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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
24-31
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
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5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
The most promising direction of rational use and saving of fuel and energy resources is related to energy
saving in various spheres of economic activity. More than a quarter of the energy saving potential is
concentrated in the housing and utility industry, and more than a third in construction and industry. The
main number of buildings in operation in our country are non-energy-efficient constructions made of
prefabricated reinforced concrete and local materials, whose thermal performance deteriorates during
operation due to poor quality or improper operation. In the article, the issues of improving the energy
efficiency of low-rise residential buildings were studied in detail, suggestions and conclusions were given.
K
EYWORDS
Power consumption, energy-efficient house, energy source, thermal insulation, power consumption,
energy audit.
I
NTRODUCTION
A significant share of the operated housing stock
is made up of low-rise buildings, and this share
exceeds 30% of the total volume of housing built
in a number of regions. Being environmentally
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF LOW-RISE
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Submission Date:
October 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
October 05, 2022,
Published Date:
October 11, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-10-05
Khalimov Khabibullo Bakhtiyorjon Ugli
Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
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SJIF
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IF
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attractive, low-rise buildings have a significantly
higher specific characteristic of thermal energy
consumption for heating and ventilation
compared to high-rise buildings [1-3]. Many of
the used space-planning solutions to improve the
energy efficiency of multi-storey buildings are
ineffective in the development of low-rise
projects, especially one- and two-family houses
with a small number of apartments, which, as a
rule, are small in size due to functional
considerations [4-7].
Materials and methods
The existing regulatory framework lacks methods
that fully take into account the influence of
interrelated processes of heat and mass transfer
on heat losses through external fences, as well as
the utilization of the heat of the outgoing air and
the use of dissipated energy of the natural
environment (the heat of solar radiation and the
earth mass under the building) for additional
space heating. This determines the relevance of
the tasks set to improve the thermal efficiency of
low-rise buildings. The degree of development of
the research topic. A certain influence on the
solution of the problem of increasing the thermal
efficiency of buildings was exerted by numerous
works of domestic and foreign scientists, the
analysis of which made it possible to formulate
tasks for further research [8-11].
Many aspects of issues related to the energy
efficiency of buildings and their structures are
covered in the works of domestic scientists Fokin
K.F., Vasiliev B.R., Bogoslovsky V.N., Khlevchuk
V.R., Samarin O.D., Livchak V.I. . [12-15].
The studies of these scientists indicate great
opportunities for using two principles in the
architectural design of low-rise buildings:
increasing the thermal protection of external
enclosing structures and constructive solutions
adapted to use the scattered energy of the natural
environment. However, due to insufficient
knowledge of measures to improve the thermal
protection of buildings and their feasibility study,
further study of this problem is required, which
makes the research topic relevant. The aim of the
work is to increase the thermal efficiency of low-
rise civil buildings and their enclosing structures
through the use of energy-saving solutions.
One innovative direction in this area is the use of
vacuum insulating glass units, in which
convective heat transfer cannot occur [16-19].
The use of such a double-glazed window allows
you to create lighter and heat-shielding window
structures. In addition, in addition to a significant
variety of architectural and compositional and
space-planning configurations, the effect of
energy saving can be achieved by adding and
embedding additional volumes and blocking
single-family houses, as well as creating an
underground public space [20,21].
The use of energy-saving measures is of great
importance not only in relation to buildings under
construction, but also in relation to already
existing old buildings. When carrying out work on
the reconstruction of thermal protection in
Tyumen, an entire energy-efficient quarter was
created, where in houses built a relatively long
time ago, work was carried out to repair and
replace facades, roofs, utilities, modernization of
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SJIF
I
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(2021:
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)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
in-house heating systems, window blocks.
Subsequently, a complex of such works is planned
to be carried out on the scale of the whole city [14-
21].
Issues of control and accounting of consumed
energy, according to Livchak V.I., have acquired
particular relevance. In buildings, it is necessary
to provide an automated control unit for the
heating system, which allows optimizing the
supply of heat for heating and avoiding
unnecessary heat losses [23-25].
The world around us has various sources of
inexhaustible energy. At present, some of them,
solar energy, energy generated by the interaction
of the earth and the moon, thermonuclear fusion
energy, and geothermal energy are not fully
exploited. Energy plays a decisive role in the
development of human nature. There is an
inextricable correlation between the volume of
product production and energy consumption.
Energy is of great importance in human life. Its
level of development reflects the level of
development of society's production forces,
opportunities for scientific and technical
development, and the standard of living of the
population. Most of the energy consumed by
humans is turned into useless heat due to the low
efficiency of using the available energy resources.
An approximate distribution of energy used in a
year in the world is presented in Table 1. The
energy value in this table is measured in
megatons (Mt) of the amount of coal that provides
the energy available when burned.
Table 1. Annual energy consumption in the world
Form of energy
Amount, Mt
Source
Feeding people and feed
for working animals
650
sunlight (now)
Firewood
150
sunshine (past)
Hydroelectric plants
100
Water movement
Coal, oil. gas. peat
6600
sunlight (past)
At the same time, about 400 Mt of energy is
consumed per village to feed people. of which
about 40 Mt will be converted into useful mehnal.
800 Mt of energy is used for economic needs, and
1000 Mt for community production.
Thus, of the annual energy consumption of 7500
Mt, 2200 Mt is usefully consumed, and the rest is
wasted in the form of heat. But even with
2200/7500 Mt of efficiency, humanity cannot
boast, because the energy radiating to the earth
from the sun, which is 10000000 Mt per year, is
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)
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IF
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not taken into account here. Energy played a
decisive role in the development of civilization.
Energy consumption and information gathering.
there is a strong relationship between the volume
of product production and energy consumption,
which have approximately the same change over
time. The growth of energy consumption is
surprisingly high. but as a result, a person has to
rest a significant part of his life. to education. can
devote to creative activities, and as a result,
longevity is achieved.
We consider energy as necessary and capable of
working for us. Providing energy to the society is
divided into the following, i.e., heating of
buildings, providing movement, production of
products we need, various machines, inechanism.
ensuring the equipment's ability to work. it is
necessary for food preparation, lighting, life
support and others.
One of the modern trends in housing construction
is to carry out design and construction works
taking
into
account
the
convenience,
environmental and energy efficiency of the
houses that are planned to be built. As we know,
reserves (oil, gas and coal) are the main sources
of energy in the world. According to experts'
calculations, energy sources can last up to 100
years. In many developed countries, almost half of
the energy consumption falls on houses.
Therefore, one of the main ways to save resources
is to improve the energy efficiency of buildings.
The main principle of designing an energy-
efficient house is to maintain a comfortable
internal temperature without the use of
ventilation and heating systems by using
alternative energy sources.
The criteria for classifying such houses is energy
consumption: if annual heating costs are less than
90 kWh/m2, the house is energy efficient; Less
than 45 kWh/m2 is less energy efficient; Less
than 15 kVh/m2 energy consumption is
considered zero (nothing is spent on heating, but
energy is required to prepare hot water).
The first experimental energy-efficient building
appeared in Manchester (USA) in 1974 after the
global energy crisis. This was an office building
requested by the Office of General Services to test
and identify the best energy saving technical
solutions. The building's energy consumption has
been reduced due to efficient use of solar
radiation, double-layer closed structures and
computer control of the building's engineering
equipment. The implementation of this project
laid the foundation for the construction of energy-
efficient buildings around the world. Efforts to
improve energy efficiency are being successfully
implemented in Europe. According to various
sources, from 2,000 to 10,000 such houses were
built in Western European countries [24-27].
Targeted state programs have been developed in
Denmark, Germany and Finland for such energy
saving and construction of energy-efficient
buildings. 10 kilometers outside Helsinki, the
capital of Finland, is Vikki, a neighborhood of
energy-efficient buildings (5,500 local residents
and 1,132 hectares of land). It accounts for 50
percent of the neighborhood's solar energy use
and hot water needs. The total area of solar
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)
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IF
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collectors is 1248 m2. Energy-saving technology
and alternative energy consumption can reduce
energy consumption by 40% compared to
conventional houses.
Denmark is currently the city of Egedal. In
accordance with the state program, the
construction of all energy-efficient residential
buildings was carried out in South Stenlos. These
local citizens do not limit their buildings to
ecology and energy saving, but also provide
ready-made houses equipped with all energy-
saving innovations.
The following constructive and engineering
planning solutions are used to minimize energy
consumption. From the point of view of planning,
to reduce the area of the walls of 1-3-story houses
and their facades (glazing) and thereby prevent
heat loss. Therefore, the main thing is to design a
drum at the entrance and build the house facing
south, because the main source of heat for heating
the house is solar energy. The houses are
prevented from being shaded by other buildings
and trees. The heat transfer resistance of the
walls should not exceed 0.15 kW/m2, for this,
internal or double (internal and external) thermal
insulation is used.
Today, in our Republic, the development of the
way of living of the population in rural areas, the
construction of houses on the basis of model
projects is inextricably linked with the
development of rural infrastructures and the
construction of infrastructure facilities. Many
houses and apartments based on model projects
in accordance with the "Program for the
construction of affordable housing on updated
model projects in rural areas in 2017-2021"
approved by the decision of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan PQ-2639 of October 21,
2016 was built and a family in need of
improvement of living conditions was provided
with housing [1-3].
Also, in our country, today attention is paid to the
issue of building energy-efficient, economical
houses as one of the most important factors in the
development of the construction industry, in
particular, residential buildings and social sector
buildings, which are built on the basis of model
projects in rural and urban areas within the
framework of state programs. Enrichment with
these features is defined as the main task. Decree
No. PF-5577 of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, adopted on November 14, 2018, "On
additional measures to improve the state
regulation of the construction industry", from
January 1, 2020, housing construction It is strictly
determined that facilities must be equipped with
energy-efficient and energy-saving equipment at
the stage of design-research and construction-
assembly work [1-3].
In this regard, our project "Supporting the
development of energy-efficient rural housing
construction in Uzbekistan", which has been
implemented since 2017 in cooperation with the
Global Ecology Fund and the Ministry of
Construction of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
deserves attention. As a result of the
implementation of the project, it is expected that
energy consumption and greenhouse gas
emissions will decrease in households.
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IF
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As part of the project "Supporting the
development of energy-efficient rural housing
construction in Uzbekistan", 800 low-carbon
three-room energy-efficient houses were built in
Samarkand, Surkhandarya, Fergana, Khorezm
and Bukhara regions. Photoelectric plants (FES)
with a power of 300 Watts are installed and
working in each of these houses for lighting
needs.
Ten such houses are equipped with solar water
heaters capable of heating 200 liters of water.
However, this level of energy consumption in the
building remains for 3 to 5 years, and then it
starts to increase again. It is necessary to carry
out an energy audit to determine the reasons for
this decrease in energy efficiency. Therefore, it is
recommended to conduct an energy audit once
every four years.
It is worth mentioning that within the framework
of our project "Supporting the development of
energy-efficient rural housing construction in
Uzbekistan" in cooperation with the Global
Ecology Fund and the Ministry of Construction of
the Republic of Uzbekistan, 800 energy-efficient
houses built in 2019 with a power of 300 watts
power plants (FES) are installed.
C
ONCLUSION
An energy audit will be conducted in 60 houses
selected from among these constructed buildings
and ordinary model houses built in 2018 within
the framework of the State program. This
approach makes it possible to compare energy-
efficient houses with ordinary houses and to
analyze the effectiveness of using energy-efficient
and low-carbon technologies in reducing heat and
electricity consumption in rural houses. The
widespread introduction of energy audit, the use
of renewable energy sources is one of the
important and not yet fully exploited reserves. It
will help solve the problem of natural gas and oil
shortages in the future and, according to experts,
it can double the energy costs of consumers.
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