Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
52
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
52-60
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article is called "Theoretical and organizational-legal basis of application of digital technologies in
postal communication services". It focuses on the theoretical foundations of the application of digital
technologies, the needs of the development of the postal service in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
K
EYWORDS
Postal companies, the fourth industrial revolution, postal services.
I
NTRODUCTION
Today, the postal communication system is an
important sector that has its own infrastructure
for the delivery of goods, banking, financial and
state services in the regions of the country, along
with letters and postal shipments. Among the
services provided by the postal service, the
service of receiving and delivering international
mails occupies one of the most important places
in the profitability of the industry, and it is worth
recognizing that the postal service has been
formed in its own way at each stage of
development. At the same time, optimization of
the provision of this type of service, improvement
of the logistics system for this type of service and
effective use of new technologies used in its
implementation, as well as the decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on
December
14,
2020
"Provide
postal
communication services Resolution PQ-4921 "On
measures to fundamentally improve the delivery
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF THE POSTAL SERVICE IN
THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Submission Date:
October 03, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 08, 2023,
Published Date:
October 13, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-10-10
Iminova N.
Tashkent University of Information, Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Uzbekistan
Xamidullayev B.
Tashkent University of Information, Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
53
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
52-60
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
system" states: "Improving the quality of services,
delivery of mail and periodicals and courier
shipments in a short period of time"
improvement of delivery" and the tasks of
achieving the position of our country in the
ranking of the integrated index of the
development of postal communication of the
Republic of Uzbekistan in the first 50 by 2025
determine the relevance of the chosen topic.
Analysis of the literature on the topic: Today, it is
important to accept and maturely use technology
and digital transformation in order to transform
the postal service from its traditional status to an
innovative problem-solving, highly competitive
service provider, and become a leader in the field.
The rise of the digital revolution of the 21st
century and the fourth industrial revolution has
pushed the postal sector around the world to
expand its services far beyond the original service
of postal operators to deliver physical mail in the
form of letters and letter boxes. Realizing this, a
number of scientists have conducted theoretical
and practical research on the digitization of the
postal service and postal operators.
Research methodology. In the preparation of
this article, statistical data provided on the official
website of the Republic of Uzbekistan, articles
published by foreign and Uzbek scientists, and
information provided in training manuals were
analyzed. In addition, in studying the role of the
postal system in the development of the country,
the activation of postal processes, economic
phenomena and processes were considered in a
systematic way. Logical analysis, synthesis,
generalization, induction and deduction methods
were used to draw conclusions from the data.
Analysis and discussion of results. The fourth
industrial revolution and its application
supported by Industry 4.0 present both
challenges and opportunities for the postal
sector, the main challenge being that the post
offices can no longer operate using the business
models of the past, as the digitization of the post
is mandatory rather than optional. , if the mail is
to live another 100 years of course.
Postal services play a unique role in each country,
as they have a dual impact from a social and
economic point of view. Postal services change
every day. In recent decades, a number of
important changes have taken place in the postal
market. Currently, the postal industry is located
at the intersection of four markets that are
important
for
economic
development:
communication,
advertising,
transportation
(including logistics), and financial services
markets. In the future, the viability and economic
role of the postal network must develop in
harmony with these closely related markets.
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VOLUME
03
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Pages:
52-60
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
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1368736135
Figure 1. Strategic position of the postal services market
In a rapidly changing world, the role of postal
services in ensuring the right to communicate by
sending messages, transporting parcels or
sending money is now more important than ever.
Postal services are essential to the development
of e-commerce, which ensures the delivery of
millions of parcels every day. Postal services play
an important role in the development of trade,
especially for small and medium-sized
enterprises. In addition, more than 1.5 billion
people worldwide have access to financial
services through the post office (Universal Postal
Union, 2019).
The postal network is an important infrastructure
that facilitates the functioning of the global
economy. The sector has the largest integrated
distribution network in the world and can
physically connect everyone around the world.
On the other hand, the e-mail network allows
postal operators to play a key role in e-commerce.
Finally, the postal sector is the second largest
contributor to financial inclusion.
About 1.5 billion people around the world send
money, pay bills or receive social security
payments through postal operators. The
provision of basic postal and financial services
contributes significantly to global economic and
social development and plays an important role in
improving living standards. The postal sector can
play an important role in the payment market and
financial inclusion of the population, reducing
consumer risks related to the use of informal
networks and money laundering (UPU, 2019).
Postal
industry
Communicatio
n market
Vehicle
/
Logistics
market
Advertising
market
Financial
services
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Pages:
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SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Figure 2. Features of the postal infrastructure
In many countries, the postal network is the
largest network in rural areas, providing
financial, communication, logistics and other
retail and government services.
At the same time, the postal industry is one of
the largest employers in many countries. The
main features of postal services can be
summarized as follows:
Postal services - services that include collection,
transportation and delivery of all types of letters,
documents, printed products (books, newspapers
and periodicals), parcels by all types of public and
private operators.
•
Postal services are services of general
economic interest (more precisely, Universal
Postal Service (UPS)).
•
Postal services are an important means of
communication and information exchange.
•
Postal services promote social, economic and
territorial integration.
•
UPS is a set of postal services that are
provided continuously (on all working days, at
least 5 days a week) during the specified
working hours, in certain quantities and at
low prices, and which can be used by each
user. country regardless of residence.
•
The element of time is of great importance in
the marketing of postal services.
•
Postal services are built around four main
activities
–
collection, transport, sorting and
delivery. These activities are traditionally
labor intensive.
The modern concept of postal services (especially
courier services) defines them as a type of
logistics services.
Demand for postal services is highly volatile.
Postal services consist of a number of "partial"
services arranged temporally and spatially to
fulfill their ultimate purpose. Regarding their
quality, the above means that composite services
are formed as a specific synthesis (summation) of
quality characteristics and their optimal spatial
and temporal order.
Provision and consumption of postal service
occurs as a combined process of time and space,
Features of postal infrastructure
Postal services facilitate
economic activity
Postal service improves the
quality of life
More benefits are available to
direct participants
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)
(2023:
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which means that its quality cannot be evaluated
at the time of sale (purchase). The customer "buys
the promise of the next service" and takes a
certain dose of risk.
Postal services are personalized services. They
arise from the interaction of two or more entities.
In terms of quality, this means that a lot of it
depends on the human factor (communications
staff, back office staff, dispatchers and
customers).
Postal service is a complex and diverse service
from the point of view of operators and
consumers. It is a dynamic, integrated service
and, last but not least, a data-rich service. This is
what makes the postal sector particularly suitable
for the application of modern information and
communication technologies (ICT).
The use of ICT is a source of efficiency in the
provision of postal services. For example, in a self-
service environment, customers perform a
specific task, which increases the efficiency of the
process, resulting in labor cost savings for the
postal service provider.
Postal services are characterized by high
flexibility and orientation to specific needs of
consumers. Customer responsiveness refers to
the need and ability to modify the service to meet
the requirements and needs of each customer.
Postal services are services with a low level of
customer contact, which determines the expected
high efficiency of the service delivery process.
However, due to the possibilities of modern
technologies, providing tracking, rerouting, etc.,
customers play an important role in service
delivery.
Postal services are a combination of physical
sites and services. Therefore, service satisfaction
can be called the sum of satisfaction with
individual elements or attributes of all services
that make up the service.
The fourth industrial revolution is defined as a
series of new technologies that combine the
physical, digital and virtual worlds. It is
characterized by high levels of automation and
data exchange.
Now, the postal sector finds itself in the midst of a
disruptive transformation:
• globalization, liberalization and corporatization
have increased competition from alternative
communication channels (e-exchange);
• The growth and spread of other emerging
technologies such as IoT, social media, and
cognitive computing.
Postal services play an important role in the
world economy even in the new information
society
characterized
by
information
technologies. For example, when people
communicate and make purchases over the
Internet, goods must be physically delivered to
the consumer. In this case, the postal service can
be considered as a connection between the virtual
and the physical world.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, combined with
liberalization and globalization, has brought
about new customer needs, increased and
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Pages:
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SJIF
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)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
changing competition, and new business models
in the postal sector.
Information technologies are not only a driver for
the business processes of postal operators, but
they are becoming a core part of the postal
business.
The biggest driver of cloud computing in the
postal industry is Supply Chain Management
(SCM). As the complexity of the postal sector
increases, there is a need for solutions that
facilitate supply chain management between
companies. Cloud computing is becoming
increasingly popular in the postal industry.
However, its potential is still not fully utilized.
According to AXIT research, only 50% of postal
operators already use cloud-based solutions.
Most of them use SCM, Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP) and Customer Relationship
Management (CRM) solutions. According to the
results of the same study, the main advantages of
using cloud computing in the postal sector are:
• location
-independent access to information,
• easy integration of partners,
• quick access;
• increasing flexibility;
• elimination of admini
strative actions;
• easy integration of external systems and easy
collaboration.
Quantum-related technologies have the
potential to massively disrupt a number of IT
industries. The postal market is one of the most
globalized markets, and it is one of the most
dependent on IT markets. Its high reliance on
security and process regulation, and the
relentless need to deliver differentiated services,
means that disruption brings both risk and
opportunity. Quantum technology encompasses
four main areas: imaging, sensing, computing, and
communication. Computing and communication
include potential applications in algorithmic
trading, fraud detection, encryption, and
transaction security. Technology is now having a
positive impact on various stages of the postal
process, mainly sorting and delivery operations.
For example, barcodes speed up the sorting of
mail because they can be sorted automatically.
Many postal operators use information-rich 2D
codes that include additional information such as
routing instructions, personalized special offers,
discounts, and more.
3D printing refers to a technology that builds a
physical object from a virtual image. The greatest
potential of 3D technology lies in its ability to
simplify the production of highly complex and
customized products and parts. Companies in
many industries are increasingly interested in 3D
printing for manufacturing because of the
opportunities for greater customization, less
waste, and localized production and delivery. In
the postal sector, 3D printing plays a very
important role in the logistics of spare parts and
the production of individual parts. As
manufacturers adapt their manufacturing
processes and supply chains, this opens up new
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Pages:
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(2023:
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1368736135
opportunities and encourages postal providers to
find new customer-centric solutions.
Self-service mail centers offer 24/7 access,
making delivery more efficient by avoiding failed
delivery attempts and saving on delivery costs.
Mail lockers, autonomous containers that can be
used to receive or send mail, are among several
popular alternative solutions that customers can
choose to manage the delivery or shipment of
their online purchases. For postal operators,
investing in mail lockers can reduce costs in the
logistics chain, improve delivery efficiency and
create new market opportunities.
Postal operators can use IoT to create new data-
driven
businesses,
deploy
new
digital
technologies within the organization, and extend
the current system to a broader digital ecosystem
of customers, partners, and connected products
to improve the customer experience.
The Internet of Postal Things (IoPT) provides
the postal infrastructure with low-cost sensors
that enable the collection, communication and
movement of various data. IoT can help postal
operators improve operational efficiency,
improve customer experience, and develop new
services and business models.
In the past five years, significant progress has
been made in the use of autonomous drones in the
postal sector. In the near future, drones may play
an important role in other solutions that postal
operators will need, such as tracking delivery
conditions. The advantage of autonomous drones,
which are fully controlled by software only, is that
there is no need to hire, train and manage pilots.
Software-controlled drones offer a safer, more
reliable and on-demand scalable solution at a
much lower cost.
One of the challenges of the fourth industrial
revolution is that quality management expands
from product quality to service quality and brand
quality. Using a business platform is an important
step towards customer satisfaction for all postal
operators.
Postal operators have started to introduce new
digital services in order to expand their portfolio
and find new markets where the traditional
postal market has expanded. Most digital postal
services are directly linked to traditional postal
services, increasing their convenience and value
or adding a distribution channel.
C
ONCLUSIONS
New technologies have helped to make postal
services more customer-centric. Not only do
consumers have better information about the
delivery status through tracking, but they can
now reschedule the delivery by rerouting the
package to another delivery point, or reschedule
the delivery if they are not at home. has the
possibility to delay giving.
The fourth industrial revolution fundamentally
changed social and business relations. In
response, postal operators are diversifying new
electronic services to their customers. E-mail
services are communication services delivered to
customers through ICT tools, such as: e-mail box,
e-stamp, online direct mail, hybrid mail, postal
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address verification, online change of address,
tracking , electronic notifications, mobile
applications, bill management, electronic funds
transfer, e-commerce web customer service,
communication and more.
From the above, I conclude that the postal sector
has adopted innovations to respond to the rapid
evolution of consumer needs and to remain
competitive in the face of the Fourth Industrial
Revolution. Postal operators have to make great
efforts to adapt their organizational processes to
digital business.
Technologies are increasingly important to postal
services. New digital tools cannot replace physical
delivery, but they can improve process efficiency
and flexibility and reduce transaction costs. New
digital technologies are having a strong impact on
the operations and service delivery of postal
operators and will continue to have a major
impact in the future. The capabilities of different
postal operators to do witchcraft using digital
tools are very different and their potential is still
not fully exploited.
Today, the postal communication system is an
important sector that has its own infrastructure
for the delivery of goods, banking, financial and
state services in the regions of the country, along
with letters and postal shipments.
Joint-stock company "Uzbekiston pochtasi" is the
national postal operator of our country on the
republican scale
It has about 2,000 postal facilities and covers all
settlements. At the same time, the development of
the National operator network
due to the insufficient measures taken,
Uzbekistan remains in 93rd place in the global
rating of the Postal Development Index of the
Universal Postal Union.
In order to include our country in the top 50 in the
global rating of the Postal Development Index by
fundamentally improving the system of providing
postal communication services, introducing
modern technologies in the field, and fully
automating the activities of providing postal
communication services:
1. The following should be defined as the main
directions of improving the system of providing
postal services:
a) on the development of mail and courier
services:
introduction of the "final address" service in
cooperation with local and foreign companies
engaged in providing postal and courier services;
providing modern services to the population,
businesses and government agencies by
improving traditional postal services, digitizing
them, introducing information technologies and
systems to the processes of receiving, tracking
and delivering parcels;
Double the number of "Hybrid mail" delivery and
reception services;
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SJIF
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)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
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b) on the development of activities in the
electronic commerce market:
creation of an electronic trading platform
information system that enables online sales of
local manufacturers' products and delivery to
customers;
establishment and development of services
including the organization of logistics centers,
storage and delivery of goods;
v) on the development of postal services in the
services market:
modernization of the automated system of
receiving payments online through postal
facilities and development of its mobile
application;
To double the number of financial services, in
particular, the acceptance of payments from the
population, and to establish the provision of
banking services on the basis of outsourcing in at
least 1,000 post offices of the republic, especially
in remote and remote areas;
establishment of public services at the post office
in remote and remote areas;
taking into account the new types of services
being introduced in the field of postal
communication, retraining and upgrading the
skills of personnel working in the National
Operator System.
R
EFERENCES
1.
2004 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic of Uzbekistan
2.
Resolution No. 339 of July 19 "On
improving activities in the field of postal
communication".
3.
Resolution No. 4921 of November 19,
2020 "On measures to fundamentally
improve the system of providing postal
communication services";
4.
Program "Introduction and development
of new types of services based on
information communication technologies,
modernization of the postal network" at
JSC "Uzbekiston pochtasi". 2007
5.
Bobokhujaev, S. // Problemy i perspektivy
sozdaniya digital ecosystem and postal
connection to Uzbekistan No. 32 (2020):
(journal.tsue.uz)
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economic
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Aripov A.N. V focus pravitel'stva
(Horizonta Uzbekskoy pochti) - M., Jurn.,
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Makhmudov M.M. Rol' otrasli svyazii i
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