Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
133
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
133-139
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
In this topic, information is given about the concept of temperament in clinical psychology. The most
important characteristics of human temperament are considered to be impressionability and impulsivity,
which includes all the above parameters, and impressionability is equal to emotion, the power of
motivation, and they master the motor domain, the speed of action, and maintaining effective power
closeness to the meaning of impulsivity, distinguished by its stability, is described about the state of its
characteristic in terms of the dynamic characteristics of a person's mental activity.
K
EYWORDS
Cerebrotonia, individuality, introvert, mimicry, endomorph, somatotype, emotionality, extrovert,
introvert.
I
NTRODUCTION
The following definition of temperament is
accepted in clinical psychology. Temperament is
a characteristic of a person in terms of the
dynamic characteristics of his mental activity,
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Research Article
CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TEMPERAMENT
QUALITIES IN PSYCHOLOGY
Submission Date:
July 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 25, 2023,
Published Date:
July 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-07-24
Rashidova Gulnoza G‘Ulomovna
(Phd). Doctor Of Philosophy In Pedagogy Teacher Of The Jizzakh Branch Of The National University Of
Uzbekistan
Soyimnazarov Navro‘Zbek Baxtiyor O‘G‘Li
Student of the Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
134
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
133-139
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
that is, the pace, rhythm and intensity of
individual mental processes and states.
According to Sheldon, almost all individual
psychological characteristics and qualities of a
person are related to the somatic constitution and
manifest themselves depending on the presence
of parameters such as endo-, exo- or
mesomorphism,
viscero-,
somato,
or
cerebrotonia. Turning to Sheldon's classification,
we keep in mind that the relationship of
somatomorphotype with the parameters of
psychic individuality is not as clear as it is shown
in his concept.
Sheldon identified three somatotypes and
described the following characteristics:
Endomorph viscerotonic. Relaxed posture and
movement. Friendly, kind, easy to communicate
and even express their feelings. He likes
satisfaction and peace in treatment, guests,
society, comfort and conventions. Desires
sympathy and recognition, direct emotional
connection, proud but tolerant. A gourmand
sleeps well when he's drunk, speaks softly, or is
overly entertaining and melts a little. In difficult
times, a momentary sadness is what people are
prone to. Childhood tends to resurrect in the
imagination of family relationships.
Mesomor-somatic. A reliable position in motion.
Easy, extroverted in communication and actions,
but hidden in feelings and emotions.
Likes risk, competition, adventure, noise, sports.
Thirsty for power, warlike, mentally strong,
indifferent to physical pain. Aggressive,
determined and meticulous when drunk . Feeling
the need for physical exercise, the voice is raised.
Fear of strictness, imprisonment. In difficult
times, a momentary sadness prompts action.
Tends to reproduce in imagination the goals and
actions associated with adolescence.
Ectomorph-cerebrotonic. Stiffness and delay in
movements. Limited in communication, behavior
and emotions. Manages facial expressions and
gestures. Has a lively mind, observation,
diligence.
Introverted
in
communication,
secretive, avoids and fears society, large spaces. It
is characterized by unpredictable behavior, low
voice, sensitivity to pain, poor sleep and fatigue.
He likes solitude, and difficult moments tend to
him during times of grief. It resists the effects of
alcohol and other depressants. Imagination has
become the future.
The above classification of Sheldon reflects the
position
of
direct
correlation
of
the
somatomorphotype of a person with individuality
- characteristic features and personal qualities,
which is currently considered incorrect. For
example, the viscerotonic endomorph's tendency
to "relive his childhood" and become a gourmet
has little to do with his biological characteristics.
Sheldon's classification of temperaments, as well
as Kretschmer's systematics, can be classified as
having no clear division of individual human
characteristics into socially and biologically
determined ones. In addition, according to
ANLeontev's belief, based on the principles of
social determination of a person, the
characteristics of temperament are not capable of
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
135
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
133-139
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
creating personal qualities by themselves. There
is very convincing evidence that allows us to
emphasize that the connection between
psychodynamic characteristics (temperament)
and personal relationships is eliminated when
adopting an individual communication style (VS
Merlin).
In the most famous domestic classifications of
IPPavlov, temperament is equated with a type of
higher nervous activity, which also greatly
distorts the idea of the mechanisms of formation
of mental individuality.
Currently, within the framework of clinical
psychology, temperament is understood as a set
of dynamic characteristics of mental activity.
Parameters that can be used to diagnose
temperament include:
emotionality
speed of thought
speed of motor movements
politeness
of emotionality includes the concept of the speed
of emergence of an emotional reaction, effect or
experience after the onset of a stimulus or the
occurrence of an important situation; dominant
emotion modality; dominant and typical level of
expressiveness of emotional experiences;
temporal
characteristics
of
emotional
experiences - duration, stability, lability; severity
and direction of vegetative reinforcement of
emotional experience. Emotionality is one of the
important diagnostic parameters of clinical
assessment of temperament types. Externally,
emotionality is manifested by the following
alternative qualities: emotionality - emotional
coldness (differs in the depth of experiences),
emotional excitability - emotional non-arousal
(differs in the speed of the effect), emotional
stability - emotional lability. (differs in the
duration of storage of emotional experience of
one modality).
Any specific emotional experience is necessarily
accompanied by vegetative manifestations:
heartbeat (rapid or increased), changes in
breathing and thermoregulation, characteristics
of sweating and saliva, dryness or wetness,
redness or paleness of the skin, blood peristalsis
and vibrations acceleration or deceleration.
pressure and other signs. Distinguish the
sympathetic-adrenal and vagoinsular directions
of vegetative manifestations.
The second parameter of temperament is the
speed of thinking. In the clinic, this parameter is
evaluated based on the speed of formation of
associations (so-called quickness of mind) and
speed of speech (referring to speech style). They
can be evaluated, in particular, by the speed of
answering questions or tasks, and the speed of
pronouncing words and phrases. There are
people with high thinking speed (fast thinkers)
and low (slow thinkers or slow thinkers).
Thinking characteristics affect only quantitative
indicators,
qualitative
indicators
-
purposefulness, productivity, etc. are not taken
into account when evaluating temperament
types.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
136
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
133-139
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
The speed of motor movements reflects
sensorimotor reactivity, which is characterized
by the speed with which a response to a stimulus
occurs. As a rule, this is related to general
reactivity (speed of emergence of sensations,
speed of perception and reproduction). However,
externally, reactivity can be evaluated based on
the speed of motor movements. On the basis of
sensorimotor reactivity, individuals with average
indicators are distinguished, as well as those who
do not exceed them or do not exceed them. In a
unique way, it manifests itself in speed, agility,
agility or, conversely, slowness in walking,
running and performing everyday activities -
washing, dressing, etc.
Some scientists refer to the parameters of
temperament, which are similar to the
parameters of the speed of motor movements of
human activity, manifested by the frequency and
seriousness of daily activities and the readiness to
start them at any opportunity (impulsivity). The
antipode of a person who is focused on activity
and constant performance of any activity is a
passive person who avoids any activity. They also
differ based on their level of energy potential -
strength and focus on sustained activity.
, understood as a manifestation of a subjective or
objective orientation to communication, can be
considered a borderline phenomenon of mental
individuality. On the one hand, it enters into the
structure of temperament and is biologically
mediated; on the other hand, the nature of
education affects the process of formation of
community. According to this parameter, people
are open (extroverts) and closed (introverts).
Within the temperament characteristics, they are
distinguished not by qualitative indicators of
politeness, but only by quantitative indicators,
which include orientation and seriousness.
to be impressionability and impulsivity, which
includes all the above parameters . Impulsivity is
equivalent to emotion, and is close to the meaning
of impulsivity, which is characterized by the
strength of motivation, as well as the speed with
which they master the motor domain and initiate
action, and the stability of maintaining effective
power. to other parameters. Different types of
temperament can be correctly described and
diagnosed using the characteristics of affectivity
and impulsivity Distribution of temperament
types
temperament type
Indicators of impressionability (B) and
impulsivity (I).
choleric
B↑I↑
melancholic
B↑I↓
sanguine
B↓I↑
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
137
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
133-139
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
a phlegmatic person
B↓I↓
Choleric and melancholic temperament types are
similar in nature. The difference between choleric
and melancholic temperament types lies in the
different expression of impulsivity, which is even
reflected in the characteristics of emotionality.
Thus, in a choleric person, heightened
emotionality is characterized by various modality
effects that quickly appear and quickly disappear,
and often non-punitive orientation - anger,
irritability; fear, excitement and panic, joy and
excitement.
Emotional experiences in melancholics, as a rule,
last longer. They appear more slowly, but they
also decrease more slowly. There is a tendency to
cling to certain emotional experiences of various
styles and intrapunitive orientation - depression,
longing, sadness, guilt, shame, shyness. According
to the parameter of reduced emotionality
(sensitivity), sanguine and phlegmatic people are
similar . Their emotional experiences are not as
deep as the choleric or melancholic, but one
should not think that they are completely absent.
Externally, a decrease in the level of sensitivity is
manifested in their calm attitude towards
problems, psychotraumas and conflicts. They are
sometimes called "thick skin", that is, lack of
balance and bright emotional reactions to
external stimuli . Differences in the emotional
sphere of a sanguine and a phlegmatic person are
in the predominant modality of low and weak
manifestation of emotions. Phlegmatic, as a rule,
is indifferent to many aspects of life due to the
inertia of cognitive processes, while sanguine
reacts to many situations, but does not take it to
heart. Sometimes they talk about the inner
coldness of a good person with external
politeness and official sympathy.
The choleric parameter of impulsivity, which is
similar to that of a sanguine (high level) and
phlegmatic (low level) melancholic person, is
clinically manifested in the speed of sensorimotor
reactions and speed of mind, activity,
determination, persistence.
This, summing up the data on the clinical
manifestations of temperament, it can be said that
all of them reflect only the quantitative aspect of
mental activity. They do not carry a semantic load,
because they are a biological product.
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
133-139
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
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