Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
101
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
101-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The importance of taxes in the formation of state budget revenues and the main directions of practical
reforms related to the thematic direction in international practice are described. Also, the composition and
dynamics of the State budget revenues of the Republic of Uzbekistan were analyzed. Proposals for
increasing and improving state budget revenues are presented.
K
EYWORDS
State budget, taxes, income, direct taxes, indirect taxes, enterprises, local budget.
I
NTRODUCTION
The social and economic development of the
country directly depends on how the tax system
is organized. The stability of the State budget,
which is an integral part of the tax system, is one
of the most important indicators characterizing
the country's economy. In fact, it is carried out
during the financial regulation of the country's
national economy, planning of state budget
revenues and budget financing. Depending on the
stages of economic development, direct and
indirect taxes are used in the practice of the
countries of the world. In the tax administration
of most developed countries, special attention is
paid to improving the mechanism of direct tax
calculation and collection. "The state budget of
the economically developed countries of the
European Union is filled mainly by direct taxes."
According to experts, "China has set increasing
Journal
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Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CORPORATE TAXES IN FORMING
BUDGET REVENUES
Submission Date:
October 04, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 09, 2023,
Published Date:
October 14, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-10-17
Sadiq Solievich Akhmadjonov
Senior Teacher Of The "Economics" Department Of The Andijan Mechanical Engineering Institute,
Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
102
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
101-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
the share of direct taxes and reducing the share of
indirect taxes as one of the next main tasks
starting from 2022" [1].
In the context of global integration and increased
competition in the world, the importance of
scientific research on improving the state budget
forecasting methodology is increasing. Predicting
the process of revenue forecasting and qualitative
forecasting, exponential smoothing and single
equation regression forecasting, forecasting
expenses in macroeconomic revenue forecasting,
medium-term budget planning, result-oriented
budgeting, improving the methodology of budget
planning in a program-targeted way, influencing
the socio-economic development of state budget
forecasting errors The scientific research
conducted on the secret is one of the priority
areas in this regard.
Review of literature on the subject
In the theoretical literature and research works of
foreign scientists, as well as in the legal
documents of the states, one can find concepts
that illuminate the nature of taxes in the
formation of state budget revenues. Taxes
collected from individuals and legal entities are
being studied in a special focus. In particular, one
of our Uzbek economists: A. Adizov, summarizes
the taxes collected from individuals, "Taxes
collected from individuals are fees for services
provided by the state and society as an obligation,
and in order to provide them with funds, they are
obligatory at the discretion of the state in the
amount and time limits determined by law. It is a
fee collected by means of payment" - defined by
[2]. And O. Abdurahmanov defined the nature of
taxes from individuals as follows: "Taxes from
individuals are non-equivalent mandatory
payments that citizens transfer to the state from
their personal income based on the sources of any
legal activity" [3].
M.Usmanova paid special attention to the issue of
determining the amount of non-taxable income
and implementing it in practice, deducting land
and property taxes of individuals from income
when declaring income [4].
In the research of tax issues, the issues of optimal
taxation occupy a special place in the research of
many economists. In particular, scientific
research conducted by foreign economist Ramsey
is considered the basis of scientific literature on
optimal taxation. Ramsay pointed out that
effective taxation requires the introduction of a
whole set of taxes, not just one tax. However, it is
also important in the taxation of interest income.
Ramsay considers consumption and savings as
two different goods and emphasizes that capital
should be taxed at a much lower rate than wages
[5].
According to the definition given by S.
Khudoykulov, who conducted research in the
direction of improving the method of forecasting,
tax revenues, tax potential are "the national
economy, regions, and individuals who are
subject to tax obligations as legal entities and
individuals within the framework of the budget
and tax policy of the state and according to the
current tax legislation. The ability to pay the
imposed tax obligation is also an opportunity for
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
103
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
101-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
the state to attract the maximum amount of taxes
to the budget without violating the principle of
fairness of taxes [6]. According to L. Bozorova,
who carried out scientific research on ways to
increase the tax potential of regions in order to
ensure the stability of budget revenues, the tax
potential of the region is the highest possible
amount of tax and duty payments in the period
under analysis, as well as the control of tax and
customs authorities. sums of additional tax
payments based on the results of work, that is, it
is the difference between the amount of actual
collected taxes and the ability of potential
collection of budget revenues [7].
Research methodology
In the study, economic research methods such as
statistical analysis, synthesis, logical thinking, and
grouping were used in the research on the
importance of taxes in the formation of state
budget revenues by foreign and local scientists
and economists.
Result and discussion
In the world, great importance is attached to the
introduction of new innovative projects and
initiatives aimed at ensuring the interests of the
state budget through the effective use of modern
tools aimed at ensuring that taxes are paid to the
state budget on time and in full. as one of the
directions of separate research on the issues of
encouraging voluntary tax discipline, assessing
the activities of business entities by means of a
risk management system and conducting tax
audits depending on the level of risk of business
entities in order to ensure the comprehensive
development of the business and investment
environment. attention is being paid.
Improvement of the tax administration system is
one of the important conditions for the further
development of the country's economy and the
improvement of the country's investment
attractiveness. "Today, we are required to
develop and implement completely new
approaches and principles for the development of
our country at a more stable and rapid pace."
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat
Mirziyoyev said: "Further improvement of the
business environment remains one of the most
important issues for us. Therefore, we have taken
all the organizational and legal measures to enter
the top 50 countries in the World Bank's "Doing
Business" rating" The indicators of our country in
the above-mentioned international ratings mean
that there is a need to pay special attention to the
further improvement of tax administration and
tax control legislation. among others, the
introduction of modern methods of organization
and implementation of tax control also indicates
that regular research of these processes is urgent.
Currently, 218 countries of the world levy profit
tax. The rate of profit tax in 44 of these countries
is 0-10%, in 50 it is 10-20%, in 111 it is 20-30%,
in 26 it is 30-40%, in 2 it is 45-55%. It is 26.3% of
GDP and 33.0% of taxable income. It can be seen
from this that the profit tax is one of the main
types of taxes formed from budget revenues all
over the world and is an important means of
regulating the economy by the state. The fact that
the state budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan has
a tendency to increase social expenses requires
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
104
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
101-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
the continuous increase of the state budget
revenues. This requires that stable sources of
income such as value-added tax, excise tax, and so
on, should be included in the budget income. In
the conditions of the market economy, the main
tasks of the budget and tax policy should be aimed
at increasing the production process in the
economy and increasing its efficiency, increasing
the income of legal entities and individuals in
order to expand the taxable base.
In the world, important studies are being
conducted to increase the importance of the
budget-tax mechanism in ensuring economic
development, to form the optimal ratio of direct
and indirect taxes. Strengthening the influence of
direct taxes on budget revenues, stimulating the
economic activity of the population and
producers, mitigating the inequality caused by
various differences and conditions of economic
activity in the regions of the country, economical
and efficient use of property, regulating the level
of stratification between the incomes of the
population, forecasting tax revenues and their
increasing the level of elasticity is one of the
directions of research in this regard. In
Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to improving
the efficiency of the taxation mechanism by
improving the calculation and collection of direct
taxes. Efforts are being made to create a flexible
mechanism to stimulate the efficient and cost-
effective activity of economic entities, to increase
the interest of individuals and legal entities in
increasing income and profit, and to fill the
budget with tax revenues. Through these efforts,
effective organization of processes such as the
development
of
direct
tax
calculation
methodology, improvement of taxes and taxation
mechanism, implementation of international
standards into practice, and coordination of
financial and tax reports of economic entities are
important tasks. Table 1 shows the analysis of the
current state of the profit tax calculation and
budgeting mechanism, the procedure for
accounting for depreciation expenses and
investment deduction in determining the profit
tax base, and the issues of improving the
procedure for tax control over the profit tax.
Table 1
Revenue part of the state budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2018-2022 (TRILLION.SOUM)
№
Years
2018-year
2019- year
2020- year
2021- year
2022- year
1 Tax types
total
%
total
%
total
%
total
%
total
%
2
State
budget
revenues
79,0
100 112,1
100
132,9 100 164,6 100 201,8 100
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
101-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
3 Direct taxes
15,2
19,8
31,6
28,2
45,2
34,0
58,9
35,8 64,4 31,8
4
Indirect
taxes
41,4
52,2
46,2
41,4
46,4
34,9
56,2
34,2 71,3 35,3
5
Resource
taxes
12,4
16,0
19,6
17,5
21,2
16,0
23,1
14,0 23,9 11,4
6
Other
income
9,1
12,0
14,3
12,8
20,1
15.1
26,4
16,0 42,1 21,5
Source: Prepared by the authors based on the information from the "Open Budget" portal of the Republic of
Uzbekistan
If we analyze the profit tax debt by year, the profit
tax debt of enterprises operating in the Republic
of Uzbekistan amounted to 111.7 billion soms in
2019, 180.5 billion soums in 2020, and 963.6
billion soums in 2021. amounted to soum. In
2021, enterprises operating in Tashkent city
accounted for 277.9 billion soums, 115.9 billion
soums in the Fergana region, and 110.0 billion
soums in Tashkent region 2021.
Effective management of taxes and taxation
processes is very important in the long-term
development of the economy. Because it is
impossible to implement the tax policy and create
the country's tax system without effective
management of taxes and taxation processes. It is
impossible to imagine the country's economy
without taxes. In addition, it is worth noting that,
as a result of the budget and tax policy conducted
in our country, wide opportunities have been
opened for the private sector. In particular, the
reduction of the tax burden from year to year
creates an opportunity for taxpayers to reuse
more funds in their activities, and in return for the
benefits and preferences given to them, there is
an opportunity to organize activities more
effectively and to implement new innovative
ideas. This is effective for the further
development of our country in the future.
In order to increase the stability of incomes of
local budgets and to ensure their independence,
tax allocations are left in the regional budget of
the regions in accordance with the budget
legislation.
Table 2
Analysis of the 2019-2021 profit tax liability of enterprises operating in the Republic of
Uzbekistan (billion soums)
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
101-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
T/r
Name of the area
Income tax arrears
2019 year
2020 year
2021 year
by republic
111,7
180,5
963,6
Interregional state tax inspection of
large taxpayers
39,6
21
139,3
By regions
72,2
159,5
824,3
1
Karakalpakstan Res
0,8
13,8
14,3
2
Andijan region
5,9
18,3
105,8
3
Bukhara region
11,6
21,2
26,3
4
Jizzakh region
1,3
4,5
18
5
Kashkadarya region
5,3
21,6
33,3
6
Navoi's life
1
1,4
3,9
7
Namangan region
1,8
1,9
18,7
8
Samarkand region
3,4
3,7
52,2
9
Surkhandarya region
1,1
4,7
10,8
10
Syrdarya region
3,8
6,4
18
11
Tashkent region
10,6
13,2
110
12
Fergana region
2,5
6,7
115,9
13
Khorezm region
1,4
3,4
19,1
14
Tashkent city
22
38,8
277,9
Source: prepared by the authors based on the information on the official website of the State Tax Committee
under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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03
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Pages:
101-108
SJIF
I
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(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
It should be noted that ensuring the balance of
local budgets requires that their income be
proportional to their costs, and the analysis of the
composition of costs and their optimization on
this basis plays a decisive role in increasing the
independence of local budgets.
In our opinion, the main task in the regulation of
budget revenues in the regions is to create
conditions and incentives for the effectiveness of
local management activities and to provide
guarantees and opportunities for citizens to the
basic services provided by the budget, which
leads to the equalization of the comparative ratio
of tax revenues per capita between municipal
budgets. is to find the optimal way.
C
ONCLUSION
In order to be able to control the final result of the
measures implemented in the enterprises
regarding tax payment, it is necessary to include
the indicators of the actual tax burden in the
current reports. The existence of differences
between the nominal and real tax burden
indicators indicates the extent to which various
enterprises conscientiously fulfill their tax
obligations. Here, we would like to emphasize one
thing: that the real tax burden falls only on those
who conscientiously fulfill their civic obligations.
Later, it would be appropriate to include the
value-added indicator, which provides an
opportunity to generalize the dimensions that
will be the basis for the tax burden borne by the
enterprise, in the report indicators that must be
submitted by enterprises.
Measures aimed at optimizing the processes
related to the implementation of tax payments at
the enterprise level are always aimed at reducing
the share of added value in finished products,
production-related
works,
and
services.
Therefore, it is necessary to regularly monitor the
share of added value based on current reports.
In the organization of tax policy, it is necessary to
take into account the level of influence of
taxpayers on the environment and ecology. Today
there is a tendency to protect the environment
and ecology around the world. In this case, the
state should take measures related to taxes in
order to protect the environment and ecology and
reduce the negative impact of entrepreneurs on
the environment. Through this, entrepreneurs
will have opportunities to reduce their negative
impact on the environment.
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
101-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
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5.636
)
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6.741
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OCLC
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