Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
415
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
415-420
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The article describes the characteristics of aphorisms in Yusuf Khos Hajib's work "Kutadgu Bilig", and the
role of proverbs in the life of society and the state. The importance of the proverbs used in the article for
today, their aspects that express the worldview of the people, is emphasized. The article focuses on the
artistic value of the proverbs and sayings presented in the work, and the skillful use of unique similes by
the author of the work.
K
EYWORDS
Proverb, wise words, knowledge, intelligence.
I
NTRODUCTION
Nowadays, when achieving spiritual purification
and moral perfection is being carried out in our
society, it is important to restore our past, and
forgotten values, and to study the works of such
great people of the past. "Qutadgu bilig" (meaning
knowledge that brings happiness) is the work
that we should look at. We associate the
appearance of this work with an extremely vital
and spiritual necessity. The collapse of Arab rule
in the socio-political arena, and the emergence of
local independent states required the renewal
and strengthening of its spiritual foundations. He
served as a philosophical and moral guide for the
Karakhanid state. He was able to show the
strength and power of the artistic and aesthetic
thinking of the Turkish people in his literary
Journal
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Research Article
EXPRESSION OF PROVERBS IN THE WORK OF KUTADGGU
BILIG
Submission Date:
December 20,
Accepted Date:
December 25, 2023,
Published Date:
December 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-12-70
Sobirov Gulomjon Xikmatjon Ogli
Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies Supporting Doctoral Student, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
416
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
415-420
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
work. They are based on the vital activity of
symbolic characters and their mutual proverbs.
Do the works of old age in youth,
When you get old, you lose strength, you don't
have enough age.
You have seen the article above. It informs that a
person should advance justice, legality, peace, and
prosperity of the country in his youth. The
integrity and development of the country depend
only on the youth. How the people will be
depending entirely on the leader of the country.
In "Kutadgu Bilig" the head of state called the
ruler "elig" or "bek". It should be noted separately
that among the ancient Turks, I imagined the
concept of homeland together with the people
belonging to this homeland. This concept is
represented by the word "el". This word
expresses not only the people but also the
concepts of country, land, state (kingdom), and
country. Its combination with the word "day" is
equivalent to the concepts of "people", "country",
"homeland".
Another example;
If a good man enters with white milk, he will not
change his ways until Death comes.
That is, a person's character accompanies him
until the end of his life. Release the Uzbek
counterpart with the soul that entered with
blood.
A symbol of satisfaction (well-being). Each of
them symbolically represents justice, luck,
intelligence and prosperity (satisfaction). At the
same time, they appear as holders of certain
positions at work. In the image of Yusuf Khos
Hajib, he is correct in proverbs, truthful in his
behavior, truthful in his speech, mature, rich in
eyes and heart, knowledgeable, intelligent, and
calls for vigilance. Yusuf Khos Hajib expresses
these thoughts through the speech of his
characters. From the above texts, it became clear
that with the help of proverbs, it reveals its
essence, its true essence through symbolic details
and actions. It is not for nothing that Kuntugdy
was given the symbol of justice. With this, Adib
reflects the belief that Justice, a just ruler and just
laws should be at the top of the state. The name
Kuntugdi is also suitable. Because the Sun gives
everyone the same light. It warms everyone
equally. For him, there is no difference between
big and small, rich and poor. The worst vices
before justice are: breaking the law, lying,
drunkenness,
violence,
shamelessness,
indifference, anger at work, not benefiting others,
slander and crookedness. In his opinion, a real
person does only good to all people and does not
expect a reward from people in return. Kuntugdi
said: "A good man never changes his nature, for if
a good deed comes with white milk, he will not
change his manner until death comes." Aytoldi
devotes his whole life to strengthening the
country's development, peace, tranquility and
well-being. Yusuf Khos Hajib symbolically
expressed the idea that "the state should be
governed with justice and intelligence."
Ogdulmish and Ozgurmish's questions and
answers sometimes reach the level of intense
discussion. Despite this, Ogdulmish is careful and
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
417
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
415-420
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
intelligent, and as a result, he can convince
Ozgurmish of his ideas. According to him:
An intelligent person knows the value of
intelligence.
If a wise man sells knowledge, the wise man will
buy it.
One of the current expressions of this proverb is
"The goldsmith knows the value of gold, and the
copper knows what it is." Moreover, he always
preaches that all worldly affairs are a necessity of
life. For this purpose, he talks and explains about
farmers, merchants, shepherds, artisans, the
poor, families, children and their upbringing. He
is a determined person who works hard to
achieve his goal. He is not a person who leaves his
work unfinished and returns halfway. It is these
qualities that lie at the heart of the confessions of
the convert. The meaning of the word Ozgurmish
is "awakening" or "awakening". His ascetic
appearance corresponds to this meaning. He
warns you not to waste your life with all kinds of
petty desires, doing useless things. Arouses
sleepless feelings. It is reported that there are
things in the world that cannot be solved by the
state or reason, that there are sensitive feelings in
the human heart, and it is said that people should
be vigilant in order not to indulge in these feelings
and not waste their lives. Urmish is an observant,
willful person. He declined Eli's offer to come to
town. Although this sentence is repeated three
times, he does not change his mind. He leaves for
Elig only after the reasonable explanations of the
son.
The wound from the beating heals and is quickly
forgotten.
Swearing with the tongue does not end, its poison
remains forever
A needle injury heals, but a tongue injury does
not! It fits perfectly with the proverb. Uzgurish is
a pious person. He puts religion and religion
above all else. For him, going to the shops for good
clothes, good food and all kinds of entertainment
is equivalent to giving his soul to the wind. In his
opinion, a person should enrich his soul and
cleanse his div of all kinds of evil. The way is
enlightenment. To prove his point, he said to
Ogdulmish: "You and I both eat simple barley
soup and if we go to sleep, we will both be hungry,
so there is no point in painting such food with
lipstick." q, you walk in kimhobs. , but I'll be
content with a coarse woolen shirt, and if death
comes tomorrow we'll both go naked! Therefore,
it is necessary to enrich not the div, but the soul.
"Kutadgu Bilig" is also an example of high art. In
it, the poet's thoughts are decorated with
beautiful images, life comparisons and subtle
metaphors, impressive figures, wonderful
symbols. Yusuf Khos Hajib felt the power of words
and the inner possibilities of his native language
at a subtle level, and wrote: "I knew Turkish
words like a wild reindeer, but I studied them
carefully." The poet's figurative system can give
vivid ideas. The general situation of the 11th-
century Turkish literature and the traditions of
this literature. The image of the bow is one of the
most used images in the history of our literature.
falling in love with their lover, often making up for
lost time. Their relationship with Sagittarius is
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
418
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
415-420
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
relatively rare. The image of the bow in "Qutadgu
Bilig" is related to the bow in "Devon Lugat at-
Turk" and in ancient written sources, as well as in
folklore.
There is a very old saying in the parable,
The father's place and horse will be left to the son.
There is a proverb that says, "The father's place
and horse are left to the son." In the Uzbek
language this proverb, "A horse is replaced by a
woman", here the poet refers to youth, a period of
enthusiasm like an arrow, the heart to a bow, but
when youth gives way to old age, the dreams of
the old heart are still alive as before. but they are
difficult to achieve. At the heart of this is the fact
that the hero is stuck in the vortex of a difficult
life. It should be noted that this metaphor used by
the writer later became a traditional image in
Turkish literature, including Uzbek literature.
As we can see, here the beks are first compared to
a brave lion, but in the next stanza, they reveal
their true form. The "beheading" of this category
is manifested. So, it is not the bravery of the lion,
but its malice that is taken into account here. The
poet compares oppression to a burning fire, and
justice to flowing water: when one approaches, it
burns and destroys everything, and from the flow
of the other, such blessings flow. The poet's
allusions are impressively expressive:
Listen a lot, say a little.
Think a lot, say a word.
Think a lot, say a little..
Its powerful effect distinguishes this similarity.
The poet likens the tongue to a lion and
thoughtfully warns the listening reader against
the great danger of speaking bad and useless
words. Some comparisons can be used to
illuminate more than one image. For example,
they use the image of an animal for people who
are ignorant, uneducated, without intelligence,
greedy and have bad behavior and bad habits. We
can see that the image of the wolf was used
concerning the commander of the army, the
enemy, the brave, the husband and death. But not
all of them have the image of a wolf in the same
sense. If I compared the general to a wolf, it means
that he is terrorizing the enemy with great
strength, and if I compared a palace official to a
wolf, then their stupidity and ignorance is
emphasized. The best way to compare an enemy
to a wolf is to look at its aggressiveness and
aggressiveness. The comparison between death
and the wolf is because neither of them can
distinguish between good and evil. The
interpretation of the same image with different
comparisons is characteristic of the art of "Qutadg
u bilig". For example, a person's face looks like
bone, moon, soup, purple, or gray. The bone is
thrown at the dishonest person in such a way that
the poet pretends that no one needs him, that the
person is like an abandoned thing. And the moon
is a symbol of facial beauty (beauty in general) in
Eastern literature. The soup-like appearance of
the face indicates the attractiveness of a person's
appearance. Purple is a symbol of a red face. A red
face is a special "unit of measurement" of beauty.
The gray color is a sign of the face of a person who
is afraid or in an uncomfortable situation. This
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
419
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
415-420
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
phenomenon can also be seen in several
references to the army commander. They have
the strength of a general, the terror of an animal
like a lion, the constant vigilance of a tiger, the
strength of a tiger, the aggression and attack of an
enemy like a pig, and the courage of a pig. The
wolf, with his skill in battle tactics, cunning and
enterprise, is like a fox, his ferocity is like a bear,
and he is vengeful. the basin and the camel are
compared to the man, the night watchman and
the sentinel owl to the owl. In general, the use of
color comparisons when describing an object
serves to highlight and exaggerate the different
aspects of this object. In the comparisons, there
are many life scenes related to the lifestyle of the
Turkic peoples, especially farming and animal
husbandry. Animals such as dog, lamb, wolf,
sheep, deer, crow, jackal, red fox, meadows, dry
sand, grass (fire) and spring. Among them are
comparisons related to things such as grass, rope,
written trap, rope, shackles., autumn, field, desert
and phenomena such as dust, wind, tub (storm).
All this shows that "Kutadgu Bilig" is the first
great written epic in the Turkish language, which
had a strong influence on the oral creativity of the
Turkic peoples. After Ogdulmish returns from
Ozgurmish, the following verse is also found in
the Elig language:
If a person is patient, he will find his wish,
He who perseveres catches a swan.
The current versions of this proverb are "Patience
is yellow gold!" , We know that Elig invited
Ozgurmish to his place, but Ozgurmish refused
this offer, saying that he had gone to the path of
asceticism. The metaphor here is a beautiful and
elegant way of summarizing this situation. In
addition, the poet was able to express this
situation very effectively, because the phrase
"you did not accept my proposal" cannot deeply
affect the feelings of the reader. "Remove the
gauze and replace it with a thorn" creates images.
Silk gasmol is the suggestion here; thorn -
rejection. "Kutadgu bilig" metaphors can be found
in many places, especially in places dedicated to
the depiction of nature. When the poet paints the
same moment or scene over and over again, he is
limited to using the same metaphors. In one place,
the night is represented by the metaphor of a
black face, while in other places it is a rusty face,
a lover's forehead, black hair, a black shirt of gray
color and an Abyssinian beard (see). described
through
beaver
skin
metaphors.
The
metaphorical image of the sun is the daughter of
Rome. It is also expressed in the metaphors of the
shield (coral branch), the bright face, and the face
of the beautiful girl. Such a variety of metaphors
can be observed in places related to the morning
landscape, most importantly, in the image of
heroes. All this testifies to Yusuf Khos Hajib's high
skill in artistic depiction.
R
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Юсуф Хос Ҳожиб. Қутадғу билиг (нашрга
тайёрловчи
Каримов
Қ.)
–
Тошкент:Фан,1971.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
420
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
415-420
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
4.
Болтабоева У. Нутқ санъатининг ўзига хос
хусусиятлари:
муаммо
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ечимлар
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