Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
60
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The article describes the functional tasks of special subjects in the formation of professional competencies
in the teaching of special subjects in professional educational institutions, the principles of teaching special
subjects in modular education, the organization of theoretical and practical training.
K
EYWORDS
Education, pedagogy, technology, special subject, professional, module, professional competence, skill.
I
NTRODUCTION
In the world, teachers face an urgent task, namely
the development of methods and means of
developing the preparation of students of
educational forms for professional activities, as
well as modern learning theory. In addition, the
development of students' readiness for
professional activities activates the need to
review the work of all subsystems involved in this
process, requires the introduction of new
approaches and principles. The modular-
competent approach is widely used in
international pedagogical experience. The
modular-competent approach is a model of
organizing the educational process, in which the
educational goal is the totality of the student's
professional competencies, and the modular
construction of the content and structure of
vocational education is used as a means of
achieving it.
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF SPECIAL SUBJECTS IN
PREPARING STUDENTS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
BASED ON A COMPETENT-MODULAR APPROACH
Submission Date:
July 10, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 15, 2023,
Published Date:
July 20, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-07-11
Ashurova Sanobar Yuldashevna
Head Of Department Institute Of Pedagogical Innovations, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
61
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Today, modular learning is widely used in the
education system. During modular training, the
use of certain pedagogical technologies is
required. In this process, the teacher must direct
students to learning activities, create in them a
propensity for this activity, organize, coordinate
and advise their learning activities. This
technology embodies all the advanced experience
accumulated in the theory and practice of
pedagogy.
Main part. When switching to modular training,
the following goals are pursued: ensuring the
continuity of training (between subjects and
within the subject), individualization of training,
creating sufficient conditions for self-learning of
educational material, accelerating learning,
achieving effective mastering of the subject.
Modular education is based on a number of ideas.
These are: students must acquire and assimilate
knowledge on their own, and the teacher must
manage their learning activities.
In the process of teaching students of the
direction "Design and technology of light industry
products" in specialized disciplines, in order to
determine the pedagogical conditions for the
development of skills specific to construction
work, it is necessary:
-
the necessary knowledge, instructions and
skills to meet their own and others' needs;
-
awareness of one's own values, instructions
and skills;
-
development
of
self-awareness,
self-
determination, self-realization and self-
organization;
-
develop understanding of oneself and others,
sensitivity to social problems;
-
develop a sense of belonging to a group and
society.
According to N.Sh. Almetov, the initial skills and
abilities of students are formed in special
subjects. Primary skills - at the first stage of
training and production, in the implementation of
effective skills that make up the independent
adaptation of new methods of work to the
conditions for the formation of professional skills
and qualifications of students, they are mainly
based on the following didactic principles [1].
We have explained these didactic principles as
follows:
1) “determination of general and professional
competencies that are supposed to be formed
among students in the course of practical classes
in the special subject being studied;
2) the formation of students' ideas about their
professional abilities in the professional field;
3) educational content based on didactics, mainly
enhancing the mutual cooperation of education
and production, i.e. creation of a quasi-
professional environment.
It is one of the parts that make up an integral
system of continuous professional training in the
field of teaching special subjects, it forms
professional
and
general
educational
competencies that ensure the effectiveness of the
work of future specialists.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
The level of quality education in special subjects
is of great importance in the development of the
general and professional competence of future
specialists. Special subjects form the basis of
training in the acquired profession and include
competencies related to this profession.
One of the main tasks of the block of special
subjects is the creation of a set of skills and
knowledge that must be professionally formed in
the technical or technological processes of a
particular profession. The main goal of this
subject block is to form the core of training future
specialists for professional activities, as well as to
create conditions for the unhindered entry of
future specialists into practical activities. At the
same time, the content of the subjects included in
this block, the goals and objectives of training,
methods, forms, means, organization, venue,
equipment and allocated time differ from blocks
of other subjects and general subjects, because
this block is important in preparing future
specialists for professional activities. Therefore,
the priority task of vocational education is always
to provide the material and technical base,
educational and information support and
professionally qualified teachers in the training of
future specialists [2,3].
The block of theory and practice is of great
importance in the teaching of subjects included in
the block of special subjects. For this reason, it is
necessary to take into account the introduction of
an
educational-informational-methodical
complex and related multimedia educational
technologies
when
creating
educational-
methodical complexes from special subjects. In
vocational education, practical knowledge, skills
and abilities take no less place than theoretical
knowledge, and, of course, their goal is to create
and implement effective ways to prepare future
specialists for professional activities.
When preparing future specialists, it is necessary
to give knowledge in special subjects using
modern educational technologies with a scientific
approach, because the general and professional
competence of specialists is formed and
developed through the knowledge given in their
special subjects. From this point of view, when
teaching
special
subjects,
students
are
encouraged
to
gain
knowledge,
self-
improvement, advanced training, and the
application of theoretical and practical
knowledge directly in practice. [5,6].
It is very important to choose the optimal
methodology for mastering each subject and each
topic when planning training sessions in special
subjects. It is advisable to consider the
permissible elements of learning as an integral
system in interaction: the purpose of the lesson,
the content of the material, the management
method, the activities of the teacher and the
student, the means of activity, the quality of the
result obtained. For the methods used in each
training, the pedagogical system has its own
characteristics. The main type of learning in
which the teacher leads the formation of concepts
and behavior, and the way it is carried out,
depend on pedagogical experience and skills. The
continuous study of this process is determined by
mastering the teaching profession by mastering a
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
63
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
set of pedagogical technologies and their optimal
forms.
Preparation and adaptation to certain aspects of
the process of modular training in special subjects
is carried out taking into account important
information.
Assessment of the state of students, familiarity
with the conditions of study, a good knowledge of
clothing production - all this is considered the
first conditions for theoretical and practical
training.
The conditions of theoretical and practical
training can be determined using the following 3
methods of analysis.
-
student analysis (student-oriented)
-
analysis of conditions (for the purpose of
organizing training)
-
special area analysis (focused on educational
material)
When analyzing students, the teacher should
have information about the knowledge, level of
proficiency and learning, and abilities of each
student. As students apply their previous
knowledge and prior experience during practice,
they also express their confidence. Their learning
abilities, personal circumstances, gender and age
have a certain influence on the educational
situation. Every person and every student group
is different, so there are always new situations.
They, in turn, must be mastered by the teacher. As
a result of classifying students by ability, the
teacher can recommend individual students to
master the subject individually.
If student analysis is not done, it can lead to
incorrect grades, especially in problematic
situations.
The analysis of the conditions should include
important information on the organization and
creation of the conditions necessary for
conducting theoretical and practical exercises in
the module.
Legal terms are associated with documents
related to the educational process, such as
curriculum and modular curriculum.
The organizational conditions include the
following necessary requirements for the
organization of theoretical and practical training
in the module:
-
choice of place of study (checking the
condition of classrooms and training
workshops)
-
time and duration of classes and practical
exercises;
-
preparation for practical demonstrations;
Technical conditions - these conditions are
inextricably linked with the availability of
technical facilities, audiovisual facilities, teaching
and learning facilities, as well as the availability of
electricity, water, atmospheric pressure, etc. The
teacher of practical training must make sure that
the necessary conditions are in place and that the
technical means can be used at any time.
Special industry analysis. If the teacher is
preparing to teach for the first time in his
educational activity (for example, sewing and
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
64
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
60-65
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
knitting), then he must have an idea of the total
volume and elements of the content component of
the special area that he wants to teach.
When teaching special subjects based on a
modular methodology, it is important to
determine the purpose and content of the subject.
Its continuation is the definition of learning
objectives and the content of the modules.
Learning objectives define the knowledge, skills
and personal qualities that the student must
achieve as a result of learning at the end of the
module. The learning objectives of the module
should be developed based on the types of
professions, special requirements, skills and
knowledge indicated in the professional
description of each profession of the industry
standard.
The method of setting learning objectives in
modular learning has its own characteristics,
namely that the learning objectives are expressed
and clearly visible in the actions of students, and
are also determined by measurable results (also
called learning objectives).
In order to be able to measure, define and repeat
learning goals, it is necessary to know the criteria
for achieving each goal, that is, the goal of
education must be set in such a way that an
unambiguous conclusion about its achievement
can be made.
Theoretical and practical lessons in the module
are educational processes aimed at achieving
specific goals. These processes are carried out to
achieve specific learning objectives.
Based on the above ideas, we analyzed the goals
and objectives of all special subjects. These
analyzes will become the basis for the correct
formation of educational results for us.
The professional competence of a specialist is
formed on the basis of theoretical knowledge and
as a result of practical activities. Future specialists
acquire the necessary knowledge in the course of
their professional activities through theoretical
and practical training. The possibility of practical
application of the knowledge gained in these
subjects is carried out in educational practices
and production practices. [9].
C
ONCLUSION
Competencies are consolidated during practical
training. At the end of the subject, the student's
knowledge is checked with the help of tests. Thus,
the subjects of each module are conveyed to the
students, knowledge and skills in this subject are
formed, and the personal qualities of the future
specialist are formed.
The effect of the modular teaching method is that
such lessons are meaningful and interesting, and
active cooperation between the teacher and
students is ensured.
When defining the learning objectives of the
module, it is necessary to describe how the
student should behave and act so that the goal is
immediately clear,
therefore, it is necessary to show the main
expressions for each block of the module
separately. It will be necessary to establish each
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
60-65
SJIF
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(2021:
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)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
basic phrase, the depth of study. That is, the
student must master some basic expressions at
the level of knowledge, use others, evaluate some
basic expressions.
The clearer the learning objective of the module,
the easier it is to assess the level of achievement.
The more we can clarify the learning objectives of
the module, the closer we will be to achieving
them. The most commonly used indicators in the
field of practical training include: conditions;
quality; quantity; time. It is difficult to describe
the quantitative assessment of the problem.
Therefore, when expressing learning objectives,
there are differences between verbs denoting
action and action, not denoting action. Expressed
learning objectives are also available. If such
teaching materials are used as described at the
application stage, it can be assumed that the
learning objectives mentioned will be achieved.
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