Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
53
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
53-58
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
A
BSTRACT
The article is devoted to the consideration of phraseological units-euphemisms related to the
phraseological-semantic group of the socio-political sphere. The study of several euphemism dictionaries
and selected material indicates that the appearance of a significant part of the units of this group is
associated with the peculiarities of the political and social development of English-speaking countries, as
well as other European countries. Concluded that it is the euphemistic function that is most suitable for
veiling and hiding from the general public unsightly political and military actions nominated with the help
of euphemism phraseological units.
The purpose of this article is to identify the most effective and common forms of political euphemisms, as
well as the specific features of terminological changes.
K
EYWORDS
Euphemism application skills, word euphemism, compound euphemism, political euphemisms, hidden
meaning, polysemantic euphemism.
I
NTRODUCTION
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
THE USE OF POLITICAL EUPHEMISMS IN ENGLISH AND
UZBEK LANGUAGES
Submission Date:
December 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
December 10, 2022,
Published Date:
December 16, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-12-08
Dexqonboy Nabirasi Omongul Maxamadsoli Qizi
Assistant, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
54
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
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12
Pages:
53-58
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
The topic of euphemisms in translation was
included in the agenda and made a well-deserved
contribution to the development of such sciences
as translation studies, the theory and practice of
translation, critical translation and the history of
translation, since this issue is one of the topics
that require in-depth study. In addition, the study
of these problems requires the use of various
transformations and principles of its transition
when moving from one language to another. We
want to say that translation matches that occur in
one language cannot be found in another
language if they are in the scope of the work, and
cannot be found in [1].
In every society, some things are considered
inappropriate when spoken about in public
places. Therefore, a large number of words are
perceived as impolite, and vulgar when used in
communication. These words are taboo. To avoid
embarrassment or ease the bite of harsh words,
man has created euphemisms. Euphemisms can
be used as substitutes to avoid embarrassment,
anxiety, and public shame caused by taboo words.
Taboos affect a person's daily life in one way or
another because of their natural use of language.
Countless words are considered taboo, such as
those related to religion, our div and their
functions in addition to offensive and other
related types. Many of these words are the result
of great events such as migration, urbanization,
wars and depressions [2].
Taboo is universal and almost exists across
cultures. To avoid taboos, speakers resort to
"euphemisms" to prevent intimidating references
to distasteful topics that are offensive or rude in
speech.
Generally speaking, people try to avoid using
words and expressions that are not interesting,
inappropriate, or confusing to them or those
around them, although they are mostly universal.
Such deliberately avoided words and expressions
can be considered taboo, which originally dealt
with sacred issues that cannot be discussed [3-7].
Crystal believes forbidden words mean words
that people cannot use without a curse of
resentment because they refer to actions, objects,
or relationships that are generally considered
embarrassing, unpleasant, or harmful. In
addition, the word taboo tends to be associated
with what is socially, culturally and religiously
forbidden and is increasingly used in everyday
speech.
At the same time, it is important that the text of
political indicators is effective, that there are
hidden moments, and that society tends to think
in the right direction. That is why politicians
resort to the use of lexical units that hide
unpleasant public events and decorate clarity.
These lexical units are called euphemisms. [8-11].
The main purpose of euphemisms is to take the
essence of this event from life to shed more light
on the event. Euphemism is manifested by the
types of means to a particular feature [12-14].
R. Birchfield, a scientist who studies the history of
the English language, while researching the
example of euphemistic units of Chaucer's verse,
admits that euphemism is a very convenient
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
55
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
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12
Pages:
53-58
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
methodological tool of poetry. R. Burchfield notes
that Chaucer was the first to give a euphemistic
form of intimate relationship in his work.
Shakespeare, violating this direction, expresses
his characters with emotional units, and uses
euphemism only as a means of enhancing the
stylistic colour. By the middle of the 16th century,
the attempt to improve speech culture intensified,
and the struggle against not using the name of
God, human private parts and things related to it
was started, and this also began to be reflected in
Shakespeare's work. The struggle continued until
the 18th century when S. Richardson's "Pamella"
used the euphemistic form of some delicate
situations in a very cultured way. For example,
the author uses the phrase Не позвольте мне, о
небеса, принадлеят ему вместо выражения Он
хочет губить меня. By the 19th century,
a
different cultural way of life was formed, men had
to be busy with production, and women had to
devote themselves to their spouses and family.
Ethical and official censorship is increasing, and
sensitivity and speech culture are developing.
Thomas Baudelaire, who re-edited expressions
found in Shakespeare's works "not used in polite
families and cannot be read aloud", gained great
fame at the same time. He edits the writer's 10-
volume collection of works and changes
sentences like Тот кто убил моего отца
и
соблазнил мою мать то Тот, кто убил моего
отца и развратил мою мат. By the 19th century,
the euphemism of the names of not only human
organs, but also animals and insects, diseases, and
things is on the rise. Because during the World
War, human trafficking, orphanhood, and
prostitution developed, euphemisms and
argotisms also increased. Their spiritual
characteristics begin to take root in time and
space, in connection with human behaviour and
condition. The phenomenon of euphemism was
recorded in general linguistics at the beginning of
the 20th century by linguists such as J. Vandries,
and L.A. Bulakhovsky in the literature related to
the field, and their opinions are of great
importance in the formation of the description of
the essence of euphemism. A.N. Samoylovich, N.A.
Baskakov can be included among the scientists
who studied this phenomenon on the example of
representatives of a particular nation, a particular
gender (for example, the speech of Altai women).
They try to illuminate euphemism as a
multifaceted ethnic phenomenon. E. A. Agayan
and O. N. Turbachev also research this process
within a certain group and mentality.
For example, O. N. Turbachev observed the use of
euphemisms related to European hunters and the
hunting season in the speech of the people of
countries such as Sweden, Finland, and Estonia,
while E. A. Agayan studied the process of
euphemization in the speech of Armenian
villagers. S. Otaev euphemisms of the Turkmen
language, G. G. Musaboev euphemisms of the
Kazakh language, V. P. Darbakova euphemisms of
the Mongolian people, N. G. Mikhailovskaya
scientifically analyzed the euphemisms found in
the language of the peoples of the Far East -
Chukot, Khanty-Mansiy, Nanay. In addition,
researchers such as S.P. Vanshtein, SH.CH.Sat, and
I.V. Arnold about euphemisms found in the
English language expressed their opinions to a
certain extent in their work. A. A. Reformatsky
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
I
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12
Pages:
53-58
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
considers euphemistic units used in place of
taboo to be related to ethnic development. Saying
that various heresies and superstitions caused
the emergence of the taboo, he emphasizes that
euphemisms serve to cover its name. R.A.
Budagov believes that euphemism is not an
important factor in the emergence of the taboo,
admitting that it is the belief of mankind that
motivated the emergence of the taboo and that it
is, in a certain sense, the basis of the development
of thinking. Because the taboo arose for other
reasons. Euphemism is used to soften the
situation that is uncomfortable to say in terms of
speech culture. For example, in order not to
offend an unintelligent person, he insists on
saying ne isobretyot porokha about him. The
phenomenon of euphemism was studied by
B.A.Larin,
A.M.Katsev,
N.S.Boschaeva,
L.V.Artyushkina, G.G.Kujim and other linguists,
and its various aspects were covered from
different points of view. For example, L.V.
Artyushkina studied the exchange and semantic
type of euphemism, while N.S. Boschaeva studied
its pragmatic aspect in detail. G. G. Kujim
illuminates euphemism as a "meliorating" tool of
language, and A. M. Katsev interprets it from a
socio-psychological point of view.
R. Birchfield, a scientist who studies the history of
the English language, while conducting research
on the example of euphemistic units of Chaucer's
verse, admits that euphemism is a very
convenient methodological tool of poetry.
R. Burchfield notes that Chaucer was the first to
give a euphemistic form of intimate relationship
in his work.
Shakespeare, violating this direction, expresses
his characters with emotional units, and uses
euphemism only as a means of enhancing the
stylistic colour.
By the middle of the 16th century, the attempt to
improve speech culture intensified, and the
struggle against not using the name of God,
human private parts and things related to it was
started, and this also began to be reflected in
Shakespeare's work.
The struggle continued until the 18th century
when S. Richardson's "Pamella" used the
euphemistic form of some delicate situations in a
very cultured way. By the 19th century, a
different cultural way of life was formed, men had
to be busy with production, and women had to
devote themselves to their spouses and family.
Ethical and official censorship is increasing, and
sensitivity and speech culture are developing.
Thomas Baudelaire, who re-edited expressions
found in Shakespeare's works "not used in polite
families and cannot be read aloud", gained great
fame at the same time.
R
ESULTS AND DISCUSSION
If the lexical basis of a scientific-technical text is
technical and technical terminology, the
newspaper text pays a lot of attention to specific
terms related to political and state life; We face
issues of political parties, government agencies,
public organizations, public organizations and
their activities, for example, the House of
Commons Security Council, the Security Council
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
02
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Pages:
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SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
METADATA
IF
–
7.356
of the Security Council, the term of office of the
office.
Although political terminology has a blood
circulation, mainly socio-political perspectives
are widely spread, socio-political perspectives
are widely spread and they penetrate all spheres
of life and are carried out by common heritage.
“President Clinton was shocked by the news that
she was praised for her praise,” the text said.
However, to raise eyebrows, we have to translate
the image of the English phrase into Uzbek:
"Clinton turns her face in surprise" or "Clinton's
speech surprised everyone."
In many cases, the desire to make an event
happen is actually: For example, it leads to the
cessation of the execution of inseparable
information, in which case, by drawing additional
information from the text of the article, the title
needs to apply for expansion.
It often requires a prior acquaintance with the
content of the text in order to properly
understand and translate the title.
English text translations, distinguished by a
recognizable cost, should be smoother than the
original language translation during the
abbreviation, as this is the style of all translators.
According to VV Vinogradov, “The history of
terminology is a story about the laws of
knowledge about nature and society. Words that
express specific political euphemisms are called
terms, the concept of certain areas of activity. The
sciences of the period show the world the level of
development in the antiquity of various realities
in the 20th century, during the development of
scientific and technological inventions and
human ideas, despite the need for new concepts
and their precise interpretations for each field.
C
ONCLUSION
However, the flow of information represents
events in the world. Narrow uses terms and
therefore presents them to a wide audience with
knowledge of political science. In the era of
globalization, the value of information for the use
of closed sources is very large, wars and attacks
are taking place, and it is necessary to name a
political movement in the international arena
where there are equivalents in translation
languages.
Moreover, you cannot replace euphemism with
another term and fully retain the same cognitive,
social, and methodological effects.
The relevance of the study of social and political
terminology shows not only the systematization
of existing lexical units and their unwanted
equivalents but also the formation of terminology
at the present stage in the national media, under
the influence of the English press, distortion and
difficulties in perceiving information are
reflected. Every year, languages are filled with
thousands of new words, and changes at the
lexical level of socio-political topics reflect the
processes of social development.
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Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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