Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
147
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
147-149
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article deals with the problems of translation, its challenges and the grammatical correspondences of
translation and their principaltypes. This article considers the some grammatical problems of translation
of English sentences into Russian and Uzbek languages.
K
EYWORDS
Grammatical problems, compleate correspondence, partial correspondence, the absance of
correspondence, cognate language, gender system.
I
NTRODUCTION
The task of a translator is to render the message
of the original in the most full way, so that to be
able to attain structural similarity of the source
and target texts. If the syntactic similarity is
missing we observe a transformation (any change
of the source text at the syntactic level during
translation). In fulfilling this task he/she faces a
number of problems such as: ambiguity,
problems that arise from structural and lexical
differencesbetween languages, multiword units
like idioms and collocations and, of course, a large
number of grammatical problems.
At the grammatical level, a translator is expected
to have a thorough knowledge of the grammatical
rules of the target language. In fact, a translator
does not have to know the grammar of the
language for just the sake of it, he should be well
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Copyright:
Original
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attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
GRAMMATICAL PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION
Submission Date:
October 07, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 12, 2023,
Published Date:
October 17, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-10-23
Esanboyeva Mushtariy Alijon Qizi
Teacher Of Tashkent Medical Academy Tashkent City, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
148
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
147-149
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
versed in comparative grammar of the two
languages involved in translation and the
similarities and dissimilarities in them. The
translator should be able to distinguish between
the obligatory and the optional forms in target
language.
Grammatical differences between two languages
can be of various types, depending on the
languages, their relationship and the distance -
both physical as well as cognitive. Cognate
languages may not differ much grammatically
although it also depends on the physical distance
between the linguistic regions. Languages
belonging to different language families but
sharing geographical regions may share some
features due to the process of convergence.
Languages differ in terms of tense and aspect as
well. Most languages are accustomed to three
basic tenses - present, past and future with some
tenses of relative time - past perfect, future
perfect, etc. Some languages are peculiar with a
series of temporal gradations of either past or
future or both. In terms of their range they vary
from few minutes to a year and a more, such as
past time of “a few minutes ago” or of “earlier in
the day”, etc. These temporal aspects have
bearing on the grammar and the sentences
structure as a whole.
The nature of the grammatical differences
between a pair of languages varies from language
to language. A comparative and contrastive
analysis of the grammars of two languages, is
essential before a translators ventures to take up
the job of translating. These grammatical
differences pose problems to the translator as it
not only involves analysis of the differences but
also finding accurate or proper and approximate
correspondences in the target language, for
effective transfer of the message.
The
principal
types
of
grammatical
correspondences between two languages are as
follows;
a) complete correspondence;
b) partial correspondence;
c) the absence of correspondence.
- Complete morphological correspondence is
observed when in the languages considered there
are identical grammatical categories with
identical particular meanings.
In all the three languages there is a grammatical
category of number both the general categorical
and particular meanings are alike; Number:
Singular and Plural. Such correspondence may be
called compleate. Example:Apple яблоко олма (
Singular form)
Apple яблоки олмалар (Plural
form)
- Partial morphological correspondence is
observed when in the languages examined there
are grammatical categories with identical
categorial meanings but with some differences in
their particular meanings.
In the languages considered there is a
grammatical category of case in nouns. Though
the categorial meaning is identical in all the three
languages the particular meanings are different
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
149
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
147-149
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
both from the point of view of their number and
the meanings they express. English has two
particular meanings while Uzbek and Russian
have six. Though the 1 latter two languages have
the same quantity of particular cases, their
meanings do not coincide. The differences in the
case system or in any other grammatical
categories are usually expressed by other means
in languages. Example:There are 6 cases in
Russian and Uzbek languages, but in English there
are only 2 cases.
- Absence of morphological correspondence is
observed when there are no corresponding
grammatical categories in the languages
examined. As for instance in Uzbek there is a
grammatical category of possessiveness, which
shows the affixation of things to one of the three
grammatical persons, example: китоб
-
им китоб
-
инг китоб
-
и
This grammatical category is neither found in
English nor in Russian. These languages use
pronouns for this purpose. Example: my book-
моя книга, your book
-
твоя книга,
his( her, its) book-
его( ее )книга
In English we use certain grammatical means to
express a definite and indefinite meanings, that is
article. For this we can take as an example for the
absance of grammatical correspondence the
article definite and indefinite article «the» and
«a». In English these article are exist, however we
can not translate them into Uzbek or Russian. But
there are no equivalent grammatical means in
Uzbek and Russian. They use lexical or syntactic
means to express those meanings.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Nida E.A. & Taber C.R., 1982. The Theory and
Practice of Translation. Leiden: Brill.
2.
Barhudarov. Language and translation.
Moscow, 1975.
3.
Buronov J.B. Comparative grammar of English
and Russian languages. Tashkent, 1973.
4.
В.
С.
Виноградов
Введение
в
переводоведение (общие и лексические
вопросы). —
М.: Издательство института
общего среднего образования РАО, 2001.
