Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
23
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
23-27
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The main specificity of the defining feature of providing this type of psychological assistance is that the
victims are under the influence of extreme stressors, and psychological assistance is provided in the field.
K
EYWORDS
Emergency psychological assistance, post-traumatic disorder, psychological impact, psychological trauma.
I
NTRODUCTION
Emergency situations are becoming increasingly
widespread in modern socio-political conditions.
Increasingly, children and adults find themselves
in conditions of man-made disasters, natural
disasters, are subjected to violence, and become
hostages. Therefore, interest in the psychology of
extreme situations in the modern world is
steadily growing, both among politicians,
sociologists,
philosophers,
and
practical
psychologists. The psychology of extreme
situations is currently one of the most important
sections of applied psychology, which includes
both the diagnosis of the mental states of a person
experiencing or having experienced emergency
circumstances, as well as directions, methods,
techniques,
techniques
of
psychological
assistance: psychological correction, counseling
and psychotherapy.
Emergency psychological assistance is provided
to people in acute stress. This condition is an
experience
of
emotional
and
mental
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Research Article
EMERGENCY PSYCHOLOGICAL CARE IN EXTREME
SITUATIONS
Submission Date:
October 02, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 06, 2023,
Published Date:
October 11, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-10-05
Dzhumabaeva Manzura Bagibekovna
Tashkent University Of Applied Sciences. Senior Lecturer At The Department Of Psychology, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
24
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
23-27
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
disorganization.
Psychodiagnostics,
psych
techniques of influence and the procedure for
providing psychological assistance in extreme
situations have their own specifics. In particular,
psychodiagnostics in extreme situations has its
own distinctive features. In these conditions, due
to time constraints, standard diagnostic
procedures cannot be used. Actions, including
those of the practical psychologist, are
determined
by
the
contingency
plan.
Conventional methods of psychological influence
are also inapplicable in many extreme situations.
It all depends on the goals of psychological
influence in extreme situations: in one case, you
need to support, help; in others, it is necessary to
stop, for example, rumors, panic; in the third,
negotiate. The main principles of providing
assistance to those who have suffered
psychological trauma as a result of extreme
situations are:
•
urgency;
•
proximity to the place of events;
•
expectation that normalcy will be restored;
•
unity and simplicity of psychological impact.
Urgency means that help must be provided to the
victim as quickly as possible: the more time
passes from the moment of injury, the higher the
likelihood of developing chronic disorders,
including post-traumatic stress disorder. The
meaning of the principle of proximity is to
provide assistance in a familiar setting and social
environment, as well as to minimize the negative
consequences of “hospitalism”. Expec
tation that
normalcy will be restored: A person who has
experienced a stressful situation should not be
treated as a patient, but as a normal person. It is
necessary to maintain confidence that normalcy
will return soon. The unity of psychological
influence implies that either its source should be
one person, or the procedure for providing
psychological assistance should be unified.
Simplicity of psychological impact - it is necessary
to take the victim away from the source of injury,
provide food, rest, a safe environment and the
opportunity to be listened to. In general, the
emergency psychological assistance service
performs the following basic functions:
–
practical: direct provision of emergency
psychological and (if necessary) pre-medical
medical care to the population;
–
coordination: ensuring connections and
interaction with specialized psychological
services.
The situation of a psychologist working in
extreme conditions differs from a normal
therapeutic situation in at least the following
points:
• W
orking with groups. Often you have to work
with groups of victims, and these groups are not
created
artificially
by
a
psychologist
(psychotherapist), based on the needs of the
psychotherapeutic process, they were created by
life itself due to the dramatic situation of the
disaster.
• Patients are often in an acute affective state.
Sometimes you have to work when the victims
are still under the effect of a traumatic situation,
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
23-27
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
which is not entirely usual for normal
psychotherapeutic work.
• The social and ed
ucational status of many
victims is often low. Among the victims you can
find a large number of people who, due to their
social and educational status, would never in
their lives find themselves in a psychotherapist’s
office.
• Heterogeneity of psychopatho
logy among
victims. Victims of violence often suffer, in
addition to traumatic stress, neuroses, psychoses,
character disorders and, most importantly for
professionals working with victims, a number of
problems caused by the disaster itself or other
traumatic situation. This means, for example, lack
of livelihood, lack of work, etc.
• The presence of a feeling of loss in almost all
patients, because victims often lose loved ones,
friends, favorite places to live and work, etc.,
which contributes to the nosologically picture of
traumatic stress, especially to the depressive
component of this syndrome.
•
Difference
between
post
-traumatic
psychopathology and neurotic pathology. It can
be
argued
that
the
psychopathological
mechanism of traumatic stress is fundamentally
different from the pathological mechanisms of
neurosis. Thus, it is necessary to develop
strategies for working with victims that would
cover both those cases where “pure” traumatic
stress occurs and those cases where there is a
complex interweaving of traumatic stress with
other pathogenic factors of internal or external
origin.
The purpose and objectives of emergency
psychological assistance include the prevention
of
acute
panic
reactions,
psychogenic
neuropsychic
disorders;
increasing
the
individual's adaptive capabilities; psychotherapy
for emerging borderline neuropsychiatric
disorders.
First aid rules for psychologists:
1. In a crisis situation, the victim is always in a
state of mental agitation. This is fine. The optimal
level of arousal is medium. Tell the patient right
away what you expect from therapy and how long
it will take to work on the problem. The hope of
success is better than the fear of failure.
2. Don't take action right away. Look around and
decide what kind of help is needed, which of the
victims is in greatest need of help. Give this about
30 seconds for one victim, about five minutes for
several victims.
3. Say exactly who you are and what functions you
perform. Find out the names of those in need of
help. Tell the victims that help will arrive soon
and that you have taken care of it.
4. Make skin-to-skin contact with the victim
carefully. Take the victim's hand or pat him on the
shoulder. Touching the head or other parts of the
div is not recommended. Take a position at the
same level as the victim. Do not turn your back to
the victim.
5. Never blame the victim. Tell us what measures
need to be taken to help in his case.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
Pages:
23-27
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
6. Professional competence is reassuring. Tell us
about your qualifications and experience.
7. Give the victim confidence in his own
competence. Give him an assignment that he can
handle. Use this to make him confident in his own
abilities, so that the victim has a sense of self-
control.
8. Let the victim talk. Listen to him actively, be
attentive to his feelings and thoughts. Retell the
positive.
9. Tell the victim that you will stay with him.
When breaking up, find a substitute and instruct
him on what to do with the victim.
10. Involve people from the immediate
environment of the victim to provide assistance.
Instruct them and give them simple tasks. Avoid
any words that might make someone feel guilty.
11. Try to protect the victim from unnecessary
attention and questions. Give the curious specific
tasks.
12. Stress can also have a negative impact on a
psychologist. It makes sense to relieve the tension
that arises during such work with the help of
relaxation
exercises
and
professional
supervision. Supervision groups should be led by
a professionally trained moderator.
Thus, as in any difficult situations, after a mental
trauma it is important for a person to somehow
comprehend what happened and is happening in
his life. It is much easier to cope with the
consequences of the most difficult events if a
person manages to find for himself the meaning
of what happened, and, perhaps even to a greater
extent, the meaning of continuing to live.
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
10
Pages:
23-27
SJIF
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