Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
238
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
238-243
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The article discusses the process of recycling industrial waste by using coal fines in briquetting. The
expediency of briquetting of coal fines is shown, which is due to its finely dispersed state and the
complexity of transportation, the impossibility of burning in standard grate furnaces.
K
EYWORDS
Fuel briquettes, waste from the coal industry, oil and fat industry, coal briquettes, processing, disposal,
filler, binder.
I
NTRODUCTION
Currently, the problem of finding alternative
energy sources and promising ways to save
resources is relevant and is becoming one of the
main ones for the economic development of
states. In this regard, it is important to research
and develop technologies that ensure the
integrated use of raw materials and the
environmental safety of production [1].
The coal industry of Uzbekistan has a 72-year
history. The basis of the resource base of the
republic's coal industry is the lignite “Angren”
and two smaller coal deposits
–
“Shargun” and
“Baysun”. It is worth noting that 85% of the coal
Journal
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Research Article
STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING FUEL BRIQUETTES
FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Submission Date:
October 15, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 20, 2023,
Published Date:
October 25, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-10-38
Dilafruz Kholmurodova
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Medical Chemistry, Samarkand State Medical
University, Samarkand, 140104, Uzbekistan
Dilfuza Kiyamova
Assistant, Department of Medical Chemistry, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, 140104,
Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
239
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
238-243
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
mined in Uzbekistan comes from the Angren
open-pit mine.
In Central Asia, the Angren coal basin is
considered the largest. The coal mined here is
delivered throughout the country. The activities
of the joint-stock company are carried out on the
territory of the Angren coal basin. There are open
coal mines “Angren”, “Apartak” and a coal mine.
The main production site is the Angren coal basin.
Currently, many specialists in Uzbekistan, Russia
and abroad are working on the problem of
recycling coal fines. Vast experience has been
accumulated in the preparation and use of fine-
grade coal waste. Dozens of methods for their
processing, with varying degrees of efficiency,
have been developed [2,3].
Therefore, our goal in this study is to briquet fines
from the coal industry with production waste.
Materials and methods
The objects of the studied pressing material were
fines of brown coal from the Angren coal mine of
the Republic of Uzbekistan, stems of annual
plants, waste from the oil and fat industry and
carboxymethylcellulose.
During the extraction, enrichment and
transportation of fossil coals in the Angren
deposit, a significant amount of fine classes is
formed, which, according to the most
approximate estimates, reaches 6
–
8%. Some of
the fine coals are blown out and spilled out of the
cars during transportation, lost and intensively
crushed during loading and unloading operations.
Reducing the level of losses in the form of sludge
and fines by direct combustion is difficult due to
the complexity of their transportation to the place
of use. At the same time, fine coal, due to its
quality characteristics, can be used to produce
high-quality briquette fuel, but its processing is
difficult due to the complexity of organizing
briquette production and the need to perform a
large volume of construction and installation
work.
Table 1 shows the characteristics of Angren coal.
Table 1. Main characteristics of Angren coal
The name of the indicators
Designation
Magnitude
Coal grade indicating size class, mm
2BR
up to 300.00
Ash content, %
А
d
8.40-12.00
Highest calorific value,
kcal/kg
Q
daf
2854
Net calorific value,
kcal/kg
Q
d
1624
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
240
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
238-243
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Mass fraction of total moisture in working condition,
%
W
tr
32.70
Yield of volatile substances, dry ash-free state, %
V
daf
48.00
Sulfur content, dry state, %
S
td
0.40
Carbon content, dry, ash-free state,%
C
daf
73.44
Mass fraction of chlorine, %
Cl
d
0.08
Mass fraction of arsenic, %
As
d
0.004
Piece size, mm
mm
0.00-300.0
Mass fraction of fines, no more
%
15
mass fraction of mineral impurities, no more
%
2
Gossypol resin (GR), a waste product from the oil and fat industry, was used as a binder [4].
Domestic and modern foreign experience opens up the opportunity to extract all valuable components
from oilseed raw materials processed in the republic, utilize waste, and produce several by-products for
both food and technical purposes for various sectors of the national economy. In this regard, it is important
to identify and use all the reserves for increasing the technical level of the oil and fat industry, to justify the
need to accelerate the implementation of the most important achievements of scientific and technological
progress, especially completed scientific developments that can obtain a significant economic effect.
Carboxymethylcellulose was used as an adhesive agent
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellulose glycolic acid, [С6Н7О2(ОН)3
-
x(ОСН2СООН)x]n, where x = 0.08–
1.5) is a derivative cellulose, in which the carboxymethyl group (
–
CH2
–
COOH) is connected by the hydroxyl
groups of glucose monomers. The solutions are colourless. Appearance: light beige crystalline powder. It
should be noted that the effectiveness of the adhesive ability of Na-CMC is directly dependent on the quality
of the chemical reagents used.
To obtain wood fillers, we selected a cotton stem and found that the stems of cotton, annually renewed
annual plants such as kenaf, rice, sunflower husks, and groundnuts, have more woody parts and are
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
241
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
238-243
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
relatively easy to grind. Compared to other annual plants, they are closer to wood in chemical composition,
structure and properties [5-9].
Because of this, chemical reagents are subject to certain requirements regarding their physical, chemical
and technological properties.
Discussion
One of the main processes for producing briquettes is pressing. To obtain a high-quality briquette, specific
pressing pressure is necessary; it depends on the design of the press and the nature of the compression
(one- or two-way). With one-sided pressing, uniform compaction of the briquette in height is not ensured.
Therefore, double-sided compression is used, which ensures a more uniform compaction of the material.
In this case, the height of the briquettes should be as small as possible, for example, for cylindrical
briquettes the ratio of height to diameter should be 1:2 [9-12].
The briquetting process occurs as a result of the adhesion of particles to a binder. This process consists of
three stages:
adsorption of the binder by the briquetted material and the formation of a thin film of the binder on
the surface of the particles;
pressing of the charge;
briquette hardening upon cooling.
One of the main operational characteristics of coal briquettes is the mass fraction of total moisture.
The mass fraction of total moisture in briquettes is determined according to GOST 11305, ash content -
according to GOST 11306, and mechanical strength - according to GOST 18132.
The content of partially destroyed briquettes is determined according to GOST 11130.
The content of partially destroyed briquettes, Mr, %, is determined by the formula:
Мр=mp∙100/m
where, mp is the mass of the oversize product, kg;
m
–
mass of the total sample, kg.
Sampling and preparation of samples - in accordance with GOST 10742.
The combustion heat of briquettes is determined according to GOST 147.
The heat of combustion is the most important indicator of the quality of energy fuel and characterizes the
thermal value of coal. In addition, the calorific value is one of the classification parameters of coals, which
are divided into types according to the value of the higher calorific value of the wet, ash-free state.
The mass fraction of fines in a briquette is determined according to GOST 1916-75.
Ash content was determined according to GOST 11022-95.
Table 2 shows the test results of the developed coal briquettes.
Table 2. Test results of brown coal briquettes
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
242
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
238-243
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Indicator name
according to
ND
Fact
Mass fraction of total moisture in briquettes, no
more than, %
20.0
10.0
Ash content of briquettes, no more, %
45.0
25.4
Low calorific value of briquettes, average, kcal/kg
2700
3834
Mass fraction of pieces of size less than the lower
limit (fines content), no more, %
10.0
8.0
Mechanical strength,%
46.1-76.0
58.2
Height, mm
50-150
100
Diameter, mm
50-120
60
CONCLUSIONS
Thus, the feasibility of briquetting fine coal is due to its finely dispersed state and the complexity of
transportation, the impossibility of combustion in standard grate furnaces.
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