Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
71
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
71-76
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
Each language has a certain amount of proverbs and sayings that give it a unique flavor, but make it difficult
to master. In teaching Russian to Russian students, we placed great emphasis on increasing the vocabulary,
one of the most effective ways to increase the vocabulary is to work with proverbs and sayings.
Assimilation of any foreign language, including Russian, certainly means getting acquainted with its
proverbs and proverbial fund. In addition, the need to study Russian proverbs and sayings outside the
linguistic and cultural environment is explained because these units are a rich source of regional and
cultural information, not only satisfying the cognitive interest of Iranian students but also a strong
motivating factor in learning stages.
K
EYWORDS
Russian, proverb, proverb, study, scene, culture, customs, and iversity, foreign language, lexical and
grammatical, phraseological.
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION OF RUSSIAN ARTICLES FOR A
PRACTICAL COURSE IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Submission Date:
April 10, 2022,
Accepted Date:
April 17, 2022,
Published Date:
April 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-04-13
Maqsudova Fayzilat Shaxobovna
Tashkent State Pedagogical University Faculty of Nizami Languages The department of Russian language
and teaching methods is a teacher, Uzbekistan
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
72
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
71-76
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
I
NTRODUCTION
Teaching proverbs and sayings to Persian-
speaking students studying Russian in Iran comes
with difficulties because they are not in a
language environment and this leads to limited
communication opportunities. The principle of
communicativeness is one of the guiding
principles of learning, which implies the practical
acquisition of language as a means of
communication [1, p. 33]. In the process of
communication, many actively use proverbs and
sayings in their speech. Proverbs and sayings
born of folk wisdom are not just a phrase, but
miniature artistic images, and artistic pictures.
Like any artistic medium, proverbs and sayings
require skillful and even skillful use in speech.
Proverbs and sayings are called "golden grain",
"golden peak", and "pearl of thought". The skillful
use of proverbs and sayings in Russian speech
demonstrates the knowledge, development,
ingenuity, and sharp wit of the speaker [1, p. 93].
Ignorance of these units leads to communicative
failure in communicating in Russian. It is,
therefore, necessary to know proverbs and
sayings in order to fully communicate in this
language. Proverbs and sayings are a mandatory
part of the lexical and cultural minimum that
Iranian students must master in order to
communicate adequately in Russian. The student
of philology should have a good knowledge of the
culture, customs, and diversity of the country in
which he or she is studying, as well as the
knowledge about that country and its people.
Learning a foreign language, including Russian,
cannot be a goal[2,36]. It always comes with an
understanding of the national reality: customs,
beliefs, history, and so on. Proverbs and sayings
of the Russian language, like any other, reflect its
national identity and uniqueness. Proverbs and
sayings reflect the ideas related to the labor
activity, life, and culture of these people.
Therefore, by getting acquainted with the
richness of proverbs in the Russian language,
Iranian students get an idea of the culture, life,
customs and so on. Of the country where the
language is studied. Proverbs and sayings are also
important components of the artistic world.
These units used in the speech of the heroes of
literary work help to reveal the character of these
characters in every way. Many writers use
proverbs and sayings in their writings to convey
the sharpness of their words. The works of art are
saturated with these units. It is these works that
give us the most complete picture of the
enormous role of “clear” words and phrases in
figurative speech. It follows that reading literary
texts, which are very important for students of
Iranian philology in the first place, as well as
speaking and understanding someone’s speech
listening requires knowing and understanding
the proverbial richness of the Russian language.
In the methodology of teaching Russian to
foreigners, the idea of creating a phraseological
minimum, which includes proverbs and sayings
that correspond to a certain audience and level of
knowledge, as well as lexical, has been repeatedly
put forward. a number of students. The
minimization of phraseological content should be
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
73
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
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Pages:
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SJIF
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(2021:
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)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
done with a focus on the specific educational
conditions of Iranian students, which means that
a number of specific linguistic and extra linguistic
factors need to be taken into account. Also, the
phraseological minimum should be well-
coordinated with the grammatical, lexical,
thematic-situational, and regional minimums
created for the same learning conditions[3,85].
Any organizational teaching of a foreign language
is divided into certain stages. Accordingly, the
training tools that provide these stages are also
identified. In other words, we are talking about
creating minimal phraseological units that
include proverbs and sayings that focus on a
specific stage of learning in an Iranian audience.
In the early and middle stages of teaching Russian
as a foreign language, lexical and grammatical
material is strictly limited, and the use of
phraseological units in the learning process may
seem redundant. As a rule, phraseological units
are introduced at an advanced stage of learning,
as Iranian students who do not have sufficient
knowledge of the grammatical system of the
Russian language and have limited basic
knowledge may have difficulty accepting them.
But it is possible to start from the very beginning
of the study of proverbs and sayings, following
the basic methodological principles from easy to
difficult, from known to unknown, and from
simple to complex. For example, in the beginning,
you can include proverbs and sayings about the
environment or situation that Iranian students
face. For example, proverbs and sayings about
knowledge: Live a century, learn a century;
Learning from mistakes; Repetition is the mother
of learning; Learning is always helpful; Learning
is light, and ignorance is darkness; Learning is
better than wealth and so on. As students move
into a new environment and make friends, you
can include proverbs and sayings about
friendship and camaraderie: we know A friend in
difficulty; Don’t have a hundred rubles, but you
have a hundred friends; Make new friends, but
don’t lose old friends; No friend - search, but
found - be careful; An old friend is better than two
and so on. Thus, we can include proverbs and
sayings in the curriculum at the initial stage of
teaching Russian as a foreign language to the
Iranian audience with the following conditions: 1)
the units studied should be widely used in the
Russian spoken language. Speech; 2) the units
under study must have a situational value; 3) the
general use of the units under study should be
taken into account[4,26].
We can start the middle stage of education with
proverbs and sayings that are simple in structure
and
understandable
to
students,
i.e.
simultaneously with the study of various
grammatical and syntactic structures of language.
For example, in the study of simple and complex
sentences. A simple suggestion: everything has its
time; gold and clay glitter; appetite comes with
eating; look for the wind in the field; do not look
outside your nose; Moscow was not built in a day.
Complex sentence: everything that ends well is
good; where there is a lot of talk, there is little
work; poverty leads to sin, not sin; do more, talk
less; Man offers, but God wills. In the Iranian
audience, it is recommended to include full and
partially equal proverbs and sayings even in the
middle stages of training, for example: Do not sell
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
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Pages:
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SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
the skin of an unkilled bear, lit." The above articles
are easily translated into Persian, their
translation is the same in both languages and is
therefore easily mastered by Iranian students.
The work of the master is feared, adequate.
translation. A single swallow does not spring,
adequately. translation. in Persian: Beak goal
spring and others. If there are partially equivalent
proverbs and sayings, the teacher explains the
meaning of these units, students find similar units
in Persian and analyze proverbs and sayings in
Russian and Persian together (how they are
pronounced in Russian, how they are pronounced
in Persian). compare what is said. what words are
used in the Russian article or proverb and which
words are in the Persian language, etc.). Thus, in
the middle stage of teaching Russian as a foreign
language to the Iranian audience, we propose to
include the following: 1) proverbs and sayings,
the structure of which should be simple and
understandable at the stage of their introduction;
2) fully and partially equivalent proverbs and
sayings[5,56]. After mastering and compiling a
certain number of proverbs and sayings of the
initial and intermediate stages, you can begin to
study non-equivalent proverbs and sayings at an
advanced stage. In non-equivalent proverbs and
sayings, the teacher gives an explanation of the
unit in Russian, explaining how the unit can be
used in the situation, and after all this, the
students find a proverb or saying in Persian that
corresponds to Russian. In turn, when reading
classical Russian works, it is necessary to draw
the attention of Iranian students to proverbs or
sayings used in the brilliant creation of the artistic
word. The teacher asks students to identify, write,
and analyze proverbs or sayings from literary
works, as well as give examples from Persian
literature and proverbs and explain their
meaning. Proverbs and sayings that require
national-cultural,
historical
and
other
interpretations should not be avoided. If you tell
students what circumstances gave life to this or
that phrase, you can introduce them not only to
the national-cultural semantics of the language
sign but also to the folk culture mentioned in this
sign. Shelf - an indefinitely long delay: The origin
of this cycle is explained: In the time of Tsar
Alexander, the father of Peter I, along ("long") box
was attached to the palace wall, where residents
could put their applications, complaints, etc. d.
These letters were passed into the hands of the
boys (large farmers in ancient Russia), selected,
and the decision on them was postponed for a
long time. In the "long box." Here, proverbs or
sayings become another source of country-
specific information in language lessons, and the
teacher’s story of why Russians say so becomes a
listening text that not only helps remember these
units but also enhances the cognitive value of the
lesson. , because the essence of the speech is
about the national characteristics of the Russian
people and is reflected in the language. Some
historical or national-cultural facts, such
interpretations related to the plot, are, first,
always interesting, and second, help students to
use such units correctly in their speech. At the
advanced stage of teaching Russian as a foreign
language in the Iranian audience, it is better not
to translate proverbs and sayings into the native
language of the students, but to give explanations
in Russian and not to use the native Persian
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
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04
Pages:
71-76
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
language often. The use of Russian in Russian
classes in the Iranian audience is very important,
because the teaching of this language is carried
out outside the language environment, and we
ourselves need to create an environment as close
as possible to the Russian language. Thus, at the
advanced stage of teaching Russian as a foreign
language to the Iranian audience, the curriculum
may include: 1) non-equivalent proverbs and
sayings; 2) proverbs and sayings found in fiction;
3) proverbs and sayings that require national-
cultural or historical interpretation[6,74]. The
figurative semantic content of Russian proverbs
and sayings and the comparative analysis of the
corresponding units in Persian are of great
importance to the Iranian audience for the
practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
For the practical study of proverbs and sayings in
the Iranian audience, it is necessary to suggest the
most traditional and common units in Russian.
There are also proverbs and sayings used in
works of art that are growing in interest by
Russian language students. Students should also
be taught to identify, write, and analyze proverbs
and sayings found in classics. In practical classes
on teaching Russian to students, the teacher must
perform phraseological work: comment on
proverbs, sayings, phrases found in the texts,
suggest writing, remember, use them in different
situations, and compare them with similar units.
in Persian and others. The teacher can also
prepare simple texts in the form of short stories
using proverbs and sayings in Russian, and then
ask students to write and interpret them, or write
a short essay on a specific topic given by the
teacher. Russian proverbs and sayings. There are
many proverbs and sayings in Russian folk tales
("The Frog Princess", "Ivan Tsarevich and the
Miraculous Judas", "The Wise Vasilisa, etc.)." can
read, stop and analyze proverbs or sayings, and
then instruct students to retell the tale without
missing these units and find a Persian proverb or
saying that matches it. Find a short story in
Persian using the equivalents found. The teacher
instructs the students to write units from the
Russian dictionary of proverbs and sayings,
including animals or words such as head, eye,
hand, and then comment. and you can suggest a
few articles to the students and then ask them to
tell you about any situation that confirms the
meaning of this or that article. may suggest topics
for lectures to the abbots, which they prepare to
read in class. Let us give the approximate subject
of the lectures: Proverbs and sayings about
Russian life. Proverbs and sayings about labor.
Proverbs and sayings about learning. Proverbs
and sayings about friendship. We found proverbs
and sayings in Russian folk tales and others. We
can complete orally many of the above tasks in
writing, both during class and at home. The choice
of material and the nature of the assignments
largely depend on the level of development of
Iranian students, their preparation, and the stage
of teaching Russian. The study of proverbs and
sayings expands the knowledge of Iranian
students about the language and develops their
aesthetic taste and desire to enrich their
vocabulary. Through proverbs and sayings,
students' speech culture increases. The active
development and skillful use of these units of
language significantly enrich their oral and
written speech. The correct use of proverbs and
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
76
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
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04
Pages:
71-76
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
sayings gives the speech a unique character,
expressiveness, imagery, and clarity. Therefore,
learning Russian by Iranian students is not
possible without resorting to figurative units,
which is one of the most difficult levels of Russian.
Students studying Russian in an Iranian audience
must know at least proverbs and sayings in order
to understand Russian by ear, read fiction in
Russian, and use these units correctly in speech -
dialogue, storytelling, repetition. and analysis of
the texts studied.
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Введенская
Л.А.,
Баранов
М.Т.
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Короглу Х. Персидско-русский словарь
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Фарсадманеш
С.А.
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