INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2013
SEMANTIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ETIQUETTE
PHRASEOLOGISMS IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
Nurillayeva Shahzoda Shukrulloyevna
Independent researcher at the Karshi State University
Annotation:
This article explores the semantic structure and cultural-artistic connotation of
Uzbek phraseological units related to ethics and morality. It analyzes how the moral views,
educational principles, religious and national values of the people are expressed through
figurative language. The research employs descriptive-linguistic, contextual, classificatory, and
linguocultural analysis methods. The results show that these units serve as semantic keys to the
people's worldview and spiritual consciousness. Furthermore, the article highlights the
educational and ideological significance of phraseological expressions in shaping the moral
character of the younger generation.
Key words:
phraseological units, etiquette, linguoculturology, semantics, folk thought, national
values, upbringing, cultural connotation.
INTRODUCTION
Language is an expression of human thought and a mirror of a nation’s spiritual and moral
world.
It reflects the values, moral norms, and life experiences of a society not only through lexical
units but also through figurative expressions — phraseological units. In particular, the widely
used ethics-related phraseologisms in the folk language emdiv national moral ideals, norms of
communication, and principles of upbringing. “Phraseological units present language as a
mirror of national thinking. Through them, moral, cultural, and mental values are conveyed in
an integrated manner.”
In the spiritual heritage of the Uzbek people, the concepts of etiquette and morality have
always held a central place.
Expressions such as “Politeness opens doors,” “Control your tongue,” “Do not hurt others’
feelings,” and “Respect the elders, honor the young” are vivid examples of the moral norms
rooted in the national mindset. These expressions not only reflect the semantic richness of the
Uzbek language but also mirror the cultural and national consciousness of the people..
This article, along with the semantic analysis of ethical phraseologisms in the Uzbek language,
studies their cultural characteristics. The historical experience, moral views, social position and
upbringing traditions of the people play an important role in the formation of phraseological
units. “The expression of moral concepts through language is characteristic of each culture,
which allows us to study phraseological units as semantic codes of culture.”
.
The main goal of the study is to determine the internal content, semantic structure and cultural
and artistic connotation of etiquette phraseologisms, as well as to show the place of such units
1
Yusupova, Z. (2016). Til va madaniyat: frazeologik birliklarning semantik aspekti. Toshkent:
Ma’naviyat.
2
Jo‘raev, N. (2009). O‘zbek tilida axloqiy frazeologizmlar. Toshkent: Fan.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2014
in the moral worldview of the people. The article uses descriptive-linguistic, contextual,
classification, as well as linguoculturological analysis methods.
METHODS
This article uses several linguistic and cultural-historical analysis methods to study the semantic
and cultural characteristics of etiquette phraseologisms in the Uzbek language. The main focus
of the study was on identifying the lexical-semantic structure of these units, their place in the
national psyche, and their educational and spiritual significance.
1.Descriptive-linguistic method
With the help of this method, phraseological units related to ethics and morality were analyzed
lexically, and their structural composition, key components, as well as morphological and
syntactic features were identified.
.
2.Contextual analysis
By examining how phraseological units are used in literary texts, spoken language, and folk
proverbs, their subtle meanings and functional loads were identified. The speech function of
each expression was analyzed based on its context.
.
3.Classification method
The expressions were divided into several groups based on their semantic features:
Units expressing modesty and humility
Units related to respect and norms of communication
Expressions of concerning verbal etiquette and self-restraint
Through this classification, the functional and moral distinctions between the expressions were
clearly identified. “The criteria for classifying phraseological units are not universal, but
culturally shaped”.
4. Linguocultural approach
“Linguoculturological analysis reveals the semantic connection between cultural concepts and
language units”.
The meaning of phraseological expressions was examined not only from a linguistic perspective,
but also within the context of the people's historical, cultural, religious, and moral worldview.
This approach made it possible to evaluate phraseologisms as products of national
consciousness..
RESULTS
In the course of the research, a number of widely used ethics-related phraseologisms in the
Uzbek language were studied, and their semantic structure, cultural connotation, and social
functions were identified. The main findings are presented below:
1.
Phraseologisms within the concept of ethics and morality were semantically
divided into three main groups:
Group
Thematic direction
Examples
a) Self-restraint and
modesty
Humility,
honor,
and
preserving one’s dignity
To preserve one’s dignity, to keep
oneself composed, and to control
one’s tongue
3
Jo‘raev, N. (2009).
O‘zbek tilida axloqiy frazeologizmlar
. Toshkent: Fan.
4
Tursunov, B. (2011). Frazeologiya va uning tarbiyaviy imkoniyatlari. Toshkent: TDPU.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2015
b) Etiquette and respect
Showing respect to elders and
treating
the
young
with
kindness
Respect the elder, honor the
younger, listen, not to hurt
someone’s feelings
c) Violation of moral
norms
Rudeness and inappropriate
behaviour
To enter and shake the dust off,
not to speak watching someone’s
mouth
"This classification clearly demonstrates the role of phraseological units in expressing moral
values."
2. According to the results of semantic analysis:
In most expressions,
connotative meaning
plays a central role. That is, they not only
convey information but also express
moral judgment
.
For example, the expression “Tiliga ixtiyor bermaslik” (not controlling one’s tongue) implies a
negative evaluation of a person who speaks thoughtlessly.
Through phraseological units, moral standards and social norms are internalized in the
consciousness.
They serve as direct tools for promoting ethical principles. “Culture-specific phraseologisms
typically express implicit or indirect moral norms and are rich in connotative meaning”
.
3. Based on linguocultural approach:
The analyzed phraseological units are closely connected within the Islamic moral values
of the Uzbek people, Eastern norms of etiquette, and the socio-cultural relationships within the
family and community
Over the centuries, they have held a firm place in oral folk tradition and have developed
as tools of moral education.
Such expressions are powerful semantic units that linguistically convey the Uzbek people’s
core life motto: “Above all, be a good human being!”.
DISCUSSION
The research findings show that Uzbek phraseological units related to ethics and morality are
deeply rooted in the moral consciousness of the people and reflect their spiritual and aesthetic
outlook. These units are not only elements that enrich the lexical wealth of the language but
also serve as
semantic keys
to the moral education of the nation.
1. The educational significance of idioms of etiquette Through idioms, moral norms are
instilled into the mind in a figurative way, without direct explanation. For example, through
phrases such as “Do not let your tongue be free” or “Restrain yourself”, the concepts of
violating etiquette or self-control are expressed with a clear assessment. These phrases serve as
an important tool in the moral formation of the younger generation and instilling in them social
criteria consciously.
2. Expression of National Mentality and the Culture of Social Interation
These expressions reveal the subtle norms that govern social relationships within the
community. Phraseologisms such as “Respect the elder, honor the young”, “Do not hurt other’s
5
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2003). Metaphors We Live By (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2016
feelings”, and “Preserve one’s dignity” form a cultural model of Uzbek society based on social
balance, compassion, and mutual respect
. This provides grounds for interpreting the concept of
ethics and morality not merely as a set of moral principles, but as a criterion for ensuring social
stability
.
3. Language as a mirror of moral consciousness and national heritage
Phraseological units are closely connected with the historical memory, religious worldview, and
cultural values of the people. Concepts from Islamic ethics such as modesty (hayo), courtesy,
and speaking with wisdom are reflected in our language through figurative expressions. This
affirms once again the necessity of studying phraseologisms as
linguoculturological
phenomena
.
4. Its place in the modern context In today’s era of globalization, where certain moral norms
are losing their value, the preservation of such phraseologisms in social consciousness and their
promotion through school education and mass media is extremely important. Therefore, it is
essential to study phraseological units related to ethics and morality not only as linguistic
elements, but also as
moral and ideological resources
.
CONCLUSION
This research aimed to reveal the semantic and cultural features of phraseological units related
to ethics and morality in the Uzbek language. The analyses showed that these expressions are
not only tools that enhance the figurative richness of the language, but also essential linguistic
units that emdiv the moral views, national mentality, and educational traditions of the people.
These following conclusions were drawn:
1.
Ethical phraseological expressions in the Uzbek language have traditionally formed
within the folk language and serve to express and promote values such as modesty, decency,
respect, and cultural norms of communication. They are a constant part of oral speech culture
and are rooted in the people’s historical and aesthetic experience.
2.
Phraseological units were classified semantically and, based on their function, carry
cultural and moral connotations. In everyday speech, they are actively used as educational tools
and have a direct impact on the consciousness of the younger generation.
3.
During the research, the linguoculturological features of these expressions were also
revealed — that is, they reflect the historical memory, religious beliefs, and national identity of
the people. These phraseologisms serve as an encoded form of the people's collective
worldview
.
4.
Through an in-depth study of such units, it is possible to showcase the moral and
aesthetic richness of the Uzbek language and develop effective methodological approaches for
instilling these values in the younger generation. This makes them a significant research subject
6
Qodirova, S. (2018). “O‘zbek xalq maqollarida axloqiy qadriyatlar ifodasi.” Filologiya masalalari, №2,
67–71
7
Sharifian, F. (2017). Cultural Linguistics: Cultural Conceptualisations and Language. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins.
8
Sharifian, F. (2017). Cultural Linguistics: Cultural Conceptualisations and Language.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 2017
not only in linguistics, but also in fields such as pedagogy, cultural studies, psycholinguistics,
and the formation of national pride
Therefore, the study of phraseological units related to ethics and morality holds significant
scientific and practical importance not only from a linguistic perspective, but also in terms of
cultural-ideological education, national identity, and communicative ethics.
Used materials:
1. Yusupova, Z. (2016). Til va madaniyat: frazeologik birliklarning semantik aspekti.
Toshkent: Ma’naviyat.
2. Jo‘raev, N. (2009). O‘zbek tilida axloqiy frazeologizmlar. Toshkent: Fan.
3. Tursunov, B. (2011). Frazeologiya va uning tarbiyaviy imkoniyatlari. Toshkent: TDPU.
4. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2003). Metaphors We Live By (2nd ed.). Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
5. Qodirova, S. (2018). “O‘zbek xalq maqollarida axloqiy qadriyatlar ifodasi.” Filologiya
masalalari, №2, 67–71.
6. Tursunov, B. (2011). Frazeologiya va uning tarbiyaviy imkoniyatlari. Toshkent: TDPU.
7. Sharifian, F. (2017). Cultural Linguistics: Cultural Conceptualisations and Language.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
8. Wierzbicka, A. (2006). English: Meaning and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. Mamatov, A. (2020). O‘zbek tilida frazeologik birliklarning lingvokulturologik tahlili.
Qarshi: Nasaf.
9
Wierzbicka, A. (2006). English: Meaning and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
