Vol. 5 No. 04 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 04

The rapid urbanization and industrialization of large cities have led to an alarming deterioration in air quality, resulting in serious health risks for urban populations. This study explores the correlation between deteriorating air quality and the increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in major metropolitan areas. Utilizing recent data on air pollution levels and health outcomes, the study emphasizes the need for effective public health strategies to mitigate the health risks associated with air quality deterioration.

Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients with cirrhosis, and it has been linked to various complications, including frailty, muscle weakness, and poor clinical outcomes. This article explores the impact of correcting vitamin D deficiency in decompensated cirrhotic patients, with a focus on frailty improvement. Data from clinical studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation can lead to improvements in frailty scores, muscle strength, and overall functional capacity. This review highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in cirrhotic patients and the potential role of vitamin D as a therapeutic adjunct in managing frailty and improving quality of life.