Volume 02 Issue 03-2022
7
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
7-15
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
The article is devoted to the formation of visual techniques and skills in the preparation of highly qualified
teachers in the field of fine arts in higher education. It also discusses ways to improve students' skills by
working with nature and imagination in the process of working with pencils and sketches, one of the most
basic types of fine art.
K
EYWORDS
Fine arts, methodology, fine arts, technical skills, academic task, composition, line, construction.
I
NTRODUCTION
In the process of professional training of future
teachers of fine arts in higher pedagogical
education, the implementation of sketches is
carried out in stages, as in the drawing of
continuing education by the method of depiction
“From general to specific and from specific to
general”, which is the basis of fine arts.
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
METHODS OF MAKING SKETCHES IN THE PROCESS OF
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF FINE
ARTS IN HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION
Submission Date:
February 18, 2022,
Accepted Date:
March 03, 2022,
Published Date:
March 13, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-03-02
Dr. Botir B. Baymetov
Professor, Department of Fine Arts, Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute, Tashkent region, Uzbekistan
Volume 02 Issue 03-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
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Pages:
7-15
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
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)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
The final stage in the generalization of the shape
of the object being depicted is to assemble the
paper into a single unit, to clarify the whole
picture, and to bring the nursoya ratios into a
single whole, that is, to connect the depicted
shape and the width of that shape. Drawing a
short sketch from nature with its distinctive
features is mainly intended to develop the ability
to see and comprehend quickly.
Observation, perception, and sketch playback
often occur simultaneously. Therefore, it is not
necessary to talk about generalization as a final
stage of work on the sketch.
The sketches allow us to identify six types of
differentiation of the methods used in drawing.
Sketches that are performed directly from
beginning to end, observing nature.
Sketches depicted in combination (first by
nature, then by nature - by memory).
Sketches made only from memory, that is,
after some time after observation, when the
ability to see in the mind is strengthened.
Sketches of perceptions related to the ability
to revive perceptions of certain objects, living
objects,
and
surrounding
phenomena
previously perceived in the human mind.
Sketches made by a complex method, ie using
all the above methods of work, including
imaginary methods.
Imagination - drawing generalized sketches of
an image based on any creative idea or artistic
image, theme, plot, etc., reviving their ideas
about objects and events.
The second, third, and fifth types of sketches are
united by a single common feature, namely: a
more superficial and rapid observation of nature
that occurs simultaneously with sketching or
shortly before sketching (the end of which is now
unnatural, memorable, or imaginary) with an
obligatory sign coming.
If the execution time is not limited, then a sketch
drawn from such nature can become a drawing
line.
When performing sketches, the condition,
number and complexity of the object being
depicted simultaneously (at rest or in motion), in
other words, from the content of the sketch, as
well as the objective conditions encountered in
practice.
T
HE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
One of these conditions is whether or not time is
limited for nature observation and sketch
execution. This in turn depends on the immobility
of nature or the degree of excitation (speed of
movement). In other words, the method of
sketching is primarily influenced by two factors:
time and the state of nature.
In addition to these interrelated factors, the
performer and his performance (hence the
character and quality of the image in the sketch)
are also affected by external objective conditions
to which the painter must adapt (class, room or
street, production or transport, community space,
sports field, sidewalk, park, etc.).
Volume 02 Issue 03-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
Sketching of nature can be done from beginning
to end only under one condition, that is, when
nature is completely motionless.
Such nature is primarily an inanimate object (e.g.,
works of art, sculptures, architectural structures,
ornaments, vegetables, fruits, flowers, trees,
mountain rocks and some types of landscaping, as
well as a model standing for a special appearance,
a bird standing in different positions in the zoo
and animals can also be.
Since the purpose of the sketch is to depict an
incompletely generalized view of nature, the
student works relatively calmly. If the goal has
been achieved and nature has not yet moved, then
it is possible to move from the sketch to the line
(plate). In addition to the edge of the paper, it is
possible to make more detailed drawings of some
pieces.
If the immobility of nature is conditional and
accidental, in some cases it is temporary, that is,
at any time, at a time unknown to the artist, it
changes its position, facial expressions, gestures,
and even disappears completely from view, then
work on sketching nature the character changes
drastically. This can happen when you
accidentally draw a sketch of a living model
(sitting in a park bench or getting up, or suddenly
lying down quietly, etc.).
When doing a landscape sketch (or drawing) - no
need to make sure that the weather or lighting
conditions do not change, the wind can stop, the
flat water surface can be shaken by waves, the sky
can suddenly be covered with black clouds.
In nature, living nature does not stand in the same
rhythm as in the artist’s workshop or as a
classroom attribute. It goes on in his life, and his
natural, temporary immobility can be immediate,
and sometimes unexpected, the opposite.
It should be noted that such immobile conditions
of the living model, that is, a calm, serene
appearance, are most valuable to the observant
eyes of the student. On the contrary, a living
model that stands specifically in the same state
always loses its expressiveness, because in any
case there is artificiality. Plus, the look on your
Volume 02 Issue 03-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
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SJIF
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)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
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face will eventually get tired, which will affect
your character.
Therefore, the student must always be ready to
accurately depict a living model in a sketch.
During the time available for processing, it will be
necessary to make efficient use of every minute,
even every second, to observe and complete the
sketch. That is why the word “sketch” has such
meanings as “short”, “very fast”, “at a glance”,
“lightning speed”, “instantaneous”.
The specific purpose of drawing a sketch is to
instantly display the result of the observation on
paper. Of course, if there is enough time, then it is
not even a sketch.
In the classroom, especially in the early stages of
sketching, students will always have enough time
for both observation and drawing.
But working on a sketch outside the classroom,
i.e., both observing and drawing at the same time,
can be abruptly interrupted. Sometimes the
student tries to achieve a goal faster, to
immediately reflect the typical and characteristic
features of nature. The tracking time coincides
with the execution time. In such a case, with the
perception of seeing nature, the execution is
sharpened. That is, without distraction, without
giving in to small, secondary trifles, one
immediately tries to grasp the essential aspects of
the subject, to use the simplest means to a
minimum.
First of all, with a few reliable lines, it is necessary
to determine the location and size of the future
image - its outline (construction). That is why it is
necessary to take down the whole mass of nature,
taking into account the main parts, and their
movements.
When you start drawing a sketch, it seems as if
you have stopped for a while, but if you follow the
logical sequence in the work, everything will fall
into place. If nature maintains its immovable
state, it is necessary to immediately begin to
detail the points identified, to quickly grasp the
most basic, characteristic features.
Drawing combined (first in nature, then in
memory) sketches. As nature begins to move, as it
changes its position, it has to use its ability to see
from memory to complete this sketch.
Advanced vision (memory ability) is a great help
in filling in the details of what was previously
observed. Starting with nature and then finishing
in memory without his participation, the sketch is
considered “Combined”.
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)
METADATA
IF
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The reduction in observation time also
complicates the work on the sketch and requires
a great deal of memory. Such cases are very
common in practice.
It is much more difficult to instantly reflect a state
of nature that is in constant, constant motion. At
such a time, it is important to grasp it all at once
and immediately, without delay, write down what
is sealed in your memory. That's when the
memory-sealed look doesn't lose its “novelty.” An
example of this is a boy running fast in front of
you or an athlete jumping over obstacles.
Achieving such a task is possible in practice. To do
this, you need to quickly perceive the expression
in motion at a glance (for example, the div of a
running athlete, the movement of the legs, head
and arms). But at this point it is important not to
forget to bring together the roughly executed
lines, that is, to coordinate them in terms of
composition.
If the ability to see is strong, it is possible to
achieve a very short and sometimes generalized
description of the shapes that are sealed in
memory in a second. A sketch executed in this
way is like a memory stamped on paper.
Corrections and additions to such sketches are
made only by repeating the action of the current
athlete (almost the same action), by memorizing
it again.
The need to work on a sketch based solely on
visual memory arises only in situations where
external conditions allow observation. For
example, a portrait of a passenger sitting in front
of you on the subway looks like the character of
the picture you are imagining, and the image you
have been looking for for a long time comes out in
front of you. It is impossible to draw it from
nature, because it can take away its gaze, turn its
head, or change its appearance, and so on.
You have to choose a way to solve the tasks set
before you, using your visual abilities: you
observe and study your nature without noticing
it, you try to remember the peculiarities of the
character (especially its distinctive features). The
passenger fell at his station. Then immediately,
without delay, take your pocket album (otherwise
it may fade from your memory) and draw a sketch
from memory, just as you remembered the state
of that passenger.
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IF
–
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There are many such examples. But in order for a
future teacher of fine arts to develop visual
memory, a moving person needs to draw
sketches, especially looking at a group of people
with different characters and speeds of
movement. For example, drawing sketches based
on athletes involved in sports such as handball,
football, athletics, gymnastics, volleyball will be
an excellent factor in the development of such
skills as plastic anatomy, linear constructive
drawing.
C
ONCLUSION
In short, it should be noted that many events and
situations affect the quality of the image that is
remembered as a result of observation and its
imprint in memory. Especially in a particular case,
what is carefully observed in a schematic
representation of a line drawn from life to paper,
and assimilated in the process of direct
representation, is well remembered. What is
mechanically copied without image analysis is
usually not stored in memory for a long time.
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