Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
1
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Today, one of the other agronomic properties of this type of soil is that the amount of total nitrogen in the
soil depends on the amount of humus in the soil. its amount varies from 0.05% to 0.15%. Typical gray soils
are a very favorable medium for nitrification. The main part of nitrogen is found in the soil in the form of
nitrate and is in a form that is easily absorbed by the plant. In most cases, the amount of total phosphorus
is greater than the amount of total nitrogen. And in the upper layers of the soil, it is 0.1%-0.2%.
Typical irrigated gray soils contain a lot of remains of roots and other parts of the plant, relatively low soil
compaction, and humus is present in the plowed part of the soil. These processes have a negative impact
on soil fertility. The possibilities of application to modern production, analysis of solving problems,
elimination of excess water loss are the main tasks of today in the region.
K
EYWORDS
Area, water, soil, global climate, research method, water velocity.
I
NTRODUCTION
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
PROTECTION OF IRRIGATED AND NON-IRRIGATED AREAS
FROM WATER EROSION
Submission Date:
February 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 05, 2023,
Published Date:
February 10, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-02-01
Butayarov Abduqodir Tuxtaevich
Doctor Of Philosophy In Technical Sciences, (Phd), Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
2
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
The field experiment was carried out in 2021 -
2022 in an experimental plot on an area of 1.1 ha.
The mechanical structure of the soil is medium
loam, typical gray, underground water is located
18-20 m below, it has been used for irrigated
agriculture. The experiment was carried out in
the following system (Table 1).
In the research, cotton was planted with a
promising medium fiber. Irrigation was carried
out in the order of 70-70-60% soil moisture
relative to ChDNS. The experiment consisted of 9
options, each plot area was 240 m2, three rows,
one tier. In the researches, all observation
measurements and analyzes were carried out on
the basis of the methodology manual "Metodika
polevyx opytov s xlopchatnikom v usloviyax
oroshenia" adopted by PSUEAITI (Former
UzPITI), agrotechnical activities were carried out
in the order adopted by the farm. The parent rock
of the experimented area soil is unevenly formed,
it is covered with typical gray soils that have been
irrigated for a long time. According to soil
scientists such as P. N. Besedin, P. Suchkov, there
is information that one-third of Central Asian soil
consists of gray soils.
It is known that typical gray soils are
characterized by low humus content and
carbonation.
In studied irrigated typical gray soils, humus
content is 1.0-1.5%, total nitrogen is 0.08-0.1%,
phosphorus is 0.2-0.3%. The solubility of
phosphorous compounds is not significant due to
the high carbonation of the soil, so the level of
absorption by the plant is very low. According to
scientists A.Kudrin, A.N.Rozanov, M.A.Pankov,
typical gray soils are heavy sandy and medium
sandy in terms of mechanical composition. Also,
the volume mass of the soil is high and the
porosity is relatively low. In these soils, biological
processes are accelerated and the content of
saturated cations is high. The process of
nitrogenization of organic matter in the soil is
fast, while the mobility of nitrogen is high, while
the mobility of phosphorus is slow. The mobility
of potassium is average compared to the mobility
of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Another agronomic property of this soil type is
that the amount of total nitrogen in the soil
depends on the amount of humus in the soil. its
amount varies from 0.05% to 0.15%. Typical gray
soils are a very favorable medium for nitrification.
The main part of nitrogen is found in the soil in
the form of nitrate and is in a form that is easily
absorbed by the plant. In most cases, the amount
of total phosphorus is greater than the amount of
total nitrogen. And in the upper layers of the soil,
it is 0.1%-0.2%.
Typical irrigated gray soils contain a lot of
remains of roots and other parts of the plant,
relatively low soil compaction, and humus is
present in the plowed part of the soil.
The climate of the region is highly variable,
characterized by cold winters and hot summers.
The average annual precipitation is 500-600 mm,
most of which falls in the spring months.
Morphological description of the soil: Before
conducting
the
field
experiments,
the
experimental field was selected and sections
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
3
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
were dug according to the soil profile in order to
define the morphological structure of the soil. The
experimental field is covered with typical gray
soils that have been irrigated for a long time,
according to genetic layers by B.S.Kamilov,
A.S.Shamsiev and M.Ziyatov on 08.04.2015. (Part
No. 1) is described as follows:
Ax 0-30 cm. Khaydov layer, typical gray soil,
grayish (palevian) yellow color, the surface part is
dry downwards and has moderate humidity, the
middle sand has a mechanical composition, is less
dense in structure, small-sized, earthworms, their
tracks, and plant roots and remains are often
destroyed. passes to the next layer in terms of
density and color.
Ah.o. 30-50 cm. Subsoil layer, mechanical
composition is medium sand, color is darker than
upper layer, medium moisture content, more
dense than upper layer, has small granular
structure, many plant roots are found, there are
worm tracks from underground organisms, small
amounts of carbonates are found in the form of
small aggregates , goes to the next layer by color.
V1 50-70 cm. The color is lighter than the upper
layer, the humidity is moderate, it has a fine cut-
like structure, there are capillaries with fine
pores, there are many plant roots and worm
tracks, it is denser than the upper layer, the
mechanical composition is close to medium sand
and heavy sand, and it goes to the next layer in
terms of color.
V2 70-100 cm. The color is pale yellow, medium
moisture, small lumps, medium density, plant
roots and worm tracks are found, the mechanical
composition is medium sand, it goes to the next
layer in terms of color, density and moisture.
S1 100-120 cm. It is denser than the upper layer,
pale yellow in color, moisture is more than the
upper layer, the structure is fine-grained, the
mechanical composition is medium sand, plant
roots are rare, carbonate salts are found in the
form of small hard bundles (1.0-1.5 cm), the
density of the next layer is wins by
S2 120-160 cm. Flowing yellow color,
structureless, mechanical composition is medium
sand, humidity is above average, plant roots are
very rare, carbonates are abundant in the form of
lumps of hard, edged, gravel-like (2.0-2.5)
(horny) appearance, deepening downwards. has
a structure similar to the upper layer.
Old irrigated, typical gray soils with deep
underground water are formed as a result of
many years of irrigation due to irrigation, agro-
measures used in farming, and external effects of
climate. The studied soils are mainly washed to
varying degrees, belong to the category of
medium and heavy sandy loam soils. Depending
on the level of leaching, the amount of humus and
nutrients in these soils is different. It can be seen
from the data that at the beginning of the growing
period of cotton, the content of humus in the 0-30
cm tillage layer of the soil is on average 0.823%,
the total nitrogen and phosphorus is 0.068-
0.091%, and the nitrate content is 19.0 mg/kg,
and the mobile forms of phosphorus and
potassium are respectively 27.3 and was 277.3
mg/kg. In the 30-50 cm layer under the drive,
these parameters are proportionately 0.598% of
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
4
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
humus, 0.045 and 0.068% of total nitrogen and
phosphorus, 10.3 mg/kg of nitrates, 16.4 and
163.3 mg/kg of mobile forms of phosphorus and
potassium. will be around. 50-70 cm below the
subsurface layers of the soil; At a depth of 70-100
cm, it is observed that the forms of mobile
nutrients decrease sharply.
It is known that the summer months in
Uzbekistan are mostly without precipitation.
However, in June, the amount of precipitation was
19.8 mm, which was 7.7 mm more than in many
years. No precipitation was observed in July. In
August, the amount of precipitation was 3.6 mm,
which was 1.1 mm more than the annual average,
while in September (4.8 mm) it was close to the
annual average.
It can be seen that in the year of the experiment,
the observed amount of precipitation was the
same and different from the seasons. Heat is one
of the most necessary factors for plants. If any
plant does not receive the necessary amount of
temperature, it will not fully develop and
produce.
According to the obtained data, the sum of useful
temperatures in April was 2460C, which was
980C higher than the long-term average, while
May was 590C higher. In the summer months, the
sum of useful temperatures was 15970C. From
these figures, we can observe that the sum of
useful temperatures in the summer months is
1360C higher than the perennial one.
Precipitation in September amounted to 5.8 mm,
which is 0.9 mm more than the annual average for
September. In September and the first ten days of
October, the weather is favorable, and the cotton
crop can be harvested on time without wastage.
In August and September of 2021, the average
temperature was around 27.3 and 23.8 0C, which
was good for the development (ripening) of bolls
on the cotton bush. Precipitation in September
was 5.8 mm, which is 0.9 mm more than the
annual average. In September and the first ten
days of October, the weather is favorable, and the
cotton crop can be harvested on time without
wastage. Relative humidity in April 2021 was 73
percent, or 12 percent more than the perennial,
and by August and September, it was 55 and 66
percent, while the perennial was 48 and 49
percent.
In 2021, the sum of average useful temperatures
was 159 and 350 oC in spring April and May,
which was 11 and 35 oC more than the annual
average, while it was around 503 and 555 oC in
the summer months of June and July, compared to
the annual average in June and July. 43 and 24 oS
were accumulated a lot. In August and September,
it was 536 and 415 °C, which was 66 and 115 °C
more than the annual average.
Therefore, the weather conditions of 2021, in
particular
air
temperature,
amount
of
precipitation, relative air humidity, and the sum
of useful temperature, indicate that it is favorable
for optimal growth and development of cotton in
the region and obtaining high and quality cotton
harvest.
It is known that the summer months in
Uzbekistan are mostly without precipitation.
However, in June, it was observed that the
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
5
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
amount of precipitation was 10.0 mm, which was
2.0 mm more than in many years. No precipitation
was observed in July. In August, the amount of
precipitation was 1.0 mm, which was 1.5 mm
more than the annual average, while in
September (4.9 mm) it was close to the annual
average.
It can be seen that in the years of the experiment,
the amount of precipitation observed by seasons
was the same and not uniform. Heat is one of the
most necessary factors for plants. If any plant
does not receive the necessary amount of
temperature, it will not fully develop and
produce.
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EFERENCES
1.
Decree No. PF-6024 dated July 10, 2020 of
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E.B., M.T. Muhamadieva, Technology of
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25, 2017. Рр. 109
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A.T.,
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B.S.
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Butayarov A.T. Status of water use in the
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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
6
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
10.
Butayarov
A.T.,
Serikbaev
B.S.
Improvement of water use in farms in the
territory of Amu-Surkhan ITXB. Scientific
bulletin of TerDU is a scientific-methodical
journal. #1.(01) September. -Termiz,
2019. Рр.16
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