Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
207
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
207-212
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Simple didactic materials used in engineering education are models, their advantages are that they can
demonstrate movement, hold hands and control their movement. In the process of use, future engineers
can easily visualize the complex objects being studied, methods of their preparation in an educational
institution and the definition of layouts are presented.
K
EYWORDS
Design, pressure, temperature, models, layouts, physical models, geometric models.
I
NTRODUCTION
Models are one type of didactic materials used in
the training of future engineers for professional
activities. They differ from previous ordinary
didactic materials by their advantages such as
volume size, the ability to show movement, the
ability to hold and control its movement.
Therefore, when we use them, future engineers
can easily visualize the complex objects under
study. Models can come to the school ready, we
can prepare them ourselves in the conditions of
the school.
A model is a prototype of the studied object made
similar to itself, which is made with all-round
simplification. This is modeling, and the model
being prepared is brought to a suitable scale. First
of all, attention is paid to the geometric scale, that
is, it is brought to the scale of the audience. Small
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Research Article
THE IMPORTANCE OF MODELS AND LAYOUTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF FUTURE ENGINEERS FOR PROFESSIONAL
ACTIVITIES
Submission Date:
July 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 25, 2023,
Published Date:
July 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-07-35
Adilov N. Kh.
A Senior Teacher Of The Department Of Chemical Technology Of The Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Doctor
Of Philosophy
(Phd) In Рedagogical Sciences
, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
208
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
207-212
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
objects can be enlarged, large objects can be
reduced, some objects can be made in their own
size if they are close to the audience scale. As a
result, it will be convenient to use them. If our
model is moving, we also need to pay attention to
the force scale. The driving forces, such as
rotational motion, pressure, temperature,
friction, current and other forces, must be
proportional to the geometric dimensions of the
model. Otherwise, if the force is small or large
compared to the dimensions of the model, we will
not be able to show the desired movement.
The model should be simplified as much as
possible. It is enough to have basic geometric
elements and details that perform the main work,
otherwise it will be uncomfortable to use.
The appropriateness of the model is determined
by the desire to achieve a certain result and its
importance. Practice shows that the real
effectiveness of education is the maximum
possible matching of the goal and the results
obtained according to all the specified
parameters. It can be seen that the vagueness and
non-diagnosability of goals make the multi-
planned and multi-layered system of evaluation
of educational results predictable and arbitrary.
Accordingly, the scientific research of V.I.
Andreev [1] discusses the problem of scientific
setting of educational goals and improvement of
the set goals.
In most technical schools, laboratory work in
electrical engineering and physics is performed
on various sized and complex electrical devices,
such as ANN-70, ANN-90, "Razryad"-1. Such
large-scale machines and devices require a lot of
space and require special laboratories to install
them. In addition, they do not have the
opportunity to conduct independent laboratory
work for each future engineer. One more active
student in the group does the work, while the
others participate as simple passive observers.
Also, it takes a lot of money to buy and install such
a variety of huge and complex machinery. In this
sense, the development and creation of a model of
a
small-scale
universal
teaching-artificial
laboratory device complex has an important
pedagogical value. This can be justified by the fact
that in small-scale devices, each future engineer
will have the opportunity to carry out laboratory
work on an individual basis, to have deep
knowledge, solidity and efficiency.
V.V. Kraevskiy mentions that the process of
modeling scientific knowledge is especially
difficult for pedagogy and at the same time
necessary [2].
The process of initial preparation of a simple
model of a high-voltage universal TV device from
TV or computer parts is shown in Figure1.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
209
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
207-212
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Picture 1. The process of preliminary preparation of a physical model of a didactic electronic
device.
Below, as a result of our many years of creative research, we created a physical model of a 25 kV didactic
electronic device from TV and computer parts in order to implement interdisciplinary integration in the
essence of the STEAM educational methodology in Figure 2
2
–
picture. Created physical model of high-voltage universal teledevice.
On the basis of the use of didactic artificial
electronic devices, future engineers will increase
their interest in the integration of electrical
engineering, physics, material sciences and direct
the study process to scientific and creative
activities.
Another characteristic of the modeling method,
which is of great importance in pedagogical
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VOLUME
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5.478
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research, is its universality. This model is not tied
to any particular stage of research and can be
used in many stages. Another important aspect of
the modeling method for the researcher is that it
is the implementation of prediction (prognostic),
which is important in pedagogy. Modeling is the
study of objects of some events, processes or
systems with the creation of their models,
optimization of the methods of construction of
new objects from models, and determination or
specification of their characteristics [3; 4; 5].
We mainly distinguish three types of models.
These are geometric, physical and functional
models.
Physical models represent the physical
properties of the object being studied. For
example, we use physical models to represent
friction, pressure, temperature, magnetic field,
rotational motion, and other properties.
Continuing with the above example, we can
explain that the physical model of the cylinder
and piston of an internal combustion engine, as a
result of the increase in temperature in the
combustion chamber of the cylinder, creates
pressure and forces the piston to move.
Geometric models provide information about the
geometric properties of the studied object, that is,
relative sizes, shape and geometric elements. For
example, the geometric model of the cylinder and
piston of an internal combustion engine provides
information about its geometric structure and
relative dimensions.
Functional models are distinguished by their
complexity. They are designed to show the
function of the studied object, and show the
operations performed, such as walking, lifting,
cutting. If we develop the example given above,
we can show that the advance-return movement
of the piston in the internal combustion engine
gives a rotational movement to the crankshaft
and the function performed by the engine.
Layouts are considered more complex than
models and can contain multiple objects. In this
regard, the layout may contain several models.
They can be models of technological machines
and equipment, models of buildings and
structures, and models of technological
processes. In engineering education, with the
help of models of technological machines and
equipment, we can show their structure, principle
of operation and technological operations. For
example, if we take a model of a drilling machine,
it may consist of the main elements of the
machine: a table for fixing the jig, a machine div,
a drill, an electric motor, and a rail.
Models of buildings and structures are designed
to show the structure, location and function of
buildings and structures in different buildings.
For example, a model of a residential building, a
model of an elevator. In such layouts, we can show
the elements of the building, the structure of the
structure, what kind of technological machines
and equipment it consists of, what kind of
technological operations they perform among
themselves.
Models of technological processes are the most
complex models, they are a complex model that
provides information about the entire enterprise.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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VOLUME
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Pages:
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SJIF
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5.636
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6.741
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1368736135
It may also contain models of various models,
technological machines and equipment, as well as
models of buildings and structures. With the help
of such models, the technological operations or
processes performed from bringing raw
materials to the production of products can be
imitated. As a result, future engineers are more
interested in studying this process, and it
becomes easier to imagine and understand it. For
example, if we take the model of a cement plant,
then the production buildings and structures of
the enterprise will be placed in this model based
on a sequential technological process.
Such layouts can even be made movable. In
general, these models will greatly help future
engineers to develop their professional skills,
learn to manage the sequence of technological
operations during the production of products. At
this point, if we also touch on the stands, these are
didactic materials that are part of complex
exhibition materials. Therefore, the stands, unlike
ordinary didactic materials, are used mainly as
fixed ones. Stands can emdiv several topics in
one direction, even a whole science. Therefore, all
kinds of didactic materials can be used at the
stands. They provide summarized information.
Stands can be related to the study of topics,
technological machinery and equipment, or
chemical technological processes.
In conclusion, physical models show the physical
properties of the studied object. For example,
physical models are very important to show
friction, pressure, temperature, electric magnetic
field, rotational motion and other properties. In
the models, we can show the elements of the
building, the structure of the structure, what kind
of technological machines and equipment they
consist of, and what kind of technological
operations they perform among themselves.
These are very important for engineering
education. is important.
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
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Pages:
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SJIF
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