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yо‘nаlishidа, 9 tаsi аsаlаrichilik yо‘nаlishidа, 5 tаsi bаliqchilik yо‘nаlishidа, 6 tаsi bоshqа
yо‘nаlishlаrdа tаshkil еtildi.
Kооpеrаtivlаrgа 9 876 nаfаr ishsizlаr biriktirildi vа ulаrgа kооpеrаtivlаrning ustаv
fоndigа а’zоlik ulushi sifаtidа 21,8 mlrd.sо‘m subsidiyа mаblаg‘lаri о‘tkаzib bеrildi.
Хulоsа qilib аytgаndа, ish bilаn bаnd bо‘lgаnlаr sоnining kаmаyishi, iqtisоdiyоt
tаrmоqlаridа ish bilаn bаndlik tаrkibining jiddiy rаvishdа о‘zgаrishi, ish bilаn nоrаsmiy
bаndlik kо‘lаmlаrining kеngаyishidа о‘z ifоdаsini tоpаdi. Ushbu jаrаyоnlаr shаkllаnishining
qоnuniyаtlаrini аniqlаsh ijtimоiy
-
iqtisоdiy rivоjlаntirish istiqbоllаrini bеlgilаshdа mаhаlliy
miqyоsdаgi mеhnаt rеsurslаrini iqtisоdiy tаrmоqlаr о‘rtаsidа tаqsimоtini tо‘g‘ri tаshkil еtish,
yаngi tаshkil еtilаdigаn kоrхоnаlаrni rеjаlаshtirishdа аhоli sоnigа nisbаtаn prоpоrsiоnаllikni
tа’minlаsh аhоlining ish bilаn bаndligini tаrkibiy jihаtdаn о‘zgаrtirish dаstur lаrini ishlаb
chiqish nihоyаtdа muhimdir. Kеltirilgаn vаzifаlаrni аmаlgа оshirilishi о‘z nаvbаtidа mаmlаkаt
аhоlisi bаndligini tа’minlаshdа muhim аhаmiyаt kаsb еtаdi.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro‘yxati
1.
Sh.M.Mirziyoyev. Yangi O’zbekiston taraqqiyot strategiyasi asosida demokratik islohotlar yo’lini
qat’iy davom ettiramiz. “Xalq so’zi” gazetasi, 2021 yil 7 noyabr, №238 (8018).
2.
О‘zbеkistоn Rеspublikаsi Prеzidеntining “2021
-
yildа yаngi ish о‘rinlаrini tаshkil еtish vа аhоli
bаndligigа kо‘mаklаshish bо‘yichа dаvlаt dаsturi tо‘g‘risidа”gi 28.04.2021 yildаgi PQ
-5094-
sоn Qаrоri.
3.
Аbdurаhmоnоv Q. Mеhnаt iqtisоdiyоti: nаzаriyа vа аmаliyоt. Dаrslik. Qаytа ishlаngаn vа
tо’ldirilgаn 3
-
nаshri. –
T.: “FАN”, 2019. –
592 b.
4.
O’zbekiston Respublikasi davlat Statistika qo’mitasi ma’lumotlari
THE PROBLEM OF FINANCIAL LITERACY IN UZBEKISTAN AND IMPLEMENTATION
FINANCE DISCIPLINE IN EDUCATION
Nazarov Khojimurod Olimjon ugli
Tashkent State University of Economics
Faculty of Finance
The Financial literacy is a problem for population, government and for economics itself,
not only in Uzbekistan but in whole world. Essentially, it is the
ability to use one’s knowledge
and skills to effectively manage financial resources, ideally for a lifetime of financial well-
being. Indeed, financial literacy is something we all have to work on each day -
it’s part of our
ongoing education.
OECD/INFE 2020 international survey of adult financial literacy
, about
half of the EU adult population does not have a good enough understanding of basic financial
concepts. While the overall figures are low, the problem is more acute in some parts of society
than others, with the most vulnerable disproportionally affected. Low-income groups, for
instance, as well as women, young people and older people, tend to score lower than the rest
of the population when it comes to financial knowledge.
Everyone should be able to understand the risks involved when borrowing or investing
money. Financial literacy can help individuals plan for the future, make better decisions about
what to do with their money, and invest in capital markets in a way that meets their needs.
This will be even more important for individuals and businesses as the economy gradually
recovers from the COVID crisis. Financial literacy also protects individuals from over-
indebtedness, excessive risk-taking, fraud, or cyber risks. Given the importance of finance in
modern society, lacking financial literacy can be very damaging to an individual’s l
ong-term
financial success.
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From about 2000 to 2022, financial products and services have become increasingly
widespread throughout society. Despite being a relatively new field of study, financial literacy
has become increasingly important for governments and citizens
–
without it there can be
broad implications for the economic health and stability of countries.
As an example, low financial literacy has left millennials - the largest share of the
American workforce - unprepared for a severe financial crisis, according to research by the
TIAA Institute. Even among those who report having a high
only 19% answered questions about fundamental financial concepts correctly. Forty-three
percent report using expensive alternative financial services, such as
pawnshops. More than half lack an
to cover three months’ expenses, and 37%
are financially fragile (defined as unable or unlikely to be able to come up with $2,000 within
a month in the event of an emergency).
Though these may seem like individual problems, they have a wider effect on the entire
population than previously believed. All one needs is to look at the
see the financial impact on the entire
that arose from a lack of understanding of
mortgage products (creating a vulnerability to
). Financial literacy is an
issue with broad implications for economic health.
Here in Russia, the authorities are highly cognizant of this and thus partnered with the
World Bank in 2011 to start implementation a project on financial literacy and education.
Promoting responsible and rational financial behaviour is one of the main goals of the project,
along with establishing financial education infrastructure at federal and regional levels,
increasing the accountability of financial services providers, designing a national strategy,
raising awareness and strengthening institutional capacity and underlying business practices
between consumers and financial services providers.
This project focuses primarily on improving the financial literacy of school-age children
and college student. The idea being that they gain the modern required financial knowledge
and awareness of financial instruments, which then they can bring home to their families,
including seniors, and to the wider community.
Thanks to the project, financial literacy courses have been introduced in schools and
universities, with training provided to teachers and tutors across the education system. By
June 2018, over 20,000 university students and teachers from almost two-
thirds of Russia’s
regions had completed training courses in financial literacy offered by the project.
The impact of this training is reflected in the results of the 2017 Program for
International Student Assessment (PISA) survey on financial literacy. Russian students
exceeded the average international level, ranking 4th place (compared to 10th place in 2012),
which constitutes unprecedented progress and puts Russia well above the OECD average.
In February 2016, the Fund for Good Ideas was launched, which offers financial support
on a competitive basis to grass-root initiatives, and encourages innovative ways of promoting
financial education. For example, the Fund has supported summer camps for teenagers in
several of Russia’s regions, as well as special editions of popular cartoons called “Smeshariki”
on the topic of financial literacy.
Organized with support from the project, the National Savings Week for Adults and the
National Week of Financial Literacy for Children and Youth have gained significant traction in
2018
–
the latter engaging over 2.5 million children and teenagers who participated in around
25,400 events across Russia.
To support these goals, Russia’s Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank approved in
2017 the National Strategy for Financial Literacy for 2017-2023, and launched its
Implementation Road Map.
Significant steps have been taken in Russia to boost young people’s financial knowledge
and to help them make financially responsible decisions
–
decisions that are integral to their
everyday lives. At the World Bank, we are committed to supporting this important and unique
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initiative, which we believe could be successfully replicated in other countries, ultimately to
the benefit of citizens and society at large.
In USA, they established The Financial Literacy and Education Commission. The
Commission was tasked to develop a
national financial education web site
and a national strategy on financial education. The Commissi
on’s vision is of
sustained financial well-being for all individuals and families in the U.S. In furtherance of this
vision, the Commission sets strategic direction for policy, education, practice, research, and
coordination so that all Americans make informed financial decisions.
Holistically, the benefit of financial literacy is to empower individuals to make smarter
decisions. More specifically, financial literacy is important for a number of reasons.
1.
Financial literacy can prevent devastating mistakes:
different interest rates each month, while
traditional individual retirement account
tions can’t be withdrawn until retirement. Financial literacy helps
individuals avoid making mistakes with their personal finances.
2.
Financial literacy prepares people for emergencies: Financial literacy topics such as
saving or emergency preparedness get individuals ready for the uncertain. Though
losing a job or having a major unexpected expense are always financially impactful,
an individual can cushion the blow by implementing their financial literacy in
advance by being ready for emergencies.
3.
Financial literacy can help individuals reach their goals: By better understanding
how to budget and save money, individuals can create plans that set expectations,
hold them accountable to their finances, and set a course for achieving seemingly
unachievable goals. Though someone may not be able to afford a dream today, they
can always make a plan to better increase their odds of making it happen.
4.
Financial literacy invokes confidence: Imagine making a life-changing decision
without all the information you need to make the best decision. By being armed
with the appropriate knowledge about finances, individuals can approach major life
choices with greater confidence realizing that they are less likely to be surprised or
negatively impacted by unforeseen outcomes.
In conclusion I can say that developing financial literacy to improve your personal
finances involves learning and practicing a variety of skills related to budgeting, managing,
and paying off debts, and understanding credit and investment products. The good news is
that, no matter where you are in life and financially, it’s never too late to start practicing good
financial habits.
Implementation of financial literacy in education, tend to make young generation more
flexible in dealing with personal budget, expand worldview in financial markets. By making
investment in national financial market can improve volatility of traded products and the
market itself.
List of literature
1.
https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/consumer-policy/financial-literacy-and-
education-commission
2.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-literacy.asp#toc-benefits-of-financial-
3.
https://finance.ec.europa.eu/consumer-finance-and-payments/financial-literacy_en
4.
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/opinion/2018/06/21/financial-literacy-helping-
citizens-make-smart-financial-choices
