Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
270
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
270-277
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The article is devoted to the analysis and study of the fibre optic spectrum, as well as the curvature of the
fibre throughput charac
teristic. The effect of “water peaks” was also studied on the characteristics and
ranges of transmitted signals of lasers of different technologies, respectively, and a conclusion was drawn
on the work done.
K
EYWORDS
Spectrum analysis, bandwidth curvature, fibre, water peak, laser characteristics, technology, fibre
elongation, absorption spectrum, emitters, communication line, encoder, colour dispersion, multimode
and single mode.
I
NTRODUCTION
In traditional optical fibre, when emitting with At
1400 nm there is a sharp increase in the
attenuation coefficient. This phenomenon is
called "peak water". The reason for the
appearance of such a “peak” is the atomic
hydrogen present in the fibre. There are fibres
from various manufacturers with a reduction in
such “peaks,” and OFS managed
to eliminate this
effect almost completely in the All Wave ZWP
single-mode fibre [1-9]. To produce this fibre, a
patented fibre drawing method is used and pure
synthetic quartz glass of high purity is used. All
Wave ZWP fibre operates across a range of
wavelengths 1260 - 1625 nm, which provides 1.5
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
ANALYSIS OF THE THEORETICAL APPROACH TO THE
EXTENDED RANGE OF THE OPTICAL FIBRE WITH THE
REDUCTION OF “WATER PEAK”
Submission Date:
October 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 25, 2023,
Published Date:
October 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-10-42
U.U. Iskandarov
Senior Teacher, Department Of Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty Of Telecommunication
Technologies And Professional Education, Fergana Branch Of Tuit, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
271
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
270-277
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
times more operating wavelengths than
traditional single-mode fibre [1].
Figure 1. The absorption spectrum of optical fibre
Emittersused in fibre-optic communication lines
must
satisfy
the
following
important
requirements:
- the radiation should be carried out at the
wavelength of one of the fibre transparency
windows (in traditional optical fibres there are
three windows in which lower light losses during
propagation are achieved: 850, 1300, and 1550
nm);
- the radiation source must withstand the
required modulation frequency to ensure data
transmission at the required speed;
- the main part of the emitted light from the laser
must enter the fibre with minimal losses and have
a sufficiently high power so that the signal can be
transmitted (4). Where "water peaks" does not
occur in characterization.
It is advisable to use lasers based on solid
semiconductors as radiation sources for fibre-
optic links. This paper presents the search for a
semiconductor laser structure based on
connections of the third and fifth groups for 3rd
generation fibre-optic communication lines and
the conclusion of their application to the
corresponding project. A third-generation fibre-
optic communication line (FOCL) allows
information to be transmitted by photons. The
photon moves at the speed of light and increases
the speed of information transfer. The basic
components of such a system are a transmitter, an
optical fibre, a receiver, a repeater (R), and
amplifiers (A) (Fig. 2).
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
272
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
270-277
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Figure 2 - Structure of a fibre-optic communication system
An important element is the encoder (CU) and
decoder (DCU). The transmitter, in general,
consists of a radiation source (IS) and a
modulator (M). Most often, lasers serve as
emitters. The advantage of optical fibre is
primarily its low losses, which allows information
to be transmitted over long distances. The second
most important parameter is high throughput.
That is, all other things being equal, one fibre
optic cable can transmit the same amount of
information as, for example, ten electrical wires
[5-12]. Another important point is the ability to
combine several fibre optic lines into one cable.
And there will be no interference in the channel.
Transmitters are designed to provide the original
signal, usually in electrical form, and convert the
signal into the optical range. Diodes, laser diodes
and lasers can be used as transmitters. 1G
transmitters include a light-emitting diode that
operates at a wavelength of 0.85 microns. 2G
transmitters operated at a wavelength of 1.3
microns. The 3G transmitters were implemented
on laser diodes with a wavelength of 1.55 microns
in 1982. Using lasers as transmitters provides a
huge advantage. Particularly because the
emission is stimulated, the power output
increases. Also, laser radiation is directed, which
increases the efficiency of interaction in optical
fibres. The narrow spectral linewidth reduces
colour dispersion and increases transmission
speed. If you create a laser that operates stably in
one longitudinal mode during each pulse, you can
increase the information throughput. To achieve
this, laser structures with distributed feedback
can be used. Optical fibre in fibre-optic
communication lines is the main element
[1,3,4,12,13,17]. The passage of light through an
optical fibre is ensured by the effect of total
internal reflection. Accordingly, it consists of a
central part - the core and a shell made of material
with a lower optical density. Based on the number
of types of waves that can propagate through
optical fibre, they are divided into multimode and
single-mode. Single-mode fibres have better
attenuation and bandwidth characteristics.
However, their disadvantages are associated with
the fact that the diameter of single-mode lines is
on the order of several micrometres. This makes
radiation injection and fusion difficult. The
diameter of a multimode core is tens of
micrometers, but their bandwidth is somewhat
smaller and they are not suitable for propagation
over long distances. As light travels through the
fibre, it attenuates. Devices such as repeaters (Fig.
3) convert the optical signal into an electrical one
and, using a transmitter, send it further along the
line with greater intensity.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
273
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
270-277
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Figure 2
–
Block diagram of repeater devices.
Amplifiers directly amplify the optical signal.
Unlike repeaters, they do not correct the signal
but only amplify and amplify both the signal and
the noise. Once the light has passed through the
fibre, it is converted back into an electrical signal.
This is done by the receiver. They are usually
semiconductor-based
photodiodes
or
phototransistors. The advantages of FOCL include
low signal attenuation, wide bandwidth, and high
noise immunity. Because the fibre is made of a
dielectric
material,
it
is
immune
to
electromagnetic interference from surrounding
copper cabling systems and electrical equipment
that can induce electromagnetic radiation. Multi-
fibre cables also do not have the problem of cross-
influence of electromagnetic radiation inherent in
multi-pair copper cables [17-22]. Among the
disadvantages, it should be noted the fragility of
the optical fibre and the complexity of
installation. In some cases, micron precision is
required. An optical fibre has an absorption
spectrum shown in Figure 1.
The 3G generation fibre optic line implements
information transmission at a wavelength of 1.55
microns. From the figure, it can be seen from the
spectrum that the absorption at this wavelength
is the smallest, it is on the order of 0.2 dB/km.
A).
b).
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
274
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
270-277
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Figure 4. Emitted spectra of laser emitters: a) general view, b) atomic absorption diodes.
One of the types of OS organization (technology)
can be considered by wavelength multiplexing.
Wavelength division or WDM (Wavelength
Division Multiplexing) technology first emerged
as 2 carriers in one fibre used in a wavelength
division multiplexing system. With the reduction
and elimination of absorption “water peaks” in
the fibre, the number of simultaneously
transmitted carriers has increased significantly.
At first, the standard assumed a frequency
separation of 100 GHz (about 0.8 nm) between
the 1528 and 1570 nm carriers. The smaller the
frequency (or wavelength) step, the more
stringent the requirements for the laser. (4) At a
step of 0.2 nm, the laser operates at the coherence
limit, and expensive laser cooling is required. (4).
Different companies use different equipment
with the same technology (see Table 1)[1-7].
Table 1.
Compan
y
Model
Techn
ology
type
Chan
nel
Speed
Step
Band
Alcatel
1626LM
DWDM
1-10 Gbit/s
50
GHz
WITH
Ciena
Core Stream
DWDM
96 /
192
1-10 Gbit/s
100
GHz
WITH
Cisco
ONS 15800
DWDM
100 M - 10
Gbt/s
50GHz
1509-1602
Ericsson
Smart PXM
DWDM
270 M -- 10 Gb
C, L, C+L
Fujitsu
Flashwave 7300
DWDM
40 Gbps
100/5
0
C, L
Lucent
WaveStar OLS
1/6 T
DWDM
100M--10Gb/s
C + L
Marconi
Mult-
Layer Swсh
DWDM
100 M--10 G
C, L, C+L
Nortel
OPTera Con.
HDX
DWDM
155 M - - 40 G
100/5
0
C, L, C+L
Siemens
Infinity WLS
DWDM
2.5
–
10 G
C + L
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
275
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
270-277
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
C
ONCLUSION
In conclusion, when making optical fibre, the
method of drawing the fibre is a more important
process. The use of synthetic quartz glass of high
purity is one of the more effective methods. The
use of synthetic quartz glass of high purity
reduces and eliminates the problems we
discussed in this article. You can continue to
explore aspects for a more thorough answer to
the question asked.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Umarovich I. U. et al. Methods of reducing
the probability of signal loss on optical
fibre communication lines //Наука,
техника и образование. –
2020.
–
№. 6
(70).
–
С. 27
-31.
2.
Raimimonova, O. S., & Iskandarov, U. U.
(2020). Overview of the experimental
reasarche of open optical system for
monitoring of deviations of the buildings
with concrete products. Scientific and
Technical Journal of Namangan Institute of
Engineering and Technology, 2(6), 374-
378.
3.
Turgunov, B., Juraev, N., Toshpulatov, S.,
Abdullajon, K., & Iskandarov, U. (2021,
November).
Researching
Of
The
Degradation Process Of Laser Diodes Used
In Optical Transport Networks. In 2021
International Conference on Information
Science
and
Communications
Technologies (ICISCT) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
4.
Искандаров, У. У., & Эгамбердиев, М. М.
(2018). Аспекты и проблемы создания и
содержании
«Умного
дома».
Перспективные
информационные
технологии (ПИТ 2018). С. 444
-447.
5.
Juraev, N. M., & Iskandarov, U. U. (2020).
Research of real efficiency of the indicator
10_mt_20gy dui. Scientific and Technical
Journal of Namangan Institute of
Engineering and Technology, 2(1), 132-
137.
6.
Iskandarov, U. U. (2023). Masofaviy lazerli
akkustik
mikrofonlarining
potensial
sezgirligi va qabul qilish masofalari tahlili.
Educational Research in Universal
Sciences, 2(10), 344-347.
7.
Гуров, И. П., & Джабиев, А. Н. (2000).
Интерферометрические
системы
дистанционного контроля объектов.
СПб.: СПбГУ ИТМО, 10.
8.
Madaminov, M. R. (2023). Experimental
study of operating modes of an
uninterruptible power supply source
using a wind generator as the primary
source. International Journal of Advance
Scientific Research, 3(10), 125-131.
9.
Махмудов, И., & Хусанова, С. Ш. (2023).
Оборудование
и
технологии,
используемые для реализации задач
прикладного тв на современном этапе
развития.
European
Journal
of
Interdisciplinary
Research
and
Development, 20, 77-82.
10.
Khusanova, S. S., Tajibayev, I. B., &
Tillaboyev, M. G. (2023). How to connect
two or more tvs to a digital set-top box.
International Journal of Advance Scientific
Research, 3(10), 109-116.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
276
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
270-277
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
11.
Komilov, D. R., & Tajibayev, I. B. (2023).
Improving the use of virtual lan (vlan)
technology. Web of Discoveries: Journal of
Analysis and Inventions, 1(7), 6-11.
12.
Исмоилов, М. М. (2023). On the issue of
increasing the efficiency of flat solar
collectors in heat supply systems by
optimizing their operating parameters.
European Journal of Emerging Technology
and Discoveries, 1(7), 4-7.
13.
Отажонов, С. М., & Халилов, М. М. (2023).
Изменение
фоточувствительности
поликристаллических пленок pbte и
pbs
в
кислородо
содержащей
атмосфере.
European
Journal
of
Interdisciplinary
Research
and
Development, 20, 83-89.
14.
Rayimjonova, O. S. (2023). Mathematical
models
of
half-ring
photoresistive
converters of vane turning angles.
European Journal of Emerging Technology
and Discoveries, 1(7), 1-3.
15.
Komilov, D. R. (2023). Application of
zigbee technology in IOT. International
Journal of Advance Scientific Research,
3(09), 343-349.
16.
Ergashev, S. (2023). Anomalously high
diotovoltaic effect in thin films of gallium
arsenide. International Journal of Advance
Scientific Research, 3(09), 143-149.
17.
Эргашев, Ш. У. (2023). Оптроны с
тонкой
пленкой
на
базе
поликристаллических
однополых
полупроводниках. European Journal of
Interdisciplinary
Research
and
Development, 19, 69-73.
18.
Ergashev, S. (2023). Optoelectronic
converters based on apv elements.
European Journal of Emerging Technology
and Discoveries, 1(6), 1-4.
19.
Abdusamatov, A. X. (2023). Обнаружение
Повреждений
В
Электрически
Обесточенных
Линиях
Электропередачи. Diversity Research:
Journal of Analysis and Trends, 1(6), 62-
69.
20.
Исмоилов, М.
М. (2022). Повышение
эффективности систем солнечного
теплоснабжения
с
плоскими
солнечными коллекторами: основные
резервы и возможные пути их
реализации. Central asian journal of
mathematical theory and computer
sciences, 3(12), 79-84.
21.
Rustambekovich,
D. L., & Umarali o’g’li, E.
S. (2020). Application of IOT Technology in
Providing Population Health During the
Sars-Cov-2
Pandemic.
International
Journal of Human Computing Studies,
2(5), 1-4.
22.
Negmatov, S. S., Holmurodova, D. K., Abed,
N. S., Negmatova, K. S., Boydadaev, M. B., &
Tulyaganova, V. S. (2020). Development of
effective compositions of composite
wood-plastic board materials based on
local raw materials and industrial waste.
Plasticheskie massy, 1(11-12), 28-32.
23.
Raimimonova, O. S., & Nurdinova, R. A. R.
Dalibekov, Sh. M. Ergashev (2021).
Increasing the possibility of using
thermoanemometric type heat exchangers
in the control of man-madt objects.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
277
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
270-277
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
International
Journal
of
Advanced
Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology, 8(3), 16783-89.
