when it hurts.”
The Present Perfect tense, though less common in stories, is used to show actions
that began in the past and continue to have relevance in the present. Example: “She has
lived in London for five years.”
While future tenses are rarely used in short stories, they may appear at the end of
a narrative to suggest consequences or express a character’s intentions. The Future
Simple tense is commonly used in such cases. For example: “She will never forget that
day.”
The tenses used in short stories serve to clearly convey the flow of events, the
sequence of actions, and the emotions of the characters. Through such texts, learners
can better understand the distinctions between English tenses and successfully apply
them in real communication.
Exam in Uzbek
Bir kuni kichkina bola bog‘da o‘ynab yurdi. U to‘satdan yiqilib, tizzasini
jarohatlab oldi. Bola yig‘lab yubordi. Onasi yugurib kelib, uni bag‘riga bosdi va:
“Qo‘rqma, bolam, hammasi yaxshi bo‘ladi,” dedi.
O‘zbek tili darsliklarida keltirilgan qisqa hikoyalar grammatik birliklarni
o‘rgatishda muhim manba bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Misol tariqasida 7-sinf “O‘zbek tili”
darsligida keltirilgan “Ona mehri” hikoyasini ko‘rib chiqamiz. Ushbu hikoya kichik
bola va uning onasi o‘rtasidagi mehr-muhabbatni tasvirlaydi. Hikoyada turli
grammatik birliklar, jumladan, fe’llar, sifatlar va bog‘lovchilar samarali
qo‘llanilgan.Matnda uchraydigan fe’llar (masalan, o‘ynab yurdi, yig‘lab yubordi,
jarohatlab oldi) harakatning ketma-ketligi, davomiyligi va kuchaytirilganligini
ifodalaydi. Sifatlar (masalan, kichkina, yaxshi) predmet va holatlarni aniqlashda
ishlatilgan. Bog‘lovchilar (masalan, va, hammasi) esa gaplar orasidagi mantiqiy
bog‘liqlikni ta’minlaydi.
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Bu kabi hikoyalar o‘quvchilarning grammatik bilimlarini real kontekstda
mustahkamlashga yordam beradi. Shuningdek, ular orqali grammatik birliklarning
amaliy qo‘llanilishini tushunish osonlashadi [6].
Exam in English
"Fleeting Marrow" is a short story written by Yan F. Zhang that explores the
emotional impact of a personal tragedy on an individual's psyche. The story centers on
a woman named Joy, who loses both her father and son, and the complex emotions she
experiences after their deaths. The author does not merely depict the tragedy from a
historical perspective but also delves into the character's inner world, examining her
relationship with the past and her psychological state.
Joy's recollections and reflections on past events reveal her psychological
struggles. As the story progresses, her memories of loss and regret are highlighted,
providing insight into the mental turmoil she faces. Each remembered moment reveals
her inner conflicts and the resolute yet open nature of her emotional state. This story
not only portrays the sharp turns in a person's life but also explores the changes that
occur in their mental and emotional world.
Pronouns and Prepositions:
“Fleeting Marrow” serves as the central theme of the story. This title reflects the
fleeting nature of memories and emotions, suggesting that they are short-lived yet
deeply significant.“Fleeting” is an adjective that conveys the sense of time passing
quickly, suggesting the transient nature of the events being described.“Marrow” refers
to the "core" or "essence" of something, which is metaphorically used to represent the
deepest and most intimate emotions.
Tenses:
The main events are described using past tense (narrating events that happened in
the past): "Joy lost her father and son."However, psychological states and emotions are
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expressed in present tense, to reflect their ongoing impact: “The loss lingers, echoing
through her memories.” This shows how the tragedy continues to affect her in the
present.
Modals and Conditional Verbs:
Modals such as “could have been” and “would have” are used to express missed
opportunities and regrets: “If she could have saved them...”These modals help convey
the character's sense of regret and the actions she wishes she could have taken in the
past.
Complex Sentences:
The story makes use of complex sentences, where multiple clauses are linked to
present the character's internal world and past memories. Example: "She remembers
the moments of joy, and yet the bitter feeling of loss always returns."This structure
emphasizes the contrast between moments of happiness and the persistent sadness that
follows7.
Reference:
1.
https://www.blurb.com/blog/what-is-a-short-story\
2.
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1199386#:~:text=The%20Impact%20of%20
Short%20Stories%20in,Zahra%20Heidarian%20and%20Rachel%20Heydon
3.
The power of stories Nicole Brun-Mercer PhD 23 February 2022
4
. Using Short Stories for Effective Grammar Instruction: An Experimental Study
May 2024Educational Administration Theory and Practice journal 30(5)
5
https://shop.english.best/media/english-grammar-through-stories_0.pdf
6.
O‘zbek tili. 7-sinf uchun darslik / D.A. Xidoyatova va boshqalar. – Toshkent:
Respublika ta’lim markazi, 2022. – 176 bet.
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7
. Zhang, Yan F. "Fleeting Marrow." The Guardian, 10 Dec. 2024,
www.theguardian.com/books/2024/dec/10/yan-f-zhangs-fearsome-and-memorable-
fleeting-marrow-wins-4thwrite-prize
