ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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MORAL ISSIUES AND MOTIVE OF LONELINESS IN KITE RUNNER
AND A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS BY KHALID HOSSEIN
PhD, Associate Professor,
Niyazova Moxichehra Xayatovna
Bukhara State University,
1st Grade Master Student,
Asia International University,
Azizova Aziza Abdurasulovna
“Tariq tucked the gun into the waist of his denims.
Then he said a thing both
lovely and terrible. "For you," he said.
"I'd kill with it for you, Laila.” ―
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns
Abstract
This study is an analysis of the aims of the protagonist’s struggle in Khaled
Hosseini’s novel A Thousand Splendid Suns. The novel tells about a wife, the
protagonist of the novel, who should live hard with a husband with bad temper.
However, the protagonist by the name of Mariam keeps being a good wife for her
husband. Furthermore, her husband has another wife. Unfortunately, the husband with
his bad temper almost kills her. The protagonist should struggle to protect her
husband’s another wife as well. The analysis is conducted by descriptive qualitative
method, in which the data are analyzed descriptively. Some theories, concepts and
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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Выпуск журнала №-69
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notions of struggle are applied in this study to support the analysis and finding. One of
the theories adopted in this study is proposed Flexner and Fitzpatrict (1996: 9) who
said that the concepts of struggle is permeated from the history, the labor movement,
and the place of working woman. It implies that the struggle of woman is rooted from
the history, the labor movement, and the place of working woman.
Key words: protagonist’s struggle, analyzed descriptively, qualitative method,
protect.
The issue of women’s rights has always been an acute topic since while women
in developed countries have the privilege of education and a career, having a sense of
security and protection, many women in developing countries are restricted in their
freedom. The novel A Thousand Splendid Suns was written by Khaled Hosseini
thirteen years ago. The author narrated the life of Mariam and Laila, who had to endure
violence, living in a constant state of fear, worrying that no matter what they do or say,
punishment will follow. Although more than a decade has passed, the life of women in
Afghanistan is still filled with injustice, and with the Taliban seizing control, they have
no access to education or any prospects of independence or stability. Thus, while the
novel by Hosseini depicts the lives of two women, it can be used to describe the
experiences of millions of women in Afghanistan and their treatment, including
domestic abuse and a complete lack of rights.
The integration and interconnecting of Afghan culture, faith, and ethnicity,
together with cultural and contemporary systems, shape the lives of women in
Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, traditional patriarchal culture is premised on women’s
roles as “keepers of the family honor,” where male regulation of women’s lives and
bodies is essential and connected to their supremacy over the female population
(Rahman 61). Such beliefs are vividly illustrated in the novel A Thousand Splendid
Suns by Hosseini through the experiences of Mariam and Laila. The two women were
married to Rasheed out of despair or coercion, and in this marriage, the women endured
both mental and physical abuse. In the end, Rasheed faced the fate he deserved, being
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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killed by Mariam. Although Laila and the children were able to escape, Mariam was
prosecuted for such a crime. Even today, this novel persists in being relevant and
enrages those who find such treatment of women unfair.
The fate of Afghan women in bearing the children and being obedient to their
husbands can be observed in the first part. In her marriage with Rasheed, Mariam had
seven miscarriages, which made the man feel worthless and inferior. The
disappointment and resentment toward Mariam manifested in physical abuse. Any
irritation quickly triggers an outburst of aggression, such as in the fifteenth chapter
when he dislikes the food that Mariam cooked for him. The author describes the horror
of the woman when by the tone of Rasheed, she already knows what will follow: “She
could feel her pulse quickening, her skin shrinking” (Hosseini 67). The following scene
shows how “he snatched her hand, opened it, and dropped a handful of pebbles into it”
(Hosseini 67). In this sense, a woman in Afghanistan is seen as the property of a man,
and no one has the right to interfere. As Rasheed told Mariam at the beginning of their
marriage in Kabul, “one wrong look, one improper word, and blood is spilled” since
“a woman’s face is her husband’s business only” (Hosseini 47). Therefore, there is no
protection for a woman, and she must only endure the pain.
As has been mentioned by other scholars, domestic violence is a global problem
that has a serious impact on women’s well-being. The root of domestic violence may
be deeply rooted in the community and the presumed traditionally dictated gender roles
in different cultures. For example, men are supposed to play the dominating position
in a patriarchal system, while women are expected to play a subordinate role. The
Afghan culture is strongly patriarchal, and males dominate all institutions, which is
why women often have poorer social standing than males do. For example, the adult
literacy rates are 55.5% for males and 29.8% for women (Akbary 4). In 2015, an
Afghan survey found that women are more likely than males to marry earlier in life
(Akbary 4). Such domination of the male population leads to early marriages and a lack
of access to proper education
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Analyzing violence in fictional texts is not a new perspective; this broad theme
has been examined in various ways. However, there is a unique approach for analyzing
the types of violence by using a non-literary theory about violence: Johan Galtung’s
violence triangle, an approach that has not yet been researched as far as I know. This
paper aims to explore a specific literary text and see how violent issues can make sense
if circumscribed by a non-literary device. The main aim is to examine how the narrative
of a novel provides examples of Galtung’s theory in literary practice―and if this
theoretical frame can make readers aware of the importance of other types of violence
at work. Galtung introduces the concept of the violence triangle in which he defines
three types that consequently follow each: the first type is called structural violence,
followed by cultural violence and with the consecutive result of the first two types, the
direct violence; a detailed description of the violence triangle is given in Galtung’s
articles on “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research” (1969) and “Cultural Violence”
(1990).
Galtung identifies structural violence as a conflict between two groups
confronting each other on different matters, including race, religion, colour, and
ethnicity. Cultural violence is explained in how members of the society are involved in
observing the first type: they start to see violence as ‘acceptable,’ even not, they do not
resist to stop it. The last type, direct violence, comes from the first two types, where
individuals are involved directly against each other during aggressive acts of beating,
hate-related actions, killing, raping, and hostile gazing. By analyzing the violence
triangle in the Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini’s work entitled A Thousand
Splendid Suns (2007), I aim to draw attention to structural and cultural violence in
promoting direct violence. By resisting and abolishing structural and cultural violence,
direct violence can be halted or controlled to diminish its destructive results in many
societies worldwide.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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The novel explores themes of resilience, forgiveness, the power of love and the
enduring strength of the human spirit. One of the most powerful messages is the
importance of finding meaning and purpose even in the darkest of times.
A Thousand Splendid Suns utilizes complex literary elements to provide insights
into the human condition. The novel illustrates the idea that people, especially women,
are more powerful together, and the bonds that they form help to cultivate hope when
despair runs rampant.
His novel A Thousand Splendid Suns depicts the plight of women behind the
walls of Afghanistan during several invasions in the country. The issue of feminism
and gender equity has been raised through the character of Mariam and Laila. Both of
their fates are connected through a tragic twist of circumstances.
Through "A Thousand Splendid Suns," he sought not only to depict the tragedies
endured by Afghan women but also to celebrate their strength and hope for renewal
amidst adversity.
While the novel has multiple themes, the universal theme of A Thousand Splendid
Suns is the oppressive treatment of women in Afghanistan. Throughout the novel,
Hosseini shows the rough treatment that Mariam, Laila, and all women in Afghanistan
have to endure.
The moral of a story is the lesson that story teaches about how to behave in the
world. Moral comes from the Latin word mores, for habits. The moral of a story is
supposed to teach you how to be a better person. If moral is used as an adjective, it
means good, or ethical.
Answer and Explanation: A Thousand Splendid Suns is a story about survival,
resilience, and the importance of love. The characters only manage to get through
unbelievably challenging situations because they are connected to one another and are
able to help each other through their struggles.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
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One conflict is Mariam's inner conflict, in which she has no self-worth until her
friendship with Laila allows her to reject this view and find value in herself and make
her own choice. Another key conflict is the ongoing wars that affect Kabul and the rest
of Afghanistan beginning in the late 1970s.’
Bibliography
Abbott, Horace Porter. 2008. The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative. 2nd ed.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Abrahams, Hilary. 2007.Supporting Women after Domestic Violence: Loss, Trauma
and Recovery. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Ahmad, Lida. 2014. “Rape and Gang Rape in War and Postwar Afghanistan1.” Revista
TEMAS 3 (8): 11–25.
Ahmadi, Shafiqa. 2015. “Theory vs. Practice: Women’s Rights and Gender Equity in
Afghanistan.” Transnational Law& Contemporary Problems 24 (2): 313–32.
Alexander, Jeffrey C. 2004. “Toward a Theory of Cultural Trauma.” In Cultural
Trauma and Collective Identity, edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, 1–30. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Andreasen, Nancy C. 2010 “Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A History and a Critique.”
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1208: 67–71
Azizova Aziza MORALITY AND RESPONSIBILITY IN THE KITE RUNNER
EduVision: Journal of Innovations in Pedagogy and Educational Advancements
Volume 01, Issue 03, March, 2025 brightmindpublishing.com ISSN (E): 3061-6972
Licensed under CC BY 4.0 a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Azizova Aziza MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Выпуск журнала
№-24 Часть–4_ Апрель –2025 275 ROLE OF FATHER IN THE WORK KHALID
HUSSEIN
