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PRINCIPLES OF VOCATIONAL DIRECTION OF YOUTH IN US
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Yusupov Xamza Qurbonnazarovich
Master's student of International Nordic University,
"Management of Educational Institutions".
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12147855
Abstract:
This article provides information about the educational system of
the United States, the orientation of young people to the profession. The
conditions created for the education of young people and their place in the life of
young people, and the attention paid to the education of young generations in
the development of every society and their rise to the top are highlighted.
Key words:
school, education, educational courses, program, developed
countries, kindergarten, elementary school, public education, American
colloquial speech.
Introduction:
Introduction: All states in the United States have compulsory education
laws for children between the ages of five or eight to ten or eighteen, depending
on the state. The curriculum may vary from state to state and school district, but
all states are required by law to ensure that public school students meet the
required minimum educational standards.
Higher education institutions vary greatly in terms of the quality of
education. The 8 Ivy League universities are among the most prestigious
universities in the United States and around the world. As of 2010, the United
States had the 10th highest percentage of college-educated adults among
industrialized nations. The US literacy rate is 99% (2008), and in 2011, 46% of
those aged 25 and over had a high school diploma, and 30% had a bachelor's
degree. The main language of education is English. At about 5 years old,
American children go to elementary school (
English: elementary school
), zero
grade (
German: kindergarten
). In many states, zero grade is optional.
However, almost all American children attend kindergarten. Although
Kindergarten literally means "kindergarten" in German, in the United States,
kindergartens exist separately and are literally called preschools. Elementary
school lasts until the fifth or sixth grade (
depending on the school district
), after
which the student goes to middle school (
English: middle school
), ending with
the eighth or ninth grade, respectively.
High school (English: highschool) is grades nine through twelfth, so
Americans usually finish high school at age 18. Those with a high school diploma
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can attend community colleges. In statistics, such educational institutions are
called two-year colleges (two-year colleges), other names are also widespread:
English: community college, small college, technical college or city college. These
institutions give a scientific degree after two years of study (English: associate's
degree).
Comparable to secondary special education of the Russian Federation or
apprentice (
apprentice
) or journeyman (journeyman) qualifications in a number
of other countries, including Canada. But unlike the Russian Federation, where
you can start studying at such an educational institution after the 9th grade, you
can enter the US college only after completing secondary education.
Another option for continuing your education is to attend a college or
university, where you can usually earn a bachelor's degree in four years. Those
with a bachelor's degree can further study for a master's degree (2-3 years) or a
PhD (3 years or more). Specially accredited faculties and universities (
post-
graduate schools
) that require special preparation at the undergraduate level for
admission award the degrees of doctor of medical sciences and doctor of
jurisprudence.
Free public schools are primarily governed by democratically elected
school boards, each of which has jurisdiction over a school district, often (but
not always) bounded by a county or city. boundaries and includes one or more
schools at each level. School boards determine school programs, hire teachers,
and determine program funding.
States regulate education within their borders, set standards and exams for
students. Public education is also publicly funded at various levels (
usually by
the state)
, but not included in school districts, not controlled by school boards,
and other state regulations.
Most of the children study in public schools. For example, in 2013, about 87
percent of school-age children were educated in free public schools, about 10
percent in private schools, and 3 percent at home. However, using a non-
registered free school in the US is prohibited, even if it appears to be "premium".
Many private fee-paying schools are religious. The most widespread network of
Catholic schools established by Irish immigrants in the second half of the 19th
century. There are other private schools, often very expensive and sometimes
highly competitive, to prepare students for admission to prestigious universities.
There are even online schools like Phillips Exeter Academy in New
Hampshire that attract students from all over the country. About 3% of parents
choose to homeschool their children for various reasons. In English, this is
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debated as homeschooling (
home, a form of family education
). Some religious
conservatives do not want their children to be taught ideas they disagree with,
most commonly the theory of evolution. Others believe that their schools cannot
meet the needs of their underachieving or otherwise gifted children.
From 2002-2003 to the 2003-2004 academic year, tuition fees in public higher
education institutions increased by 14 percent, and in private higher education
institutions by 6 percent, which is more than the rate of inflation during the
same period. In American colloquial speech, all universities are usually called
colleges (English: college), even though they are not colleges but universities.
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