МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
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PRODUCTION OF FERTILIZERS BASED ON OXIDIZED BROWN
COAL AND PHOSPHATE RAW MATERIALS
Qudratov Javohir Jahongir o‘g‘li
Chirchik State Pedagogical University
Faculty of Physics and Chemistry
3rd year student of Chemistry Education
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0623-2433
qudratovjahongirovichjavohir@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15356358
Abstract:
Organomineral fertilizers were obtained based on the Central
Kyzylkum phosphorite raw material. For the study, samples of oxidized coals of
Angren brown coal were taken. The technical composition and humic acid
content of the coal were determined using standard methods. During the co-
grinding of phosphate ores with oxidized coal, brown coal significantly increases
the content. An increase in the content of citric and water-soluble forms of
phosphate was observed.
Keywords:
Renewable energy sources, solar panels, solar panel output
power, solar panel operation.
Introduction
Coal mining wastes—oxidized coals—represent a significant source of
essential organic matter and are increasingly utilized to stabilize the humus
status of soils [1]. In the Angren region, known for its brown coal deposits, there
exist substantial reserves of oxidized coals rich in humic acids, with
concentrations reaching up to 80%. This high humic acid content renders them
highly promising for conversion into organomineral fertilizers.
In parallel, the Central Kyzylkum region is endowed with valuable mineral
resources, among which phosphorites stand out as key agrochemical raw
materials. However, the beneficiation of low-grade phosphate ores to extract
useful components presents notable technological challenges. These include
high operational costs and the resultant formation of waste concentrate
stockpiles, which give rise to both economic and social concerns. Furthermore,
the processing of such ores generates significant volumes of waste materials,
contributing to environmental pollution [2].
Under current ecological and economic constraints, there is a pressing need
to develop low-waste, environmentally sustainable approaches for processing
both coal and phosphate raw materials. One such approach is the mechanical
activation of oxidized brown coals in combination with phosphate materials.
This method has demonstrated potential for enhancing the reactivity and
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compatibility of raw materials, thus improving processing efficiency. The
application of energy-efficient mechanical devices in this context further
contributes to optimizing the technological process and reducing environmental
impact [3].
Research Methods
The composition of humic acids extracted from brown coal samples
obtained from the Angren deposits has been determined through technical and
elemental analysis. The results are as follows (in %): moisture – 35.83; ash –
16.63; carbon – 51.11; hydrogen – 3.26; nitrogen – 3.76; oxygen and sulfur
(combined) – 41.87. In addition, the content of key functional groups has been
quantified: carboxyl groups (–COOH) at 5.02 mg-eqv/g and hydroxyl groups (–
OH) at 4.64 mg-eqv/g.
These data highlight the chemical and structural potential of the oxidized
coal for application in the production of organomineral fertilizers. The relatively
high carbon content and the presence of active functional groups such as
carboxyl and hydroxyl moieties suggest strong complexation and ion-exchange
capabilities, which are critical for nutrient binding and gradual release in soils.
The substantial moisture content and moderate ash levels are consistent with
the properties of humic acids derived from low-rank brown coals.
Notably, compositional differences between coal samples taken from the
upper and lower strata of the deposit were observed, particularly in terms of
oxygen content, which plays a significant role in the formation and structure of
humic acids. The studied coals are categorized as having an average
humification level, indicating an intermediate stage in organic matter
transformation.
Technological Evaluation and Fertilizer Production
A series of technological experiments were carried out to explore the
potential of combining natural phosphate raw materials with oxidized brown
coal for the production of organomineral fertilizers. The focus of the
investigation was on assessing the influence of various operational
parameters—particularly the coal-to-phosphorite ratio—on the solubility and
availability of phosphorus (P₂O₅) in the final product.
The results indicated that the phosphate activation process is highly
sensitive to the ratio of coal to phosphorite. Among the evaluated formulations,
the ratio of coal to phosphorite (k : f) = 1:2 emerged as the most optimal. At this
ratio, the quantity of phosphorus soluble in citric acid or lime—a key indicator
of plant-available phosphorus—increased significantly. Specifically, the
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availability of P₂O₅ reached up to 36.5%, nearly doubling compared to untreated
phosphate material.
This enhanced solubility underscores the role of humic substances derived
from oxidized coal in activating phosphate ores. These substances are known to
possess functional groups (such as carboxyl and hydroxyl) capable of chelating
metal ions and forming soluble organophosphate complexes. Notably, this
activation occurs without the need for conventional chemical oxidation or acid
treatments, making the method both cost-effective and environmentally
sustainable.
Thus, the synergistic use of oxidized brown coal and low-grade phosphate
raw materials presents a viable pathway for producing high-efficiency, low-
waste organomineral fertilizers suitable for modern sustainable agriculture.
Results
The technological process for producing organomineral fertilizers is based
on the mechanical blending of natural components—specifically, the grinding
and homogenization of phosphate raw materials with oxidized brown coal. This
method utilizes a low-energy, solid-phase approach that enhances the reactivity
of both constituents without the need for aggressive chemical treatments.
The resulting product contains up to 9% of water-soluble substances,
indicating a high degree of nutrient availability. The presence of humic acids
from the coal matrix facilitates the mobilization of phosphorus and other
micronutrients, improving their accessibility to plants. Preliminary agronomic
evaluations and greenhouse trials have demonstrated a positive impact on plant
growth and development, suggesting the effectiveness of the formulation.
Importantly, when applying the developed organomineral fertilizer in
agricultural systems, it is necessary to compare and validate its performance
against existing commercial organomineral fertilizers. Field trials are essential
for determining its agronomic efficiency, nutrient release kinetics, and
environmental safety under real-world conditions. These trials provide critical
data to optimize application rates, assess soil-plant interactions, and ensure the
long-term sustainability of fertilizer use.
Discussion
Experimental data indicate that the application of organomineral fertilizers
significantly enhances plant productivity. In the case of radish cultivation, the
dry biomass increased notably when organomineral fertilizers were applied at
concentrations ranging from 32% to 34%. These values reflect a measurable
improvement in biomass accumulation compared to the control group.
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The control treatment involved seed priming with a 0.001% aqueous
solution of sodium humate, applied at a rate of 0.6 kg/m². This served as a
baseline to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed organomineral
formulations.
In potato cultivation, the effect of organomineral fertilizer application
varied depending on the dosage. The increase in yield ranged from 18.6% to
39.7%, with the most pronounced effect observed at a fertilizer application rate
of 6 tons per hectare. This dosage was identified as the optimal rate, balancing
both agronomic efficacy and economic viability. The findings suggest that
organomineral fertilizers not only contribute to improved nutrient uptake but
also stimulate physiological processes essential for crop development.
These results reinforce the potential of organomineral fertilizers derived
from oxidized brown coal and phosphate raw materials as sustainable and
effective soil amendments in modern agriculture.
Conclusions
The optimal regime for phosphorite activation was established through the
joint dry grinding of oxidized brown coal and apatite concentrate at a mass ratio
of 1:2. The mechanical activation process was conducted over a duration of 15
minutes, with a sample-to-grinding-div mass ratio of 1:15. Under these
conditions, the solubility of phosphorus—measured as absorbable P₂O₅—
reached 36.5%, indicating a significant enhancement in phosphate availability
due to mechanical activation.
Based on the optimized processing conditions, an experimental batch of
organomineral fertilizer was synthesized and subjected to field trials. The
results demonstrated a substantial positive impact on agricultural productivity.
Specifically, the application of the fertilizer led to a 34% increase in the dry mass
yield of radish and a 39.7% increase in potato tuber yield. These outcomes
confirm the efficacy of the developed organomineral fertilizer in enhancing crop
growth and nutrient utilization under field conditions.
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