Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
66
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
66-69
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Thermal expansion of substances. Deformation of a solid div, deformation and structure of a solid div,
strength of a material, plasticity of a substance, brittleness of a substance, thermal expansion, linear
expansion, thermal expansion of liquids, temperature dependence of water density, expansion when water
freezes and its consequences.
K
EYWORDS
Solid, volumetric expansion, linear expansion, brass, temperature.
I
NTRODUCTION
We know that hardness of materials is also
important in technology. If two materials are
given, whichever of them can leave a mark on the
surface of the other is considered solid. There is
no doubt that the materials used for sawing and
cutting metals should be harder than those that
are processed. Currently, extremely hard alloys
are used for these purposes. Diamond is the
hardest natural substance. It is known from
everyday life that the size of a heated div
increases, and the size of a cooled div decreases.
An increase in the linear dimensions and volume
of a div as a result of an increase in temperature
is called thermal expansion. As the temperature
increases, the total energy of the atoms increases,
which means that the amplitude of thermal
vibration increases. As a result, the average
distance between the equilibrium states of solid
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Research Article
STUDYING THE DEPENDENCE OF THE COEFFICIENT OF
LINEAR EXPANSION OF SOLID BODIES ON TEMPERATURE
Submission Date:
July 10, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 15, 2023,
Published Date:
July 20, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-07-12
Chorshanbiyeva N.A.
Termiz State University, Uzbekistan
Nazarov B.J.
Termiz State University, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
67
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
66-69
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
particles increases, that is, thermal expansion
occurs.
When objects are heated, their linear dimensions
change, and this phenomenon is called linear
expansion. This phenomenon is different for
bodies in different aggregate states. Atoms and
molecules of solids are strongly connected to each
other, so solids expand less than liquids and
gases. Instead, liquids and gases expand more
than solids, that is, liquids expand more than
solids, and gases expand more than liquids.
Humanity has been following these laws in
everyday life, technology, industry and other
fields. For example, we can take the example of
the wires between the beams in the power
transmission lines being stretched in a looser, i.e.,
suspended state, or leaving space between the
railway rails. Thermal expansion is divided into
two: volumetric and linear expansion.
Coefficient of volume expansion is the increase in
volume of a div of a certain volume when heated
by 10, i.e.
V=V
0
(1+a∆t)
(1)
explained by the formula.
The increase in length of a div of a certain length when heated to 10 is called the coefficient of linear
expansion. The coefficient of linear expansion is explained by the following formula:
L=L
0
(1+ a∆t)
(2)
The volume expansion coefficient of liquids is
almost the same and is equal to 1.27. In solid
bodies, this value changes, that is, the coefficient
of expansion has different values.
Determining the volume expansion coefficient is
studied in school textbooks based on the
following experiment. This experiment, based on
a metal ball and ring hanging on a string, is a clear
example of the expansion of objects due to heat.
The experiment is as follows: we hang a metal ball
on a strong heat-resistant thread. A ball hanging
on a string moves freely in the ring. We heat the
metal ball and watch it move in the ring. The
metal ball does not enter the ring, or if it is inside
the ring, it does not come out.
We will consider the coefficient of linear
expansion of solids under the influence of heat in
laboratory conditions based on the following
experiment.
We know that before performing each
experiment, it is necessary to carefully check the
working condition of the installation and strictly
follow the rules of technical safety.
-In order to prevent the uncontrolled release of
hot water and thereby injury and damage to the
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
68
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
66-69
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
surrounding people, check the silicone joints
before each operation of the appliance.
-
Follow the advice on using a circulation
thermostat.
-
When working with a glass tube, follow the
instructions given in the description of the
apparatus.
Purpose of work:
-
Measurement and study of temperature
dependence of brass and steel linear
expansion coefficients
-
Determination and study of coefficients of
linear expansion of brass and steel.
Necessary tools and equipment
Longitudinal expansion study tool
Dial indicator
Dial indicator holder
Thermometer from -10... to +110 °C
Circulation thermostat from +25 to +100 °C
Pump
Silicone pipes
Clean water, 5 liters
Experimental device
-
We turn the screw in the handle of the dial
indicator (e) and install the dial indicator (d)
in its place.
-
We set the fixed support (a) of the expander to
the 600 mark and insert the open end of the
brass pipe into the fixed support and move it
evenly.
-
We move the part of the pipe connecting the
closed end of the brass pipe to the guide (b) in
such a way that the short pipe (f) should look
down.
-
Tighten the screw to fasten the brass pipe to
the fixed support (the screw should enter the
groove in the pipe).
-
We install the expanding part (c)
-
We prepare the circulation thermostat for
work and connect it.
Attention: Before using the circulation
thermostat, read its instructions carefully.
-
Fill the circulating thermostat bath with
distilled water.
-
We connect the tool to the circulation
thermostat using silicone pipes, that is, we
connect the open end of the brass pipe and the
short pipe (f) to the short pipe of the
thermostat pump.
-
We use a thermometer to measure the
temperature (t) of the water bath.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
69
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
66-69
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Figure 1 shows the experimental setup schematically.
We record the results in the table and calculate
the absolute and relative errors of the experiment
using working formulas.
C
ONCLUSION
Considering thermal expansion in technology and
life today. When making any equipment,
machines, it is necessary to take into account the
thermal expansion of the materials from which
they are made. Otherwise, as a result of heating or
cooling, mechanical stress may occur and cause
the device to fail. It is also necessary to take into
account thermal expansion of liquids in the
technique. A liquid stored in a closed container
may explode when heated. That's why when
different containers are filled with liquids, they
are either not closed very tightly, or a gap is left
due to the increase in liquid volume.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Nazirov E.N. and others. Practicum in
mechanics
and
molecular
physics.
Uzbekistan. Tashkent-2001.
2.
Abdullaev.R.M, Sattarov H.M. ,Tursunmetov
R.A. "Practicum from the general physics
course" Tashkent-2008.
3.
LD Didactic GmbH. Leiboldstrasse 1. D-50354
Huerth / Germany. info@ld-didactic.de
4.
Ch. Kittel. Introduction to solid div physics.
M., Nauka, 1978. 792 p.
5.
Dj. Blackmore. Physics is tough. Publishing
house "Mir". Moscow. 1988. 608 p.
6.
P.V. Pavlov, A.F. Khokhlov "Fizika tverdogo
tela" M. "Vysshaya shkola" 2000
7.
A. Teshaboev, S. Zaynabiddinov, SH. Ermatov
Solid state physics, Tashkent, 2001.
