Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
157
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
157-162
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Although the primary requirements for a term in linguistics are that it expresses only one meaning and be
devoid of expressiveness, research has shown that it possesses all the characteristics of language units in
the lexical layer. There are hyponymy, synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, and antonymy. If we dwell on the
phenomenon of hyponymy, this phenomenon is considered not only for terms pertaining to military
equipment but also for all areas of the military field; gender-species relations are manifested plainly in
each of them.
K
EYWORDS
Hyponymy, synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, antonymy, military terms.
I
NTRODUCTION
A microsystem is a group of terms associated with
a term of the same gender [1, p. 54]. It is possible
to comprehend the series of words expressing the
hyponymy-gender-species relationship and the
series of words created in organic connection,
expressing the mutual sequence of lexical units,
that express the hierarchyonymic relationship [2,
p. 87]. The concepts that unite around the term
expressed in the sense of gender in the gender-
species relationship are regarded as species.
Consequently,
the
combination
of
its
manifestations surrounding the primary concept
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Research Article
THE PARADIGM OF THE MEANING OF TERMS RELATED TO
MILITARY EQUIPMENT
Submission Date:
May 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 25, 2023,
Published Date:
May 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-05-25
Laylo Madorimovna Kazakova
Independent Researcher, National University of Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
158
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
157-162
SJIF
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(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
is known as hyponymy. In the case of hyponymy,
for instance, the names machine gun, pistol,
automatic, rifle, and automatic canon can be
interpreted as types of weapons [3, p. 11]. The
term machine gun can simultaneously refer to a
type and a gender. This is demonstrated by the
following examples. The type of machine gun [3,
p. 11], such as the Maksim, Shpagin, and Sudayev
pistols, among others. It can be seen from the
preceding example that the semantics of sema
contains all the elements that denote the concept
of gender.
In recent years, the phenomenon of hyponymy, a
new type of lexical-semantic relations, has
acquired special significance in determining the
position of terms in the language and in creating
dictionaries. However, it should be emphasized
that the analysis of synonymy, antonymy, and
homonymy of lexical units is limited in the
majority of works on the semantics of terms.
Hyponymy can be understood as a series of words
that convey the gender-species relationship, as
well as a hierarchical series resulting from this
phenomenon. Gender-species relations manifest
distinctly the peculiarities of a particular
linguistic concept. At this point, we can say that
the concept of gender is a core term, whereas
those in the meaning of species represent a
generalization of knowledge surrounding it. This
perspective is primarily beneficial for the
creation of thematic dictionaries [4, p. 103]. This
language phenomenon can serve as the basis for
creating monolingual or bilingual terminological
dictionaries in languages, allowing the user to
obtain complete information about the main
word. While studying the phenomenon of
hyponymy in the system of terms related to
military equipment, we came to the conclusion
that partonymy should be studied separately in
the field of military equipment terms. Because
this linguistic procedure expresses whole-part
relations. For instance, a weapon is a significant
piece of military equipment because it can
contain an infinite number of terms. Any technical
tool comprises of a number of components and
supplementary tools. In the language of
lexicographic imagery, this phenomenon, along
with hyponymy, has its own relevance. Permits
precise interpretation of the whole from its
elements.
The terminology associated with military
equipment is part of a vast and intricate system of
terms that contains an infinite number of terms.
In the terminology of languages, the phenomenon
of synonymy is regarded as a negative process.
This is primarily because it prevents the
exhaustive investigation of any scientific
phenomenon [5, p. 149]. The phenomenon of
synonymy can be observed in every discipline of
language, regardless of the field examined. For
instance, linguistics is a synonym of the term
language studies, and language studies is a
synonym of the concept linguistics. It is
understood that although synonyms are words of
distinct forms, the concepts they express are the
same or similar, i.e., they consist of the mutual
meaning of multiple words [6, p. 52].
We can say that synonymous linguistic elements
constitute a system. In other words, they
constitute a system. What is essential is that they
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VOLUME
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Pages:
157-162
SJIF
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5.636
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6.741
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OCLC
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1368736135
represent the same denotation, with each
denotation
differing
based
on
distinct
characteristics. And we define synonyms as
words that can be substituted for one another.
However, in the general consumer lexicon, such a
phenomenon is viewed as positive, because first
and foremost, synonyms are used to prevent
repetition in expressing ideas, whereas in
terminology, such phenomena are viewed as
negative,
as
they
lead
to
various
misunderstandings. In the end, terms that are
regarded to be the result of scientific and
technological
advancement
are
typically
unambiguous.
Due to various discoveries, the term, which is the
result of scientific and technological development
and includes terms related to military apparatus,
is continuously acquiring new meanings. As a
result of the discovery of, say, a new form of
weapon, the old weapon takes on a new
appearance and design.
The existence of synonymy in the system of terms
pertaining to military equipment, which has
reached a certain level of development and has a
place in the vernacular, can be explained as
follows:
- new designations in the field due to technical
development;
- the emergence of synonyms in the system of
terms as well as appropriations. Semantically,
synonyms in the military materiel terminology
system can be divided into the following groups:
1. Synonymous terms for weapons: pistolet
–
to‘pponch
a, qurol
–
yarog‘ komplekslari –
qurol-
yarog‘
namunalari,
qurolsizlanish
–
demilitarizatsiya, nishon
–
obyekt, etc.
2. Synonymy between the terms expressing
distinct military equipment-
related actions: yo‘q
qilish
–
yanchish, o‘q uzmoq –
o‘t ochmoq.
It is said that the interdependence of a
concept's meanings is the defining characteristic
of polysemy. Homonyms have opposite meanings
and are semantically unrelated. The only
discernible similarity is phonetic. However, it
must be acknowledged that in most instances it is
difficult to differentiate them.
Ambiguity is the condition in which linguistic
elements have multiple meanings [7, p. 12]. Some
linguists have noted that the terms encompass all
the characteristics of the literary language's
lexicon, including ambiguity. In linguistics,
however, there are those who believe the term
should only have one connotation. As an
illustration, consider the notion that in linguistics,
unambiguity,
self-sufficiency,
and
monofunctionality of terms predominate [8, p.
77].
It is possible to demonstrate through examples
that ambiguity exists even within the terms of
military equipment. In the short explanatory
dictionary of military terms [3], for instance, the
ambiguity of the term “automatic machine” in
Uzbek is made abundantly apparent.
AUTOMATIC
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1) automatic personal handgun;
2) a device (a set of devices) that performs all
operations in the processes of receiving,
transmitting and distributing energy, materials or
information according to a given program
without direct human participation;
3) in cybernetics
–
a mathematical model of a
device that processes discrete information.
From our observations, homonymy can be found
in terminological systems as well as in the general
lexical layer of the language.
TANK is a tracked, armored and off-road combat
vehicle.
TANK 1) liquid storage compartment of a ship
designed for liquid transportation; 2) tank
intended for storage of liquid on board.
As you can see, it can be concluded that the term
"tank" for military equipment is a homonymous
and ambiguous lexical unit at the same time.
AMPHIBIA 1) an animal that can live both in
water and on land; 2) a plant that grows both in
water and on land; 3) tank, car that can move both
on water and on land; an aircraft that can take off
and land both on water and on land.
The first definition of the term amphibian is
zoology, the second is botany, and the third is
military apparatus. At this juncture, it is possible
to conclude that the terms can be related to
multiple fields as well as the general lexical layer.
Their significance is only apparent within the
context of their application.
It is necessary to examine the opposite side of a
process in order to fully comprehend it.
According to linguists’ conclusions, the
phenomenon of antonymy even dominates
terminology. When systematizing field concepts
and determining their position within the system,
identifying and explaining antonyms is
considered to be of utmost importance.
V. Danilenko antonymy, words with opposite
meanings, have ceased to be conveyed in the
terminology nearly as frequently as in the general
literary language [9, pp. 22-25]. According to Yo.
Odilov, antonyms are the propelling force behind
language development, they aid in speech
economy, and they aid in memory [10]. The
primary characteristic of antonyms is that they
have opposite meanings. This linguistic
procedure is essential for the systematization of
concepts. The majority of terms pertaining to
military equipment contain concepts with
contradictory meanings, which are manifested
primarily through lexical antonymy. At the same
time, it was discovered that antonymy
phenomena are prevalent in languages due to the
affixation process.
The phenomenon of antonymy in the terminology
of military technology refers to concepts with
opposite meanings in this subject. From a
linguistics perspective, terminological antonyms
are classified as either singular or compound, just
as terms can be either natural or artificial.
Qurollanish
–
qurolsizlanish, qurollanish
–
demilitarizatsiya,
minalashtirish
–
minasizlantirish are single antonyms.
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As mentioned previously, the opposite
relationship occurs through word-forming
additions in the language. It is known that the
Uzbek suffixes -li and -siz are considered active in
the construction of negation, and the following
examples demonstrate that the language did not
restrict the terminology of military equipment.
Comparing minorali zirhli trasportyor
–
minorasiz zirhli trasportyor. In addition, we are
all familiar with the prevalent words that have the
opposite meaning. kalibrdan yirik snaryad -
kalibrdan kichik snaryad, og‘ir ognemyot
-engil
ognemyot are examples of antonyms formed by
combining these terms with technical equipment.
C
ONCLUSION
In conclusion, despite the fact that the primary
characteristic of the terms is highlighted in the
majority of studies, they are distinguished by
their broad semantic range. On the basis of
linguistic evidence, it has been demonstrated in
numerous
studies
that
polysemanticity,
synonymy, and homonymy are the primary
characteristics of the universal lexicon. On the
basis of the conducted analysis, gender-species
relations and partonomy are defining features of
the system of terms pertaining to military
equipment and can be utilized to create a
dictionary. Both of the analyzed linguistic
phenomena necessitate a more in-depth
introduction to the field.
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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Pages:
157-162
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
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OCLC
–
1368736135
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