Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
73
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
06
Pages:
73-83
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
This article talks about methods of modernization and reconstruction of residential and public buildings.
The level of spiritual wear and tear of buildings, moral static and physical, functional wear.
K
EYWORDS
Construction, semi-detached, panel building, toilets, modernization, renovation, reconstruction, integrality
principle, systematic approach, revaluation method, adaptation method.
I
NTRODUCTION
Based on the experience gained in our country
and foreign countries, it should be noted that
today the reconstruction of buildings is the first
issue. 20-30% of all the funds attracted to the
Journal
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Research Article
METHODS OF MODERNIZATION, RENOVATION AND
RECONSTRUCTION OF HOUSING AND BUILDINGS
Submission Date:
June 10, 2022,
Accepted Date:
June 20, 2022,
Published Date:
June 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-06-10
Matkarimov Nuriddin Xusniddin o’g’li
Master's student, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Rahmonova Gavharxon Abdumalik qizi
Master's student, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Rahmonov Dilmurod Maxamat o’g’li
Doctoral candidate, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
74
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
06
Pages:
73-83
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
construction sector fall on the new capital
construction sector and the rest is spent on the
reconstruction and modernization of buildings
based on the plan. It should be noted. These funds
are aimed not only at increasing the capital of the
buildings and ensuring their reliable operation,
but also at preventing their spiritual wear and
tear [1-3]. According to the information of
UNESCO, the spiritual wear and tear of buildings
in the world occur every 8 years. In such a
situation, the reconstruction of buildings is
focused not only on its spiritual wear and tear but
also on increasing their comfort [4-9].
It can be seen in the example of several developed
countries that the contribution of funds spent on
the reconstruction of buildings is very high. For
example, this indicator is (Sweden - 40%, Finland
- 51%, France - up to 60%, Germany - 30-40%, in
Great Britain - up to 60%). The main part of the
spent funds goes to residential buildings, and the
rest goes to public and administrative buildings.
During the reconstruction of residential
buildings, as one of the main tasks, changes are
being made to their architectural-planning
solutions, taking into account the socio-economic
situation and methods of reconstruction in the
area (city, district, quarter) where they are
located [10-17].
The reconstruction method of the building is a
group of neighbours. the following (town
planning, architectural planning, social) problems
can be included in them. Each object to be
reconstructed has its solution, taking into account
its location in the city, as well as its technical
condition. The last factor can sometimes take the
main place in making a decision. If the building's
moral and physical deterioration is high and its
restoration is not economically acceptable, it may
be proposed to demolish it and build a new
building instead [15-19]. The following factors
also play an important role in the reconstruction
method of the building: the age of the building
(the time it was built), its constructive-
technological
and
architectural-planning
features, and the construction materials of the
load-bearing and barrier structures at the time of
construction. and how the quality of work was
done. In the total renovation and reconstruction
of residential buildings, it is envisaged to solve the
following issues:
Change the main construction parameters of
the building, height (floors), construction of
two-story apartments, construction of
mansards, construction of separate volumes
and sections as additions to the building;
Improvement of the architectural and artistic
qualities of the building based on the general
composite solution of the building area and
modern aesthetic requirements;
In this, as the main issues, it is necessary to focus
on solving the social problem with the
establishment of infrastructure, taking into
account the wishes of all layers of the population,
and ensuring an ecologically healthy living
environment.
Based on experience in the development and
implementation of projects for the renovation of
the first gross series of residential buildings, they
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
75
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
06
Pages:
73-83
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
can be divided into several groups depending on
their level of complexity:
Without changing the typical design solutions
of residential buildings, to ensure the
reliability of their load-bearing structures and
increase the quality of their use, to carry out
their reconstruction;
Without changing the typical project solutions
of residential buildings, re-planning the
rooms in them and improving the quality of
their use, and their reconstruction;
Without changing the construction size of
residential buildings, within one section of
apartments, by changing their structure (by
combining apartments as much as possible)
and carrying out their reconstruction;
Restructuring
and
reconstruction
of
residential
buildings
by
introducing
additional volumes (adding to volumes,
building an additional mansard floor, building
a two-level apartment);
To change the structure of residential
buildings (adding to the volume, building
additional floors, building a two-level
apartment), changing the structure of the
apartments
and
carrying
out
their
reconstruction;
Keeping the main functional function of the
building, its architectural-planning volumes with
enlargement of fixed constructions, their
reconstruction. Such a technical approach
provides an opportunity to choose an optimal
planning solution (rearrangement of rooms) at
any stage of the period of use (dynamic increase
of the family, social level of residents, economic
opportunity) [20-24].
In the course of renovation and reconstruction of
residential buildings, it can be done by moving the
residents, partially moving them, returning them
after reconstruction, and completely moving
them and providing them with a new apartment.
Renovation or reconstruction of residential
buildings, changes in their dimensional and
structural solutions (replanning of rooms,
strengthening or replacement of structures,
adding additional volumes to the building
(addition), adding to the building including
adding additional floors (addition), placing
additional
volumes
between
buildings
(insertion), improving the condition of building
facades, creating modern interiors). Today's
approach to building reconstruction can be
divided into two main directions:
1)
Without changing the primary dimensions
of the building, determining their volume-
planning solutions;
2)
Changing the primary dimensions of the
building and determining their volume-
planning solutions.
The reconstruction of buildings is focused on the
implementation of several engineering tasks,
which can include the following; from
strengthening the foundations of buildings and
strengthening their foundations, to increasing
their height and rational use of underground
volumes. Based on the leading experts and the
existing experience of reconstruction, the
following methods of renovation of residential
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
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Pages:
73-83
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
buildings can be determined: adaptation method;
internal-reconstructive; external-reconstructive
and revaluation method.
The adaptation method- refers to the method of
achieving optimal values of the functional
planning
of
the
building,
functionally
redistributing the area and rooms, as well as
technological and engineering equipment.
Internal-reconstructive
method-
without
changing the dimensions of the building,
redistribution of existing rooms in it, effective use
of underground and attic space (as far as
possible), excess space and rooms.
External reconstructive method- by changing the
dimensions of the building and its volume-
planning solutions, adding additional areas
(insertion) to the rooms and sections, making
additional
constructions
from
functional
planning blocks to the existing buildings
(addition), or increasing their height (addition),
and the method of demolishing a building and
building a new one instead.
The revaluation method- refers to the method of
changing the functional function of the building.
This method can be partial or complete. The
method of partial revaluation is carried out when
the building has two or more functions, in this
case, the redundant functions in the building are
carried out by moving them to another building.
There are two aspects of the reconstruction of
residential buildings: the principle of integrity, a
complex review of the influence of external and
internal factors during the use of the building;
Systematic approach - in which the most optimal
solutions of reconstruction technology and
methods are selected. As the main issue during
the renovation and reconstruction of residential
buildings, it should be focused on improving the
characteristics of its use, improving the heat
transfer of the barrier structures in the building,
and first of all, reducing their energy
consumption. One of the important stages in the
reconstruction of buildings is their variant design.
According to experts and scientists in the field,
the quality of the project-estimate documents
makes up to 60% of its implementation. It is
considered that the reconstruction of living areas
does not lead to deterioration of insolation
(sunlight) and aeration (ventilation) problems
there, but it serves to improve the microclimate of
the area, increase comfort and healthy lifestyle. It
is a comprehensive approach to the
reconstruction of the square, in which the
renovation, reconstruction and demolition of the
building should be aimed at one specific goal, that
is, the improvement of the outdated fund on the
square, based on the modern requirements of
urban planning. Experiences of foreign countries
in the renovation of residential buildings: it is
considered to serve to increase comfort and a
healthy lifestyle [21-23]. It is a comprehensive
approach to the reconstruction of the square, in
which the renovation, reconstruction and
demolition of the building should be aimed at one
specific goal, that is, the improvement of the
outdated fund on the square, based on the
modern requirements of urban planning.
Experiences of foreign countries in the
renovation of residential buildings: it is
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
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Pages:
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SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
considered to serve to increase comfort and a
healthy lifestyle. It is a comprehensive approach
to the reconstruction of the square, in which the
renovation, reconstruction and demolition of the
building should be aimed at one specific goal, that
is, the improvement of the outdated fund on the
square, based on the modern requirements of
urban planning. Experiences of foreign countries
in the renovation of residential buildings:
Figure 1. Condition before renovation
Figure 2. Condition after renovation.
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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IF
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Figure 3. Condition before renovation
Figure 4. Designed by Stefan Forster Architekten in Leinefeld, Germany.
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Figure 7. Galle, Germany. Designed by Stefan Forster Architekten
Figure 8. Galle, Germany Condition after renovation
C
ONCLUSION
The analysis of the architectural planning
solutions of the first two "generations" of multi-
story large-scale panel residential buildings,
which were built, showed that there were many
negative aspects that were allowed, including:
disadvantages.
The main disadvantages of spiritual wear and tear
in buildings are: the small area of the kitchens in
them; combined bathrooms in small areas; low
sound protection of internal walls and partitions;
as a result of violation of the heat-humidity
regimes of the living rooms, discomfort in the
rooms; uniformity and lack of visibility of building
facades.
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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The reason for the moral obsolescence of five-
story buildings is the fact that they were built as
only one type of sectional buildings, the failure to
take into account the demographic, historical and
architectural
traditions
and
climatic
characteristics of the places where they are
located. Filling the area with such buildings is also
explained by the fact that the natural landscape
and architectural features of the environment are
not taken into account.
The influence of the following factors on the level
of spiritual wear and tear of buildings was also
great: architectural-planning solutions; different
building heights; the ratio of the sizes of the
rooms; total areas of apartments; area of rooms
per resident.
The following methods of modernization of
buildings are the most acceptable: adaptation
method; internal reconstructive method; external
reconstructive method; including revaluation
methods.
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VOLUME
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Pages:
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