STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC AND LINGUOCULTURAL  CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPER NOUNS

Mukimova Zilola Eshdavlatovna

doi:10.71337/inlibrary.uz.esiiw.125062

Авторы

Mukimova Zilola Eshdavlatovna

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.esiiw.125062

Ключевые слова:

Atoqli otlar onomastika struktur xususiyatlar semantik xususiyatlar lingvokulturologik xususiyatlar antroponimlar toponimlar zo'onimlar

Аннотация

Ushbu maqola atoqli otlarning struktur-semantik va lingvokulturologik xususiyatlarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan.Maqola atoqli otlarning, ayniqsa, antroponimlar, toponimlar, zo'onimlar, oronimlar va boshqa turdagi nomlarning milliy
madaniyat, mentalitet va tarixiy xotira bilan qanday bog‘liqligini ochib beradi.Tadqiqotda atoqli otlarning morfologik va sintaktik xususiyatlari, ularning semantik qatlamlari, konnotativ ma’nolari va lingvokulturologik ahamiyati masalalari o‘rganilgan.

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STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC AND LINGUOCULTURAL

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPER NOUNS

Karshi International University,

English Linguistics Department,

LI-702-24 – group student

Mukimova Zilola Eshdavlatovna

Annotatsiya

Ushbu maqola atoqli otlarning struktur-semantik va lingvokulturologik

xususiyatlarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan.Maqola atoqli otlarning, ayniqsa,

antroponimlar, toponimlar, zo'onimlar, oronimlar va boshqa turdagi nomlarning milliy

madaniyat, mentalitet va tarixiy xotira bilan qanday bog‘liqligini ochib

beradi.Tadqiqotda atoqli otlarning morfologik va sintaktik xususiyatlari, ularning

semantik qatlamlari, konnotativ ma’nolari va lingvokulturologik ahamiyati masalalari

o‘rganilgan. Atoqli otlar tilning nomlash funksiyasini amalga oshirish bilan birga,

milliy o‘zlikni ifodalovchi madaniy kod sifatida ham xizmat qiladi. Ayniqsa, o‘zbek

xalqining tabiat bilan bog‘liq toponimlari, kuch va g‘alaba timsollari sifatida

ishlatiladigan ismlar, madaniy meros ob'ektlari nomlari xalqqa xos mentalitet va

qadriyatlarni o‘zida mujassamlashtiradi.Maqolaning ilmiy yangiligi shundaki, atoqli

otlarning struktur, semantik va lingvokulturologik jihatlari kompleks tahlil qilinib,

o‘zbek onomastikasining til va madaniyat bilan chambarchas bog‘liqligi aniqlandi.

Tadqiqot natijalari o‘zbek tilining madaniy qatlamlarini chuqurroq anglash imkonini

beradi va lingvokulturologik tadqiqotlarda qo‘llanilishi mumkin bo‘lgan yangi

bilimlarni taqdim etadi.

Kalit so’zlar:

Atoqli otlar, onomastika, struktur xususiyatlar, semantik

xususiyatlar, lingvokulturologik xususiyatlar, antroponimlar, toponimlar, zo'onimlar,

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madaniy kodlar, milliy mentalitet, madaniy an'analar, nomlash funksiyasi, o‘zbek

onomastikasi, tabiat va madaniyat, tarixiy xotira, nomlar tasnifi, o‘zbek tili,

madaniyatshunoslik.

Abstract

This article is devoted to the study of the structural-semantic and linguocultural

characteristics of proper nouns. The article reveals how proper nouns, especially

anthroponyms, toponyms, zo'onyms, oronyms and other types of names, are related to

national culture, mentality and historical memory. The study examines the

morphological and syntactic features of proper nouns, their semantic layers,

connotative meanings and linguocultural significance. Proper nouns, in addition to

fulfilling the naming function of the language, also serve as a cultural code expressing

national identity. In particular, the toponyms of the Uzbek people associated with

nature, names used as symbols of strength and victory, and the names of cultural

heritage objects emdiv the mentality and values inherent in the people. The scientific

novelty of the article is that the structural, semantic, and linguocultural aspects of

proper names were comprehensively analyzed, revealing the close connection of

Uzbek onomastics with language and culture. The results of the study provide a deeper

understanding of the cultural layers of the Uzbek language and provide new knowledge

that can be used in linguocultural research.

Keywords: Names, onomastics, structural features, semantic features,

linguocultural features, anthroponyms, toponyms, zo'onyms, cultural codes, national

mentality, cultural traditions, naming function, Uzbek onomastics, nature and culture,

historical memory, classification of names, Uzbek language, cultural studies.

Абстрактный

Статья

посвящена

изучению

структурно-семантических

и

лингвокультурологических особенностей имен собственных. В статье

раскрывается, как имена собственные, особенно антропонимы, топонимы,

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зоонимы, оронимы и другие типы имен, связаны с национальной культурой,

менталитетом и исторической памятью. В исследовании рассматриваются

морфологические и синтаксические характеристики имен собственных, их

семантические слои, коннотативные значения и лингвокультурная значимость.

Имена собственные, помимо выполнения именующей функции языка, также

служат культурным кодом, выражающим национальную идентичность. В

частности, топонимы узбекского народа, связанные с природой, названия,

используемые как символы силы и победы, названия объектов культурного

наследия олицетворяют менталитет и ценности, присущие народу. Научная

новизна статьи заключается в том, что комплексно проанализированы

структурно-семантические и лингвокультурологические аспекты имен

собственных, выявлена тесная связь узбекской ономастики с языком и

культурой. Результаты исследования позволяют глубже понять культурные

пласты узбекского языка и дают новые знания, которые могут быть

использованы в лингвокультурологических исследованиях.

Ключевые слова: Дворянские имена, ономастика, структурные признаки,

семантические признаки, лингвокультурные признаки, антропонимы, топонимы,

зоонимы, культурные коды, национальный менталитет, культурные традиции,

функция именования, узбекская ономастика, природа и культура, историческая

память, классификация имен, узбекский язык, культурология.

Language is an expression of the historical and cultural development, the sphere

of thought and the worldview of each people. The richness of the content of the

language, the diversity of means of expression are especially clearly visible through

proper nouns (onomastic units). Proper nouns are a meaningful reflection of human

thought, social life, and cultural heritage. Each language has its own onomastic system,

which operates in harmony with other units in the language. Proper nouns are units that

are specially studied in linguistics and have their own structural, semantic, and cultural

characteristics. They represent specific objects such as a person, place, event, historical

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and cultural events, geographical objects, and organizations. They perform many

functions in the language, such as conveying information, introducing, distinguishing,

and cultural identification. In today's era of globalization, the linguocultural study of

proper nouns is of particular importance. Because through proper nouns, the traditions,

values, religious and ethnic views, and historical memory of the people are expressed.

Therefore, there is a need to study proper nouns not only as grammatical units, but also

the cultural, social, and semantic factors behind them. This article provides a

comprehensive analysis of the structural-semantic and linguocultural characteristics of

proper nouns. Based on proper nouns in the Uzbek language, their form and content

characteristics, their place in the psyche and culture of the people are determined. This

is of great importance for in-depth study of the riches of our native language, promotion

of cultural heritage, and solving current issues in linguistics.

Proper nouns: theoretical foundations, classification and place in the

language system

Proper nouns are one of the important nominative units of the language, which

perform the function of naming a specific person, place, phenomenon, organization or

historical event. In linguistics, proper nouns, unlike common nouns, are considered as

a unit that uniquely and clearly represents something or a person. They are an important

reflection of human consciousness and socio-cultural experience, since each proper

noun can have its own cultural, historical and social connotation. Proper nouns are

considered one of the most ancient and stable layers of the naming system. From the

earliest stages of human culture, they have been formed as a means of communication

in society. First, personal names appeared, then place names, clan and tribe names.

These processes developed along with the development of language and thought, and

proper nouns became a separate linguistic category. Theoretically, proper nouns have

a semantically referential character. That is, they refer to a specific object, place or

person. For example, “Beruniy” refers to a specific historical person. Unlike common

nouns, they perform an identifying, not descriptive function. If the common noun is

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“scientist”, the proper noun is “Beruniy”. Therefore, proper nouns belong to a unique,

single object and cannot be replaced. In the language system, proper nouns are

classified in several ways. First of all, according to their semantic features, they are

divided into personal names (name, surname, nickname), place names (city, state, river,

mountain), historical names (empires, eras, wars), organizational names (institutions,

universities, international organizations) and names of objects of art and literature. For

example: “Alisher Navoiy”, “Uzbekistan”, “Great Silk Road”, “UNESCO”,

“Shahnoma”. Secondly, proper nouns have structurally simple and complex forms.

Simple forms consist of a single word, such as “Ferghana”, “Zulfiya”, “Temur”, while

complex forms consist of two or more components: “Mirzo Ulugbek”, “Library named

after Alisher Navoi”, “Republic of Uzbekistan”. Thirdly, proper nouns are also

functionally distinguished. They often perform an indicative (referential) function in

the text. That is, they serve to clarify information, draw attention to a specific object,

and distinguish it from other objects. For example: in the sentence “Today we are

traveling to Shahrisabz”, the proper noun “Shahrisabz” denotes a geographical object.

The role of proper nouns in the language system is incomparable. They form an

informational core in texts, and as a means of social communication, they play an

important role in expressing interpersonal relationships, intercultural dialogue,

historical memory, and national identity. For example, in historical works, national

heroes, geographical places and historical events are brought to life through proper

names: “The Life of Amir Temur”, “Khorezm Civilization”, “Zulfiya Poetry”. At the

same time, proper names intersect with such disciplines as cultural studies, semiotics,

pragmatics, sociolinguistics in modern linguistics. In particular, in linguoculturology,

proper names are studied as a means of understanding national mentality, values,

beliefs, customs and traditions. Thus, proper names perform not only the function of

nominativeness in the language, but also the functions of social and cultural loading.

Proper names are an integral part of the language system, which, with their structural,

semantic and cultural features, constitute a separate linguistic layer. Their importance

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in the language makes it necessary to study them not only as a means of naming, but

also as a phenomenon reflecting the history, culture and thinking of the people.

Structural features of proper nouns

The structural features of proper nouns depend on their lexical and grammatical

formation, syntactic structure, morphological aspect and location in the language, and

they form a solid structure, unlike common nouns. These nouns serve to individually

name a person, place or object in the language. Therefore, their structural stability and

coherence have their own semantic, phonetic and morphological characteristics. First

of all, proper nouns differ from other words as independent lexical units. They are often

used in a singular form and do not generalize by themselves. For example, “Navoiy”

refers to a specific person, and having this word in the plural form like “navoiylar”

creates confusion in the language. So, one of the structural foundations of proper nouns

is that they do not have a plural form or are rarely used for generalization. The

grammatical structure of proper nouns is often synthetic (i.e., with suffixes), and they

retain their form when combined with other words. Although they accept possessive,

accusative, and declension suffixes, these cases mainly depend on the context of

speech. For example, in expressions such as “Ulugbek's map of the stars”, “I read

Zulfiyani o'qidim”, proper nouns are morphologically suffixed like other nouns.

However, they always retain their referential (demonstrative) essence. Proper nouns

are found in the language in both structurally simple and complex forms. Proper nouns

in simple forms consist of a single word: “Samarkand”, “Lola”, “Bobur”. Compound

forms consist of a combination of two or more words: “Mirzo Ulugbek”, “Mustaqillik

Maydi”, “Alisher Navoiy nomi universitet”. Such compounds are structurally stable,

and each component represents a common semantic unit. In addition, the structural

structure of proper nouns includes a full form (official name) and an abbreviated form.

For example, the proper noun “Oliy Majlisi of the Republic of Uzbekistan” is an

official full name, while “Oliy Majlis” is an abbreviated form. Proper nouns formed by

the abbreviation method are also structurally stable units. In some cases, they become

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abbreviations: such as “UNESCO”, “NATO”, “BBC”. The structural features of proper

nouns are consistent with the morphological norms of the Uzbek language. They are

coordinated with the rules of phonetic pronunciation, stress, and spelling in the

language, which ensures their clear and correct use. Meanwhile, proper nouns are

usually written with a capital letter in written speech, which helps to distinguish them

from common nouns. The process of word formation in linguistics also plays an

important role in the composition of proper nouns. For example, various terms or word

formations are observed from personal names: “Navoiyshunoslik”, “Zulfiya

predmidi”, “Temuridlar dari”. Although these words originate from original proper

nouns, they are transferred to the status of common nouns. This reflects the structural

dynamics in the language system. The structural features of proper nouns are based on

their syntactic independence, morphological stability and semantic individual criteria.

Although they interact with other units in the language, they retain their main function

- the role of naming (identification). Therefore, proper nouns also form a structurally

unique layer and have a stable functional position in the language system

Semantic analysis of proper nouns

Proper nouns have semantically different properties from other nouns, they denote

a unique object. They have a referential meaning, not a lexical-semantic meaning. In

other words, proper nouns perform a naming function, that is, they do not denote a

person, place or event, but rather the objects themselves. For example, the word

"Tashkent" may not have an independent lexical meaning, but as the capital of

Uzbekistan it denotes a specific object. The name "Zulfiya" is also not just a name, but

a specific poetess is associated with it. One of the semantic properties of proper nouns

is that they can have a denotative (indicative) and connotative (highly spiritual)

meaning. Their main function is to indicate an object with certainty. For example, when

we say "Amir Temur", we mean a historical figure. However, at the same time, this

proper noun is enriched with connotations such as strength, willpower, and

statesmanship. Therefore, the name "Temur" is sometimes used to describe strong

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people through similes or metaphors. Proper nouns are divided into several categories

according to their meaning. Personal identifiers - human names, surnames, and

nicknames fall into this category: Alisher Navoi, Gafur Gulom, Zulfiya. Proper nouns

denoting cultural-political objects include states, organizations, and civilizations:

Uzbekistan, the UN, the Great Silk Road. Proper nouns denoting historical-

geographical units - cities, rivers, and mountains: Samarkand, Amu Darya, Hissar

Mountains. In addition, aesthetic units (literary works, films): Alpomish, Layli and

Majnun, The fields left by my father; and technical or brand names: Names such as

Tesla, iPhone, YouTube are also semantically considered proper nouns. In linguistics,

proper nouns sometimes undergo metaphorical and metonymic shifts of meaning. For

example, the name “Temur” can be used not just as a personal name, but as a symbol

of courage: “He was the Temur of the group.” In metonymic transformation, something

related to it is used instead of a proper noun: “Today we read Navoiyni oqidik,” the

phrase refers not to the poet himself, but to his works. In modern language, proper

nouns sometimes undergo semantic devaluation, that is, their meaning is reduced or

misused. For example, the word “Google” is used as a verb to search for information

on the Internet: “I searched for this word on Google.” Or the movie “Titanic” has

entered the language as a symbol of tragedy: “This project became the Titanic.” The

semantic load of proper nouns is directly related to social and cultural phenomena.

They emdiv a national idea, historical memory, cultural heritage and ideological

expression. For example, “Zulfiya” is not just the name of a poetess, but a creative

symbol that has become the image of an Uzbek woman. “Independence Square”

embodies the symbols of freedom, progress and national unity. Thus, proper nouns

have a unique semantically layered structure, each of which plays an important role not

only in naming, but also in expressing social consciousness and culture.

Linguo-cultural characteristics of proper nouns

The linguo-cultural characteristics of proper nouns are related to their place in the

relationship between language and culture, how they are reflected in national

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consciousness and thinking, and how they transmit cultural information. Language is

not only a means of communication, it is a cultural phenomenon that expresses the

spiritual world, historical memory, values, traditions, and mentality of a nation. It is

proper nouns that express this phenomenon in the most vivid form. In the science of

linguo-cultural studies, proper nouns serve as an object of study of how culture is

encoded through language. Each proper noun, especially the name of a person, place,

or historical event, embodies the historical experience, worldview, religious-

philosophical views, and socio-political life of a particular people. For example, such

names as "Temur", "Bukhara", "Navruz", "Independence" are an integral part of the

historical memory and cultural heritage of the Uzbek people. Personal names,

especially historical figures, are a central component of cultural identity. The attitude

towards them is not only scientifically and objectively, but also emotionally,

spiritually, and spiritually rich. For example, the name "Alisher Navoiy" has become a

symbol of Uzbek literature, the tradition of ghazal writing, and the spiritual and

educational heritage. In this way, proper names acquire a cultural connotation - they

are not simple names, but units with a symbolic, historical, moral and aesthetic load.

Geographical proper names are also of great importance in the framework of

linguoculturological research. Each place name is the embodiment of historical,

geographical, ethnic and linguistic facts. Names such as "Khiva", "Fergana",

"Samarkand" are important centers in the history of the Uzbek people, and there are

legends, historical events, architectural monuments, and cultural phenomena

associated with these names. As a result, these names are important not as a language

tool, but as symbolic manifestations of the people's memory. In the

linguoculturological approach, the conceptual worldview of the people

(linguoculturological concepts) is studied through proper names. For example, the

name "Zulfiya" has become not only the name of a poetess, but also a concept that

represents the elegance, spirituality, creativity, and place of an Uzbek woman in

society. In this way, proper names reveal the connection between language and culture.

Proper names as the names of organizations, institutions, and cultural phenomena

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reflect changes in modern culture and society. For example, names such as “Youth

Union”, “Tashkent City”, “Uzbekkino”, “Alpomish Festival” represent a new social

reality, elements of national branding. They also serve as a unique symbol in

intercultural communication. From a linguo-cultural point of view, nicknames are an

important tool in the formation and preservation of national mentality. It is through

nicknames that rich linguistic information, historical and cultural experience, values

and mental states are encoded. They act as carriers of culture, because behind each

nickname lies the memory, experience and values of the people. Nicknames are also

an important element of national identity and state symbolism. For example, names

such as “Uzbekistan”, “Independence Square”, “Amir Temur Alley” evoke the

concepts of national pride, freedom, historical heritage and patriotism. Therefore, the

correct and careful use of proper nouns is a linguistic and cultural responsibility. The

linguocultural characteristics of proper nouns reveal their importance not only as a

linguistic unit, but also as a cultural phenomenon. They are one of the main signs of

the historical memory of the people, expressing social consciousness, spiritual values,

and national identity. Therefore, the study of proper nouns should be carried out not

only within the framework of linguistics, but also in a broad cultural context

.