МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
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ON THE ISSUE OF PREVENTION OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES
MELLITUS
Achilova I.K.
Abdullaeva D.G.
Urgench branch of the Tashkent Medical Academy
Tashkent Medical Academy
ORCID NO: 0000-0002-0858-4210
E.mail: abdullaeva.dg1976@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13927351
Annotation
Gestational diabetes mellitus is currently defined as a disease
characterized by hyperglycemia, first detected during pregnancy. Hyperglycemia
is one of the most common conditions that women face during pregnancy. The
diet must be based on the list of permitted foods. A well-chosen diet and
sufficient physical activity help prevent the development of complications of
gestational diabetes mellitus.
Key words:
gestational diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, obesity,
prevention.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease characterized by
hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose levels), which was first identified
during pregnancy. Most often, a woman’s glycemia normalizes after childbirth,
but there remains a high risk of developing diabetes mellitus in subsequent
pregnancies and in the future.
GDM during pregnancy is a fairly common disease in the world in general.
The incidence of hyperglycemia during pregnancy, according to international
studies, is up to 18%.
Obesity is an important health problem in many countries. Obesity is
currently considered as a multifactorial, chronic, relapsing disease associated
with the development of a number of diseases that reduce a person's life
expectancy and reduce its quality. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism can
develop in any pregnant woman, taking into account the hormonal and
metabolic changes that consistently occur at different stages of pregnancy. But
the highest risk of developing gestational diabetes is in pregnant women with:
overweight/obesity and age over 25 years; the presence of diabetes in close
relatives; disorders of carbohydrate metabolism identified before the current
pregnancy (impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glycemia, gestational
diabetes in previous pregnancies; birth of a child weighing more than 4000 g).
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
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At the birth of children with diabetic fetopathy, the following are more
common: macrosomia (newborn weight ≥4000 g, or ≥90th percentile in preterm
pregnancy); violation of adaptation to extrauterine life, which is manifested by
the immaturity of the newborn even with a full-term pregnancy and its large
size; respiratory disorders; asphyxia; hypoglycemia of the newborn;
organomegaly (enlarged spleen, liver, heart, pancreas); cardiomyopathy
(primary damage to the heart muscle); jaundice; disturbances in the blood
coagulation system, the content of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood
increases; metabolic disorders (low blood glucose, calcium, potassium,
magnesium values).
In children born to mothers with undiagnosed, uncompensated
gestational diabetes mellitus, the following are more common: neurological
diseases (cerebral palsy, epilepsy) due to birth trauma; during puberty and
beyond, the risk of developing obesity, metabolic disorders (in particular
carbohydrate metabolism), and cardiovascular diseases is increased.
On the part of a pregnant woman with gestational diabetes mellitus, the
following are more common: polyhydramnios; urinary system infections;
toxicosis of the second half of pregnancy (a pathological condition that develops
in the second half of pregnancy and is manifested by the appearance of edema
and increased blood pressure) etc.
GDM does not have any clinical manifestations associated with
hyperglycemia (dry mouth, thirst, increased volume of urine excreted per day,
itching, etc.), and therefore active detection of this disease is required in all
pregnant women.
Conclusion
. Prevention of diseases associated with pathology in women, proper
nutrition helps prevent GDM in pregnant women
References:
1.
Мищенко О. И., Крюков П. М., Мозес К. Б., Мозес В. Г., Елгина С. И.,
Рудаева Е. В., & Черных Н. С. (2020). Диабетическая фетопатия – патогенез,
прогнозирование, перинатальные и неонатальные исходы. Мать и дитя в
Кузбассе, (1 (80)), 4-9. doi: 10.24411/2686-7338-2020-10002
2.
Abdullaeva, D. G., & Ikromova, N. I. (2023). Living Well: Understanding the
Tapestry of Obesity Risks. American Journal of Pediatric Medicine and Health
Sciences
(2993-2149),
1(10),
480–486.
Retrieved
from
https://grnjournal.us/index.php/AJPMHS/article/view/2254
3.
https://grnjournal.us/index.php/AJPMHS/article/view/2254/1957
