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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
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03
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05
Pages:
111-118
SJIF
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(2021:
5.478
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(2022:
5.636
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6.741
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1368736135
A
BSTRACT
In this article, Aesthetic skills represent a system of attitudes and values that are inextricably linked with
the spiritual and emotional activity of a person. the social-pedagogical necessity of developing aesthetic
skills of teachers, development of creative abilities in the drawing education system, formation of aesthetic
skills of future drawing teachers is a topical issue.
K
EYWORDS
Ability, methodology, independent education, subject, aesthetic skills, instructional tools, concept,
instruction, perception, student, teacher, Morphological approach.
I
NTRODUCTION
Aesthetic skills represent a system of attitudes
and values that are inextricably linked with the
spiritual and emotional activity of a person. The
field of aesthetic skills is connected with the free
self-expression of a person in relation to reality.
The essence of this freedom is that a person can
find and emdiv a norm suitable for his gender
and type when processing natural things.
Aesthetic skill is a specialized part of society's
culture, and its condition can be explained in
connection with the development of art and
aesthetic relations.
Journal
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Research Article
THE ROLE OF APPLIED ART IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
AESTHETIC SKILLS OF STUDENTS
Submission Date:
May 19, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 24, 2023,
Published Date:
May 29, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-05-18
Toshpulatov Fakhriddin Uralovich
TERDPI Senior Teacher V/B Associate Professor, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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Pages:
111-118
SJIF
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5.636
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(2023:
6.741
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1368736135
The concept of "esthetic skill" is given various
descriptions, and the study of the aesthetic
culture of a person requires different approaches
in philosophy, sociology, aesthetics, and
pedagogy. The study of the aesthetic skill of a
person requires the study of the concept of
"person" and the identification of definitions from
different perspectives that are close to our
research.
The concept of "aesthetic skills" is interpreted in
different ways: "social", "operational" tool (O.
Larmin); a unique view of artistic culture (L.
Kagan, I. Matsa); "human acquisition of existing
objective values and norms of his activity aimed
at creating such values" (U. Suna); this is the
creative-creative,
spiritual-observation
and
scientific-theoretical aspects of a person that are
interrelated in individual-aesthetic skills (M.
Piradov); it is a complex integrative product of an
individual whose consciousness, feelings, abilities
interact with each other. It is a set of unique
qualities that allow a person to fully perceive,
evaluate and create sophistication (M. Verb).
Aesthetic attitude and the system of aesthetic
values corresponding to it are stable aspects of
aesthetic skills. The characteristics of aesthetic
skills are determined by the specificity of the
activity that forms its basis.
Activity means a person's relationship with
objects in relation to existence. Due to activity, a
person reproduces and changes nature, therefore,
activity is the basis of human creativity2. Activity
is a social way of human existence and includes
spiritual, material and intellectual processes. The
activity expresses both the direction of thoughts
similar to the movement of the hand and the
cognitive process similar to the rules of human
behavior. The following three aspects are
necessary for the activity to work:
-
subject of activity,
-
object of activity,
-
activity process.
The subject of activity is a set of active aspects
directed at an object or other subjects. In this
sense, a specific person, one or another social
group, and finally, the society itself can be the
subject of activity.
The subject of aesthetic activity is a person who
has aesthetic ability, creative free observation
and figurative thinking, and can act freely in
problematic situations. The subject is not limited
to the "understanding" of aesthetic values that are
available to him, but on the contrary, he processes
the object every time according to his disposition
and ideal.
In the process of aesthetic activity, the subject's
aesthetic needs are improved and enriched. The
sum of the aspects to which the activity of the
subjects is directed constitutes the object of
activity. Objects of nature, social phenomena, man
himself can be such an object. The main task of the
activity is to ensure the existence of human
society and serve its gradual development.
In practical art, this issue takes on a different
meaning, that is, here the aesthetic goal is
independent,
creating
sophistication
and
perfection is the main, only goal in art. Therefore,
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the activity through practical art can educate a
person, challenge him to fight, awaken his
thoughts, affect his feelings, make him laugh or
cry. Therefore, aesthetic activity means to
perceive, know and create proportion (harmony),
elegance and perfection in accordance with the
purpose. Accordingly, the activity aimed at
creating values and making a person beautiful can
be called aesthetic activity.
Depending on the direction and subject, aesthetic
activity can be divided into the following types:
1. Aesthetic equipment of the subject
environment, that is, aesthetic activity in the field
of material production:
- design;
- artistic and practical activity in creating living
conditions;
-artistic furnishing of natural and social existence
by man;
- bouquet - the art of making a bouquet;
- folk art, etc.
2.Esthetically educating a person. This includes:
- aesthetics of behavior;
- ethics of life;
- the culture of recreation and health restoration;
- naturalizing a healthy aesthetic attitude to
nature; - the role of national culture in personal
aesthetic nature; - aesthetic activity in the field of
physical education and sports.
3. Creating works of art. This artist's:
- creative ability;
- the ability to turn life events into artistic events;
- the extreme observation and memory power of
the artist;
- to be able to understand the inner world of a
person, to deeply understand that psychological
processes can be manifested in a person's
external appearance; -itetadad means something
like talent.
Aesthetic activity can be divided into two major
types in terms of form. Of these: the first is the
intellectual or theoretical form of aesthetic
activity. This includes simple and theoretical
manifestations of aesthetic consciousness -
aesthetic experience, observation, taste, ideal,
views, etc.; the second - forms of aesthetic activity
in the subject-practical form. It consists of the
practical embodiment of the main aesthetic ideas,
standards, and imaginations in concrete objects,
works of art, and cultural values.
The following are the aesthetic skills of society:
- the processes and results of aesthetic
assimilation of nature, life, social relations; level
of art development;
- the state of aesthetic views, tastes and interests
of social class, groups;
- the education and practice of sophistication and
the level of socio-aesthetic activity of people.
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VOLUME
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Pages:
111-118
SJIF
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5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
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1368736135
Mastering the values of aesthetic skills is carried
out on the basis of the interrelationship of
personal and social experience, in which the
individual's aesthetic worldview, skills of
selective attitude to values, perceptions of
sophistication and perfection, the object world,
the values of art Knowledge of forms of
perception, aesthetics, art history is an important
factor. Thus, the aesthetic skills of a person
consist of methods of creating, mastering and
consuming aesthetic values.
On the other hand, aesthetic skills emdiv not
only aesthetic, but also the characteristics of
religious, moral, knowledge, and organizational
cultures. It can be said that applied art (as a
culture of creative activity) and consumer culture
(as a culture of using artistic values) can be
expressed in the field of aesthetic skills. In applied
art, not only aesthetic, but also religious,
epistemological, organizational, moral needs and
abilities apply.
Moral ideas such as virtue, justice, and courage
find their artistic expression in folk art and
interact with moral culture. True humanistic art
does not shy away from highlighting the moral
problems of society, but at the same time conveys
them to the reader in a unique way. It also fulfills
the function of organizational culture by inviting
people to show higher moral behavior.
In the conditions of national independence, the
importance of aesthetic skills, like all elements of
spiritual culture, is increasing.
First, in the process of transition to market
relations, real opportunities are being created for
the free manifestation of social and personal
qualities of people, their consciousness, and
creative activity in all aspects of social life.
Secondly, on the basis of the special place of
personal interests, the efficiency of people's
creative activities is increasing, personal
initiative, entrepreneurship, and business
qualities are widely manifested in the
organization of production.
Thirdly, the further development of production
relations, the priority of democratic values in the
management of society, the qualitative
improvement of people's activities lead to the
development of aesthetic skills.
Fourthly, the establishment of joint ventures with
foreign firms in the field of production, the
introduction of world scientific and technical
development achievements into Uzbekistan, the
equipping of production with new equipment
require the development of socio-psychological,
moral-aesthetic qualities and qualities in
producers. is enough. Exporting products to the
world market is considered one of the criteria for
taking a suitable and unique place, as well as
achieving quality capabilities and aesthetic
stability in the field of production. The role of
aesthetic skills is great in solving such a social
task.
R
ESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The structure of aesthetic skills is multi-layered
and primarily includes:
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1. People's aesthetic consciousness. It is
expressed in needs, goals, tastes, views, concepts,
ideals, theories.
2. Aesthetic moments in different forms of activity
(at work, in marriage, in communication, in social
life, in sports).
3. Aesthetic education is an aesthetic experience
that is consciously and purposefully passed on
from generation to generation, from society to
individuals. It applies in all spheres of education
(school, people's practical life) through tools that
are understandable to people (aesthetic
equipment of life, work, communication between
people, art tools).
We distinguish the following aspects related to
the concept of "aesthetic skills": the main
indicators of aesthetic importance of a person are
his social activity aimed at re-changing existence
"on the basis of the laws of sophistication", that is,
sophistication is a social experience and
interaction to establish communication; the main
result of forming and improving the aesthetic
skills of a modern person on the basis of national
and universal aesthetic values is to achieve an
"aesthetically rich outlook".
Therefore, aesthetic skills are inextricably linked
with history, ideology, social life and society; it is
an important component of general culture;
integrative product of the person; we can see the
essence of aesthetic skills, first of all, in the
following: its content in the individual, social
spheres, specific aesthetic direction and activities,
realization of one's creative abilities in the
process of communicative management.
Folk art, which is one of our national values,
serves not only to develop artistic taste in
students, but also to form a culture of perception
of existence and an aesthetic attitude towards
them. It aims to direct the students' artistic
inclinations in a practical way, to have a correct
attitude towards home furnishings and clothes,
and to understand the aesthetic essence of works
of applied and decorative art of ancient and
modern times. they say. Acquainting students
with imagery in the works of folk masters helps to
develop an aesthetic attitude in existence.
Studying the elements of folk art is not only
important for forming students' aesthetic attitude
to existence and expanding the range of artistic
thought, but also for children's visual and creative
activities. Pupils make paintings on a theme
related to the life of the ancient people, they are
simple household items (pot, carpet, tray, plate,
plate, teapot, bowl, box, lamp, tulip, sand , khum,
chest, chaidish, khontakha, grill, etc.), they have to
describe wood and Ganch carvings. In this, the
knowledge and concepts they have gained from
folk art will come in handy. The works of folk art
serve to satisfy people's daily life needs, to add
beauty to the surroundings, gardens, and the
exterior and interior of houses. This art differs
from easel art in that it is directly adapted to the
needs of the people and is connected with the
content of the objects used in human life. Practical
and decorative art reflects existing things in life
(for example, flowers, life pictures, etc.).
However, they do not have independent
characteristics, but are connected with the
content and form of a certain item and serve to
decorate it. Practical works of art are created as a
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product of somewhat free-creative thinking, and
it is aimed at bringing joy to the environment. For
example, a silent column, door, gates, colored
patterns and embossed images used on the
outside and inside of walls can be given as an
example. Applied folk art appeared in very
ancient times, developed in the form of folk crafts
and became the oldest developed and living form
of art.
Spirituality is the key to the spiritual and mental
world of a person. It is a concept emdiving the
inner life, mental experiences, intellectual ability,
and perception of a society, nation or individual.
A
NALYSIS AND RESULTS
Spirituality in a broad sense includes the concepts
of meaning and culture. Moral education is a set
of a person's attitude towards his Motherland,
character, representatives of other nations, work,
people and himself.
The world of spirituality will be enriched with
new meaning and content only if all-round
reasonable scientific answers are found to the
age-old and eternal problems of this complex
world, and at the same time to the current issues
of each era. In other words, every scientific
innovation, created discovery gives impetus to a
new thought and worldview, and through
training, the work that is being done in our
Republic today to educate young people in an
ethical and aesthetic spirit, that is why, through
club training, young people are freed. effective
use of time and education of students is an urgent
problem of this research work.
In the development of applied art in the Republic
of Uzbekistan, prof. R. Hasanov, S. Bulatov, Q.
Kasimov, B.Q. Kholmatov, Ye.V. Lebedeva, K.M.
Ghulomov, M.B. We can take as an example the
researches of Ahmedov, M.K Mirzakhmedov, H.
Egamov, M. Nabiyev and many other scientists.
For example, if we take Q. Kasimov's book
"Naqqoshlik", it unintentionally dwells on the
effective use and preservation of the people's
heritage. Of course, in this book we also find
aspects that serve to improve the quality and
efficiency of education and to educate students'
aesthetic taste. In addition, S. Bulatov's book
"Uzbek folk practical decorative art" [2] describes
the rich heritage and practical art of the Uzbek
people: jewelry, goldsmithing, painting, carving,
stone carving, Learn about wood carving, knife
making, pottery, jewelry, embroidery, carpet
weaving, basket weaving, etc. we will strengthen.
Another book of S. Bulatov, "Rangnoslik" [3],
describes the colors that are the basis of practical
art, the brilliance of colors, the history of their
origin, and the technology of their use. However,
since these brochures and books did not cover the
topic "Development of applied art in the Republic
of Uzbekistan (as an example of Samarkand
painting)" and the work done on this issue was a
minority, I decided to take my dissertation topic
on this topic.
C
ONCLUSIONS
In this article, the following conclusions were
reached during the study of the pedagogical and
psychological foundations of the development of
aesthetic skills of future drawing teachers.
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1. It has been determined that the aesthetic skills
of the future drawing teachers are personal,
universal, knowledge related to the field of
graphics, skills, abilities, creative approach, social
orientation of the person, and in general,
integrative activities that ensure the performance
of tasks in the field of graphics .
2. To create a creative environment in the
educational process for the improvement of
aesthetic skills of future drawing teachers, to
design the process of developing aesthetic skills,
to create a single information environment that
provides students with information about the
subject in an interactive mode, "Drawing »
Pedagogical and psychological opportunities for
creating a single system of organizing a holistic
educational process using special educational and
methodological support during the study of an
educational subject have been determined.
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