Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
10
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
10-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
The article presents a unique plot, poetic structure and compositional features, as well as a chain of
compositions that distinguishes “Hayrat ul
-
abror” from the other “Khamsa’s” poems.
K
EYWORDS
The poem, composition, plot, image, analysis, classification, proverb, story, genre, artistic skill.
I
NTRODUCTION
"Khairat ul-Abror" fully reflects the dominance of
the didactic spirit, the variety of images, the actual
disclosure of a number of topical issues of his
time, in particular, the poet's goal to write
"Khamsa" as the first introductory dastan, a huge
monument in the Turkic language and differs
from subsequent dastans " Hamsa" by the breadth
of its subject matter. "Khairat ul-Abror", unlike
other "Khamsa" dastans, is a collection of
dedications and stories. The dastan is dominated
by philosophical interpretation rather than epic
figurativeness, the author's descriptions and
characteristics play a leading role, and the plot
and narration of events are based on the views of
the poet.
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
POETIC STRUCTURE OF THE FIRST DOSTON “KHAMSA”
Submission Date:
October 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
October 05, 2022,
Published Date:
October 11, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-10-02
Nigora Sharipova
Associate Professor, Phd, Department Of Uzbek Language And Literature Uzbekistan, Navoi State
Pedagogical Institute
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
11
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
10-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
“This dastan is a summary of the po
litical, social
and philosophical ideas that were supposed to be
presented in the Hamsa, or a sketch of this great
and beautiful canvas called the Hamsa. In this
regard, the study of this dastan as a whole is not
only a topical issue, but also an important step for
a deeper understanding of the essence of the
following dastans of "Khamsa".
Alisher Navoi traditionally calls the first dastan of
his "Khamsa" "Khairat ul-abror" and introduces
three astonishments after munozhot and nat. It is
important to correctly interpret the essence of the
concept of abror in its name as the main idea of
the dastan. It is well known that abror - (from
Arabic: plural of the word barr - decent) [Sufism]
- people who do good deeds, people with good
morals in terms of gnosis; they are the special
servants of Allah in the tarikat. In the process of
purifying their souls, they went through several
stages of the path to Allah.
1
Alisher Navoi called
the first dastan "Khamsa" "Khairat ul-Abror" and
expressed his philosophical views on this status:
Hayrati abror ko’rub zotini
"Hayrat ul-abror" dedim otini.
Surprised by their high morality, I called him
(dastan) "Khairat ul-Abror".
In his work “Tazkirat ush
-
shuaro”, Davlatshokh
Samarkandy claims that Navoi relied on the
traditions of Ni
zami when creating “Khamsa”.
2
1
Сажжодий С.Ж. Ирфоний истилоҳлар ва иборалар луғати
// Сино. 2010. – № 37-40. – Б.174.
2
Давлатшоҳ Самарқандий. Тазкират уш-шуаро // Навоий
Navoi in his work "Muhokamat ul-lugatayn"
confirms this idea, saying: "Avvalkim" khayrat ul-
abror "bogida tabim gullar ochibdur, Shaikh
Nizomiy ruhi" Makhzan ul-asror "idin boshimga
durlar sochibdur". It should be noted that Navoi,
following the example of all his predecessors in
"Khairat ul-Abror", created an original
introductory dastan, which differs from their
works in style, idea, content, size, artistry and
image. In the conversations of Navoi, the Sufi-
enlightenment essence is strong.
Also, at the heart of each chapter, conversation
and story, a realistic approach to the socio-
political problems of its time is reflected. The first
dastan of Alisher Navoi was written in the style of
Navoi (“Navoi style”, “high style”
- Y. Iskhakov),
which reflected the author's intellect as a poet,
deep views as a thinker, sharp ridicule and
criticism of the negative qualities of
representatives of society as a statesman , an
unprecedented theoretical analysis as a great
scientist, folk teachings and instructions as a
leader of the people.
Prior to gaining independence, the previous
eleven chapters of the dastan were not included
in a number of publications of “Khairat ul
-
Abror”.
Also, these chapters, which embodied the poet’s
enlightening and epistemological views and
played an important role in a series of issues: the
chapter of basmala, one hamd, four munozhot and
five nat (description of the virtues of the prophet),
замондошлари хотирасида. – Т.: Ғафур Ғулом номидаги
Адабиёт ва санъат нашриёти. 1985. – Б.15-16.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
12
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
10-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
of course, were left without consideration in the
studies of literary critics.
Based on the compositional structure of the work,
it is important to determine the constituent
foundations of the dastan. In its architectonics,
after such sources as basmala (chapter 1), hamd
(chapter 2), 4 munojot (chapters 3-6), 5 nat
(chapters 7-11), attitude towards their
predecessors (chapters 12-13), description of the
word (chapters 14-15), a hymn to the ruler
(chapter 16), a description of the soul (chapter
17), three astonishments (18-20), a hymn to
Bahauddin Naqshband and Khoja Akhror
(chapter 21) articles (22-61) are cited and a final
interpretation is given within a separate chapter
(62). It contains "Ҳақ mamurai eҳsonidan
maskani afv tilamak" and the last chapter (63)
"History of the slave", which form the structural
basis of the dastan.
In the first chapter of "Khairat ul-Abror" Alisher
Navoi poetically interprets the main divine
sentence "Bismillahir-rohmani-r-rahim" from the
Holy Quran. This chapter is introductory to the
entire "Khamsa", and unlike its predecessors,
Navoi's basmal chapter is poetically ideally
formed. Sufi-philosophical interpretations of the
head of the basmal prepare the ground for
prayers-munojot and descriptions-nat. The head
of praise-hamd "Khairat ul-Abror" is 42 bayts, and
the total volume of four prayers is 167 bayts.
Among them, the third prayer consists of 50
bayts, the rest do not differ significantly in size:
the first prayer - 42 bayts; second prayer - 37
bayts; fourth prayer - 38 bayts.
Prayers are completely directed to the torch of
enlightenment of the Koran and hadiths, and the
foundations of the science of monotheism are
explained by the addition of artistry and
scientificity. In them, the views of the poet are
expressed in the context of Allah, the Universe
Man, the unity of man in the universe, the creation
of the Universe thanks to the unlimited power of
Allah; the main idea of the prayers is that Man is
the greatest and most perfect miracle among the
extraordinary beauties and miracles of all, that in
fact the whole universe was created because of
man, and that his actions, humanity and
enlightenment are a limitless power that rules the
world.
Four of the five verses - na't in Khairat ul-Abror
(chapters 7-10) are devoted to the lifestyle of the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him), and one verse in chapter 11 describes the
night of Meraj. Verses 7-10 chapters of the dastan
tell about the creation of "Nuri Muhammadiyah",
the appearance of signs of prophecy by the Holy
Prophet, the origin of the religion of Islam, the
struggle against the pagans, the miracles of
prophecy, the power of Islam, the glory of the
Koran and hadiths, instructive examples of the
caliphs. Although the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) is praised and his
perfection is emphasized in these chapters,
certain historical facts and truths about the life
and work of the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) are gradually reflected in the
context of the times.
The appearance of nat after praise and prayer is a
requirement of the creative tradition, but is also
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
13
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
10-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
associated with a tribute to the prophets, who
introduced the Islamic religion and faith, which
made a great turn in the whole life of mankind,
and waged a merciless and stubborn struggle
against ignorance, idolatry and paganism, which
multiplied the false "gods ".
Khairatlar (amazement), which plays an
important role in the structure of the dastan,
reveals the criteria of humanity - the qualities of
the mental world, which include social, political,
moral, religious, educational, mystical issues.
Amazement "Khairat ul-Abror" is the amazement
of the soul with the wonders of the universe
created by the Almighty, and is the result of
sincere desires of faith as the embodiment of
divine pictures. The main ideological content of
the dastan is covered in terms of amazement in a
high style, at the level of artistic and spiritual
discoveries. In the dastans of Nizami Ganjavi and
Amir Khusrav Dehlavi, the semantic structure of
the introduction is the enlightenment of the heart
of a Sufi who knows the secrets of the invisible
world, and in the amazement of Navoi, the
journey of Khoja-Kongil (soul) to the invisible
worlds and amazement at the wonders of this
world constitute the semantic structure of the
introduction. These wonders are most evident in
the accounts of the seven travelers in the Sabai
Sayyar. The ideological and semantic center of the
work is the astonishment of divine love, devotion,
renunciation in "Leyli and Majnun", true love, the
test of difficulties to achieve the beloved in
"Farkhod and Shirin".
3
Муҳиддинов М. Комил инсон-адабиёт идеали. – Т.:
Speaking about the compositional and structural
features of "Khairat ul-Abror", Professor M.
Mukhiddinov emphasizes that in the chapters
preceding the conversations, the authors felt a
little "freer", arbitrarily chose how many prayers
or nat should be written, and only when it came
to conversations, they strictly followed the rule of
writing twenty conversations.
3
Although the
number of conversations meets the requirements
of the hamsa tradition, they differ radically in
ideological orientation, in essence, in content, and
in reflecting the author's concept. In the
conversations of "Khairat ul-Abror" the spirit of
the time in which Navoi lived and the problems of
public life are expressed in a certain sequence. In
the conversations, instructions, instructions and
Navoi's attitude to the solution of the issue were
determined.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Сажжодий С.Ж. Ирфоний истилоҳлар ва
иборалар луғати // Сино. 2010. –
№ 37
-40.
–
Б.174.
2.
Давлатшоҳ Самарқандий. Тазкират уш
-
шуаро
//
Навоий
замондошлари
хотирасида. –
Т.: Ғафур Ғулом номидаги
Адабиёт ва санъат нашриёти. 1985. –
Б.15
-
16.
3.
Муҳиддинов М. Комил инсон
-
адабиёт
идеали. –
Т.: Маънавият, 2005. –
Б. 87.
Маънавият, 2005. – Б. 87.
