ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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GENRES OF LITERATURE
Furqat tuman Politexnikumining ingliz
tili fani o’qituvcisi
Yoqubova Feruzaxon Nodirbek qizi
Annotation:
GENRES OF LITERATURE—DRAMA The word drama is gotten
from the Greek word “Dran” which means to do or act. Drama as a genre of literature
possesses a major feature which is action, irrespective of whether it is on a built stage
or on a village pathway as in the case of village festivals or dances. And this becomes
a unifying factor for all dramatic.
Keywords:
These genres of literature: Drama, Prose and Poetry, have their
uniqueness and peculiarities, which make them distinct from one another
Definition of Genres. The word ‘genre’ simply means branches or arms; and these
branches of literature includes Drama, Prose, and Poetry. Oftentimes, works of oral
literature serve as sources or raw materials for written literature. These genres of
literature: Drama, Prose and Poetry, have their uniqueness and peculiarities, which
make them distinct from one another. As they are all written works that are creative
and imaginative, they also possess features that are particular to a type. And this can
be represented in a diagram below. Note: Students to sketch the diagram of the Genres
of Literature displayed as learning materials in class. Diagram of literature: Students
to also sketch the diagram of Literature displayed in class also as learning materials.
Oral literature as a source of written literature: Literature is the study of man, his
feelings or emotions his needs, his relationships to his society, his contractions within
himself and his community and his responses to all these aspects. However, it takes
stories passed on via folktales, folklores from one generation to the other, to facilitate
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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Выпуск журнала №-69
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informed
written
literature.
1.
GENRES OF LITERATURE—DRAMA The word drama is gotten from
the Greek word “Dran” which means to do or act. Drama as a genre of literature
possesses a major feature which is action, irrespective of whether it is on a built stage
or on a village pathway as in the case of village festivals or dances. And this becomes
a unifying factor for all dramatic type. Drama cannot take place without characters,
therefore it is all about persons in action. FORMS/TYPES OF DRAMA Drama comes
in different kinds. They include: 1. Comedy: This is a play that is filled with a light
atmosphere and which often ends on a happy note. Examples are: “A Midsummer
Night’s Dream” by William Shakespeare, “The Blinkards” by Kobina Sekyi, and De
Graft’s “Son’s and Daughters.” 2. Tragedy: Often regarded as the opposite of comedy
because it is a drama whose atmosphere is usually serious and tense with an unhappy
ending and in most cases involves death or a calamity. E.g “Let me Die Alone” by John
Kargbo Kolosa, “Women of Owu” by Femi Osofisan and “Hamlet” by William
Shakespeare. 3. History Play: Also known as the chronicle play or Epic, its material
{what forms the play} is based on historical records. Besides presenting the history of
individuals and people, History play also glorifies the past heroic deeds of individuals
and people. Examples of history plays are: Ola Rotimi’s “Ovoranmwen Nogbaisi,
William Shakespeare’s “Julius Caesar”,Chimamanda Adichie’s “Half of a yellow sun”,
e.t.c. 4. Tragi-comedy: It is a play that combines element of tragedy and comedy. It has
a serious tone and several uneasy/tense moments but usually ends on a tone of relief.
Example: “Merchant of Vernice” by William Shakespeare. 5. Farce: A comic drama
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that uses stock characters whose actions in the play leads them near disaster but never
really get into disaster. These stock characters are regular characters but their roles may
be described by the name they bear. They are instantly recognizable to their audience.
However, the naivety of events presented in farce is mostly sacrificed in the process of
achieving excess laughter. Example is 6. Melodrama: This is a light hearted comic play
that highlights suspense and romantic feeling with characters who are usually either
clearly good or clearly bad. In this drama, belief is downplayed/made less important in
order to create excitement, sensation and shock. This kind of drama uses a musical
background to increase/height the emotional tone of a scene. Examples:” Arms and the
Man” by Benard Shaw, “The Jew of Malta” by Christopher Marlowe. 7.
Mime/Pantomime: 8. Monologue: 9. Domestic Tragedy: FEATURES OF DRAMA
The following are the features of drama. But there is no restriction toward other literary
writers or authors to use some of these features. They include: • Cast: A list of actors
and actresses given defined roles in a drama by the playwright or director. • Playwright:
The writer of a piece of drama or play. • Conflict: Another common feature of drama
often involving the protagonist and the antagonist in their rivalry and struggle for
assertion of influence or relevance. • Protagonist: A character that plays the most
prominent/famous/important role in a play or novel, often referred to as the
hero/heroine or the chief character. • Antagonist: A character in a play or novel who
opposes the protagonist rightly or wrongly. Often he/she contradicts the protagonist. •
Denouement: Also known as resolution or the unknotting of events. It is the resultant
process soon after the climax has been reached. Here the conflict in a play or novel is
finally resolved. • Catharsis: This means purgation (from ‘purging’ the original Greek
word). It is the feeling by an audience of a sense of release or the cleansing of the mind
of excess emotion, often through the shedding of tears as when a great tragedy is being
played out on stage. • Tragic Flaw: A costly mistake made by the protagonist in a play
or drama. It could also mean an in-built or inherited weakness (flaw), say pride (hubris),
which aids the downfall of the protagonist. • Plot: This is the sequential arrangement
of events in a creative work. Playwright’s often focus on the development of their plots
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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from a beginning, through the middle, to the end. Plots build up to a climax and end
with a resolution. • Action: This is an important feature of drama because drama is all
about “doing”. What stimulates/arouses action in a play is conflict. Conflict is the
disagreement between two people or two groups. When two persons hold two different
opinions, it leads to a disagreement. As the characters try to argue their points, drama
is created. Without conflict, there may not be credible dramatic actions. • Dialogue:
refers to the exchange of ideas and opinions in a play between two or more characters.
It is one of the elements of drama and it is a verbal element.
REFERENCES
1.
Inomjonovna, R. I. (2022). INTERACTIVE GAMES IN THE PROCESS OF
TEACHING ENGLISH IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
2Inomjonovna, R. I. (2022). CHARACTERISTICS OF UZBEK FOLK APPLIED
ARTS AND THEIR PLACE IN SOCIETY.
World scientific research journal
,
2
(1), 29-
32.
Inomjonovna, R. I. (2022). FINE ACTIVITIES ARE THE MAIN
