STARS International University
63
Abstract:
The article analyzes the theoretical views on the economic category
“employment of the population”. The basic models of state and regional regulation
of employment in foreign countries are studied. Recommendations are given on
the use of foreign experience in regulating employment in our country.
Key words:
population employment, unemployment, labor market, employment
programs, employment regulation models, foreign experience.
Today, the problem of ensuring the employment of the population is society
one of the most important macroeconomic characteristics of socio-economic
development one of them is of particular importance in the economy. One
of the most important issues is ensuring the employment of the population in
the context of economic modernization. Because the existence of the problem
of unemployment is an integral feature of the market economy. Therefore, the
development of measures related to the expansion of the country’s production
and further improvement of the living standards of the population by increasing
the employment of the population is one of the urgent tasks of today. In this
regard, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Sh. Mirziyoyev, in his speech
at the extended meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers, dedicated to the main results
of the socio-economic development of our country in 2016 and the most important
priorities of the economic program for 2017, emphasized the following: it is
necessary to clearly define his future workplace, salary and social conditions” The
share of labor resources in the population is high; low level of economic activity
and employment of the rural population; the majority of the jobs established in
rural areas are of a short-term and seasonal nature; of the employed population a
significant part is in low-wage industries, in the informal sector and employment in
unstable jobs; household work opportunities for increasing the number of places
are not being fully used observed. Due to the existence of these problems, the
population is unemployed today’s study of employment issues both theoretically
and practically is one of the most urgent tasks of the day.
TURAYEVA SHOIRA MUKHTAROVNA
Teacher of English teaching methodology
department, Jizzakh state pedagogical university
Email: shturaeva.english@gmail.com
KURBANOVA NASIBA SOBIR KIZI
Teacher of English teaching methodology
department, Jizzakh state pedagogical university
Email: nasibakurbanova1333@gmail.com
THEORETICAL ASPECTS
OF EMPLOYMENT OF
THE POPULATION,
CREATION OF NEW JOBS
IN THE MODERNIZATION
OF THE ECONOMY
https://doi.org/10.47689/STARS.univer-
s i t y - 5 - p p 6 1 - 6 4
«Yangi O‘zbekiston: Moliyaviy hisobotning xalqaro
standartlarini joriy etishda muvaffaqiyatli
xalqaro tajriba» 16 dekabr, 2022 yil.
64
There are many definitions of the concept of “population employment”. In
scientific literature, it is often the same as the concepts of “employment” and
“labor market” is considered. It gives a general description of the concept of “labor
market”. There are “narrow” and “broad” interpretations of this concept. Wide in
the sense - related to meeting the personal and social needs of citizens’ social-
useful activity and this activity brings him salary (income). In a narrow sense - it
is related to providing citizens with jobs a set of economic relations involving
economic activity.
Employment is an integral part of complex social policy and is focused on
the needs of people in the field of work is determined and is the main element
of increasing the income of the population is considered “Employment of the
population” of the Republic of Uzbekistan employment based on Article 2 of the
Law on personal and social, which does not conflict with the laws of the people
related to meeting their needs, pay them wages (labor income) is an activity that
brings. In most scientific literature, employment is reflected as a socio-economic
category. For example, G.S. Vechkanov and G.R. Vechkanova according to the
method of production of employment of people and economic activity describe
the relationship system as a result of participation. This is it the authors of the
“Labor Economics” textbook P.E. Shlander and Yu.P. Kokin also support the work
of people who are employed regarding the provision of a place and participation
in economic activities defined as the sum of economic relations.
“Employment” by the economists of Uzbekistan There are approaches to clarifying
the meaning of the concept. For example, Q.X. According to Abdurahmanov,
employment - related to the satisfaction of citizens’ personal and social needs that
do not conflict with legislation, they receive wages or labor income is an activity
that brings. Economist Sh.R. Kholmo‘minov in his scientific studies of population
focusing on the issues of rational employment of the population and reasonable
employment to the market balance between supply and demand for labor force
means to achieve. In this case, the possible (natural) rate of unemployment comes
into existence, he defined.
Local economists D. Rakhimova,By Kh.Abulqosimov, O.Abdurahmonov,
K.Kattaev and R.Rozmetov The given definition is somewhat broader, and this
relationship clarifies its purpose and subject. According to them, employment is
personal and social of people as an economic category satisfying their needs, their
personal interests in earning income able-bodied population with work activities
in order to realize in connection with the provision of places of employment, that
is, jobs represent the socio-economic relations.
The “employment” category under analysis is a developed market that applies
within its limits. In this case, employment means every rather than what type of
activity, but including workforce development, restrictions on entering and exiting
the labor market, etc. only aggregate types of activities are understood. Ensuring
employment of the population in our country is socio-economic one of the priority
areas of development, people’s standard of living and defined as an important
condition for quality improvement. Therefore, the national economy is stable in
our country every year development, more complete labor resources in regional
sections, and rational use, to ensure social protection of the population appropriate
programs are being adopted.
STARS International University
65
Researchers’ economic growth rate, employment, and labor productivity
industrialized based on the interrelationship between There are several policies
to promote employment in countries’ separate models. Including researchers
of employment and labor market five types of regulation: the American model
(USA), the Scandinavian model (Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway), the Anglo-
Saxon model (Great Britain, Canada, Ireland), the continental or German model
(Germany, Austria, Belgium, The Netherlands, Switzerland, partly France) and
Japanese models. But some researchers group countries differently, for example,
America without dividing the model into pieces, adding it to the Anglo-Saxon
model send. Some researchers divide countries into three models (America,
Scandinavia, and Europe).
The current model of employment in the UK is effective and efficient. It contains
several interrelated blocks: the situation of supply and demand in the labor market,
the integrated system of professional education and employment, the employment
of women and young people in the personnel market development, training and
retraining programs to increase competitiveness exit, development of targeted
public works development programs, development of unemployment insurance
funds, social security system development. Regulation of economic and social
relations in Great Britain Institutional system of large-scale semi-governmental
organizations has a network. Employment and unemployment issues are relative
to the government and considered by the labor commission acting as a consultant.
Today, statewide employment regulation is the Department of Labor carried out.
Consider the UK’s career experience is worthy. The main coordinating div
of professional activities 3.6 Work for young people, consisting of more than a
thousand consultants and their assistants is a service to provide. Training in this
field since 1949 Held in Great Britain.
In our opinion, the state in the field of job creation in our country’s policy to
reduce unemployment and socially necessary work of the population on the basis
of specific methods like foreign countries to increase employment should be
developed. For this, we think it is necessary to take into account the following
measures:
- investments made by the state in the economic stimulation, which is the main
condition for creating new jobs;
- entrepreneurs and small businesses when new jobs are created providing tax
benefits to enterprises;
- to encourage self-employment with socially necessary work;
- investment activity in small business and family businesses to create conditions
based on incentives, this is the population in many countries is being studied as an
important method of ensuring employment;
- unemployed or separated from work due to structural changes in order to
activate the job search of persons at risk of staying vocational training, retraining
and information-consulting services show;
- labor exchanges mediating the labor market and employment with the
development of services, frictional unemployment, and structural changes on
vacant jobs in order to reduce related unemployment data collection, analysis and
providing prompt access to them (information and consultation centers;
- special groups of the population - young people, disabled people, able to
«Yangi O‘zbekiston: Moliyaviy hisobotning xalqaro
standartlarini joriy etishda muvaffaqiyatli
xalqaro tajriba» 16 dekabr, 2022 yil.
66
work related to the creation of workplace conditions for people with disabilities
allocating compensations to employers to cover expenses;
- material for competence and creative attitude to work creating a stimulating
socio-economic environment; creating a conducive socio-economic environment;
- vacant from labor-intensive areas to families, when necessary, by providing
subsidies and loans for moving to areas where there are places to assist;
- international cooperation in solving employment problems, international labor
solving issues related to migration;
- in the public sector - education, medical services, utilities, jobs in the construction
of public buildings and facilities create;
- organization of targeted public works, etc.
In the conditions of deepening economic reforms, the population is unemployed
foreign on socio-economic mechanisms of increasing employment scientific
research and analysis of practices in these countries he used advanced aspects
of his experience, which are convenient for our republic Without it, it is promising
to increase the employment rate of the population allows to determine directions
and apply them in practice.
References:
1. Mirziyoev Sh.M. Tanqidiy tahlil, qat’iy tartib-intizom va shaxsiy javobgarlik –
har bir rahbar faoliyatining kundalik qoidasi bo‘lishi kerak //Xalq so‘zi, 2017 yil 16
yanvar’, №11 (6705).
2. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2017 yil 24 maydagi “Bandlik
sohasida davlat siyosatini yanada takomillashtirish va mehnat organlari faoliyati
samaradorligini tubdan oshirish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida” gi Farmoni. O‘zbekiston
Respublikasi Qonun hujjatlari to‘plami. 2017 y., 21(781)-son.
3. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2017 yil 7 fevraldagi “O‘zbekiston
Respublikasini yanada rivojlantirish bo‘yicha Harakatlar strategiyasi to‘g‘risida”gi
PF -4947-sonli Farmoni. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Qonun hujjatlari to‘plami, 2017
y., 6-son.
4. Mirziyoev Sh.M. 2019 yil uchun mo‘ljallangan eng muhim ustuvor vazifalar
haqida Oliy Majlisga Murojaatnoma. 2018 yil 28-dekabr’. http: // www. gov.uz
5. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining “Aholini ish bilan ta’minlash to‘g‘risida”gi qonuni
// www. lex.uz
6. Vechkanov G.S, Vechkanova G.R. Sovremennaya ekonomicheskaya
ensiklopediya. - SPb.: Izdatel’stvo «Lan’», 2002. – S.880.
7. Ekonomika truda: uchebnik. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. / pod red. prof. Yu.P.Kokina,
prof. P.E.Shlendera. – M.: Magistr, 2010. – S.101.
