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UDC 581.1
PECULIARITIES OF THE INTENSITY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND
TRANSPIRATION OF SOY LEAVES
Umirzaqova Gulmira Egamberdi kizi
1st year master's student of Termez State Pedagogical Institute.
Surkhandaryo, Uzbekistan
Annotation:
The paper presents the results of field and vegetation experiments on the study of
the relationship of photosynthetic and transpiration activity of soybean leaves in Surkhandarya
region.
Key words:
soybean varieties, photosynthesis, leaves, transpiration, tiered variability
Introduction:
Adaptation plays a huge role in plant resistance to various climatic
factors. To study the mechanisms of plant adaptation, it is necessary to take into account not
only morphological, but also physiological properties. The intensity of transpiration and
photosynthesis, the work of the stomatal apparatus are the most important physiological
processes that contribute to the adaptation and protection of the plant organism from adverse
environmental conditions. It is known that transpiration provides cells with water and facilitates
the movement of minerals absorbed from the soil by the roots. In addition, transpiration protects
plants from overheating.
[1].
Photosynthesis and transpiration of leaves are two of the most important physiological
processes that are closely related to each other, and they ensure the ability of plants not only to
survive in difficult conditions, but also to develop fully. It is known that transpiration is one of
the important and necessary physiological processes in plants, which protects plants from
overheating and dehydration in dry and hot weather conditions, as well as the movement of
water and substances dissolved in water throughout the plant div, it is important in gas
exchange [2]. A highly transpiring leaf has a temperature about 7 °C lower than a non-
transpiring wilting leaf[3].
It has been found that the total water content in plants with modeintensity humidity
varies throughout the day. It is closely related to the intensity of transpiration. Depending on the
amount of water spent in the process of transpiration, it is possible to determine the water
demand and need of one or another plant. When determining the amount of water used for
transpiration, it is necessary to take into account several factors. Including the mass and volume
of the root system, the mass of the above-ground organs of the plant, the osmotic pressure of
the root cell juice, the depth of underground seepage, the amount of precipitation, the
temperature and relative humidity of the air, the moisture reserve in the soil, the value of the
water potential of plants, etc. The intensity of transpiration determines the position of the
stomata and the amount of water in the leaves, as well as the degree of water supply of plants.
In some cases, as a result of rapid dehydration of the leaves, the stomata are unable to control
water consumption. As a result, the photosynthetic activity of leaves decreases [4].
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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The role of photosynthesis is that it is the main natural source of renewable energy, as a
result of which up to 95% of organic matter is formed in crops [5]. This process is associated
with the entry of carbon dioxide and water molecules through the stomata of plant leaves and
transpiration [6].
The intensity of photosynthesis in the leaves of the studied soybean varieties was
determined three times during the day, that is, at 900 in the morning, at 1300 in the afternoon,
and at 1700 in the evening. The results of the experiments revealed that the speed of
photosynthesis in the leaves of soybean plants grown in vegetative containers changes
depending on the new characteristics of the plant, development periods and changes during the
day. Also, it was observed that there is a difference in different levels during the flowering
period (in the leaves of the upper level compared to the lower level, the intensity of
photosynthesis is higher).
Taking into account the above, we conducted studies aimed at determining the specific
characteristics and interrelationships of the appearance of photosynthesis and transpiration
intensitys in soybean plants.
Research object and methods
. Research work was carried out in the conditions of field
and vegetation experiments. Researches were carried out in the fields of Surkhondarya
Scientific Experimental Station of the Scientific Research Institute of Cotton Selection, Seeding
and Cultivation. 4 promising (domestic Baraka, To'maris Man-60, Ustoz MM-60 and foreign
Vilana) soybean varieties were used as objects of research. Experimental experiments were
carried out in field conditions in 24 m
2
plots with four returns.
Determining the speed of photosynthesis was determined by the half-leaf method of
determining the dry matter formed in the process of photosynthesis recommended by Yu.Saks
[7].
The transpiration intensity of soybean plant leaves was determined by the method of
rapid withdrawal on a torsion balance (L.A. Ivanov's method) [8]. Determination of the
intensity of transpiration was carried out on the basis of three repetitions from 8 am to 8 pm.
Mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained experimental data was carried out using
modern computer programs.
The purpose of the research
is to reveal the characteristics of photosynthetic and
transpiration activity of soybean leaves during the growth and development period (flowering
phase) and according to the location of the stalks (tiers).
Research results and its discussion.
Studies have confirmed that there is a close
positive relationship between photosynthetic and transpiration intensitys of soybean leaves.
This relationship was clearly visible in all new plants during the flowering phase of their
development. The results of observation are listed in Table 1.
Table- 1
Indicators of transpiration intensity (TI) and photosynthesis intensity (PI) of soybean
plant leaves during the flowering phase
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According to the data obtained on the basis of vegetative experiments, when the plants
entered the flowering period of development, it was observed that the intensity of transpiration
of the leaves increased sharply in the variety Ustoz MM-60, and it was relatively low in the
variety To'maris MAN-60. Similarly, a change in the intensity of photosynthesis was observed.
That is, at the flowering stage, the value of these parameters is 4.85 mol H
2
O/m
2
h and (PI) 9.7
mg/m
2
h in Baraka variety (TI); In Tomaris MAN-60 variety (TI) 3.35 mol H
2
O/m
2
h and (PI)
7.1 mg/m
2
h; Ustoz MM-60 variety (TI) 5.35 mol H
2
O/m
2
h and (PI) 10.5 mg/m
2
h; In the Vilana
variety, it was noted that (TI) was 4.21 mol H
2
O/m
2
h and (PI) was 8.42 mg/m
2
h.
In addition, during this period, the highest transpiration activity occurs in the leaves
located in the upper layer(s) of plants, such as the youngest leaves. Their transpiration intensity
(from the top to the 3rd joint of the main stem) is from 5.35 to 3.35 mol H
2
O/m
2
hour, in the
middle layer - from 4.1 to 2.8 mol H
2
O/m
2
hour, and in the lower layer - from 3.5 to 2 The
intensity of transpiration was observed up to . 6 mol H
2
O/m
2
hour. That is, it was noted that the
transpiration activity of the upper leaves was on average 1.5 times higher than that of the lower
leaves (Table 2).
Dependence of the transpiration intensity (TI) of soybean leaves on the arrangement of
tiers during the flowering phase. mol H
2
O/m
2
h
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According to long-term field studies, it was found that the speed of photosynthesis of
the leaves located from the top to the 3rd generation differs from the lower levels, as well as the
speed of transpiration. That is, the intensity of photosynthesis in the upper tiers is from 10.5 to
7.1 mg/m
2
h, in the middle tier - from 7.95 to 5.82 mg/m
2
h, and in the lower tier - from 4.28 to
3.21 mg/m
2
h. observed (Table 3).
This variation in the intensity of photosynthesis and transpiration by tiers is undoubtedly
explained by the fact that the lower leaves are older and the processes of changes in metabolism
during the period of seed filling begin to be actively manifested in them, which, in particular,
leads to a sharp deterioration of permeability in the stomata and, as a result, to a change and
decrease in the activity of photosynthesis and transpiration.
Table 3
Photosynthesis intensity (PI) of soybean leaves during the flowering phase depends on the
arrangement of layers (mg/m
2
h)
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When comparing the intensity of transpiration to the intensity of photosynthesis in the
Baraka variety, it is 4.85 mol H
2
O/m
2
h - 9.7 mg/m
2
h in the upper layers, 3.53 mol H
2
O/m2h -
7.77 mg/m
2
h in the middle layer, and up to 7.77 mg/m
2
h in the lower layer. and in the layer -
3.4 mol H
2
O/m2h - 4.03 mg/m
2
h ratio was recorded (Table 4).
Table - 4
Comparative ratio of transpiration intensity (mol H
2
O/m
2
h) and photosynthesis intensity
(mg/m
2
h) in Baraka variety
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When comparing the intensity of transpiration to the intensity of photosynthesis in
Tomaris MAN-60 by tiers, respectively, in the upper tiers it is 3.35 mol H
2
O/m
2
h - 7.1 mg/m
2
h,
in the middle tier - 2.8 mol H
2
O/m2h - 5.82 mg/ up to m
2
h, and in the lower layer - 2.6 mol
H
2
O/m2h - 3.21 mg/m
2
h was recorded (Table 5).
Table -5
Comparative ratio of transpiration intensity (mol H
2
O/m
2
h) and photosynthesis intensity
(mg/m
2
h) in Tomaris MAN-60 Variety
When comparing the intensity of transpiration to the intensity of photosynthesis in Ustoz
MM-60 by tiers, respectively, in the upper tiers it is 5.35 mol H
2
O/m
2
h - 10.05 mg/m
2
h, in the
middle tier - 4.1 mol H
2
O/m
2
h - 7.95 mg/ m
2
h, and in the lower layer - 3.5 mol H
2
O/m
2
h - 4.28
mg/m
2
h (table 6).
Table - 6
Comparative ratio of transpiration intensity (mol H
2
O/m
2
h) and photosynthesis intensity
(mg/m
2
h) in Ustoz MM-60 variety
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When comparing the intensity of transpiration and the intensity of photosynthesis in
Vilana variety by tiers, respectively, in the upper tiers, 4.21 mol H
2
O/m
2
h - 8.42 mg/m
2
h, in the
middle tier - 3.2 mol H
2
O/m2h - up to 6.81 mg/m
2
h. , and in the lower layer - 2.9 mol H
2
O/m2h
- 3.63 mg/m
2
h ratio was recorded (Table 7).
Table 7
Comparative ratio of transpiration intensity (mol H
2
O/m
2
h) and photosynthesis intensity
(mg/m
2
h) in Vilana variety
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Summary.
Thus, the conducted research gives us the basis to come to the same
conclusion in soybean varieties, as in other agricultural crops. In soybean plants, the intensity of
photosynthesis and the intensity of leaf transpiration are closely related to each other and
mainly depend on the location of the leaves on the plant, the time of day, the increase in
temperature and relative humidity.
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