Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
198
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
198-202
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article examines the development of traditional Japanese garden art during the Momoyama period.
The main features, basic elements and structural changes of gardens of the Momoyama period are analyzed
in detail, and the influence of the political, social and religious situation on traditional Japanese gardens is
analyzed.
K
EYWORDS
Momayama period, Shoin-zukuri, Zen Buddhism. "Tsurukame-Horai" Roji, tea house, . Sanbo-in, carp and
turtle island.
I
NTRODUCTION
Scientific research devoted to this problem in the
field of landscape architecture of our republic has
not been carried out in depth. However, the
historical aspects of this topic A.S. Uralov and K.D.
Rakhimov “Garden and park art of the countries
of the East” (Tashkent, 2014) and among the
literature published in Russian, scientists and
specialists A. Lebedev “Japanese Garden”
(Moscow, 2003), E.V. Golosova “Japanese Garden.
History and Art" (Moscow, 2002), A.B. Zaitsev in
such literature as “The Beautiful Devils of the
Gardens
of
Japan”
(2021)
and
A.N.
Mishcheryakov, E.E. Malinina, A. Parshin and S.A.
Mostovoy and others expressed their opinions in
scientific studies.
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL JAPANESE GARDENS
DURING THE MOMAYAMA PERIOD
Submission Date:
December 11,
Accepted Date:
December 16, 2023,
Published Date:
December 21, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-12-34
Boboeva Fotima Sobirjonovna
Doctoral Student Of Samarkand State University Of Architecture And Construction Named After Mirzo
Ulugbek, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
199
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
198-202
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
M
ETHODOLOGY
A comprehensive scientific approach to the
problem includes the following private scientific
research methods. It consists of a comparative
analysis of materials collected during the study of
scientific and specialized literature on the
problem, the study and generalization of
historical, national traditions, values and creative
directions of Japanese garden art.
M
AIN PART
The years 1568-1603 belong to this period. In the
15th-16th centuries, Japan was in a state of
mutual wars, and this period in the country's
history was called the “Warring States” (Sengoku
-
jidai). The leaders of large feudal houses -
daimyos - refused to obey the government and
organized royal uprisings in the struggle for
independence and power. The government
passed into the hands of the military. The military
government implemented a number of reforms
aimed at developing the country's economy and
foreign trade. Large shopping centers were
created, trade and crafts developed there.
Powerful daimyo military leaders began to build
luxurious palaces and gardens in their provinces.
They demonstrated their superiority and
strength.[4]
Therefore, during this period, the demand for
special splendor and luxury, bright, massive and
large elements increased. Instead of the
simplicity, austerity and simplicity of the
aesthetics of Zen teaching, characteristic of the
previous period, elements of massiveness, scale
and decoration began to predominate. This, in
turn, affected the gardens. Large, massive stone
compositions
began
to
be
used
in
gardens.Although this short period lasted 35
years, it stimulated the further development of
Japanese culture, especially gardening. [3]
During the Momayama period, the Shoin-zukuri
style was formed, which was widely used in the
architecture of palaces and temples. The garden,
part of the Shoin-zukuri style ensemble, has a
reduced area, in contrast to the Shinden-zukuri
style, which was formed during the Heian period.
The garden composition is located closer to the
Shoin building. This change not only made it
possible to walk around the garden, but also
allowed one to meditate while in part of the
shrine. To prevent the garden from becoming
boring with its monotony and to attract the
viewer’s attention for a long time, rare stones and
unusual plants were used. In the gardens of the
Momayama period, a special place was occupied
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
200
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
198-202
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
by compositions of islands of “eternal life”,
expressing the desire of their owners to live a long
life. In the gardens of this period, 3 compositions
were used simultaneously. It consists of the
islands "Horai", "Crane", "Turtle", and is called
"Tsurukame-Horai". Usually this image of
"Tsurukame Horai" is rarely expressed in the
form of a cave and a waterfall. Sometimes an
image of Mount Horai is placed on the back of a
turtle.[1]
Founded during the Momayama period, Sanbo-in
Park is still famous today and was rebuilt by
Hideki Toyotomi in 1598 to celebrate the cherry
blossom festival. More than 300 gardeners
worked on the project. An artificial lake was dug
and 700 stones were placed on an area of 540
square meters.[2]
The plan below of the Sanbo-in garden shows
how close the pond is to the structures and at the
same time the islands are located side by side in
the composition of Tsurukame Horai. The islands
are connected by bridges. Sanbo-in Park is
notable for its large pond, stones and unusually
shaped rocks. In the picture below we can clearly
see that the islands were connected by stone
bridges in the Momayama period gardens. This
element was an indispensable attribute of
gardens of that time [6].
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
201
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
198-202
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
R
ESULTS
During this period, the tea ceremony had a
significant impact on the development of
Japanese culture. The tea ceremony was also
performed in Zen temples during the Kamakura
period, and in the later Muromachi period it
became a hobby of the military class (samurai)
and took the form of competition. In the
competition, participants found varieties of tea.
However, during the Momayama period, the rules
of the tea ceremony were improved, and a special
room and garden for the tea ceremony began to
be formed in the houses of daimyos. The tea
ceremony has penetrated into all social strata of
Japanese society. [4]
During the Momayama period, a special chashitsu
(tea house) was built to hold the tea ceremony.
Later, a special roji garden was formed next to
Tianitsu, which was considered an integral part of
the tea ceremony. The word Rodzi means "path to
the tea house." Rodzi was not just a garden for
walking or contemplation. It served as a kind of
intermediate path between the world of the tea
ceremony. [3]
All the generals, daimyos, nobles, priests,
farmers and merchants loved him. However, the
principles of the tea ceremony were interpreted
differently in different strata of society. Among
the nobles and feudal lords it took place in the
form of a solemn ceremony, a holiday, and among
ordinary peasants - in simple huts, as a peaceful
friendly circle. The tea ceremony, considered
classic, is based on the idea of the tea ceremony of
ordinary peasants. Thanks to the tea ceremony, a
unique type of Japanese garden arose, which did
not disappear in other gardens in the world, and
subsequently had a strong influence on the
development of Japanese garden art. [1]
D
ISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Although there were no fundamental changes in
the gardens of Momayama's era, modern news,
political and social changes had their influence.
Especially during this period, stone compositions
in gardens were distinguished by their scale,
massiveness and large size. Also during the
Momayama period, the Shoin-zukuri style was
formed, similar to the Shinden-zukuri style of the
Heian period discussed above. The area of the
Shoin-zukuri style gardens was reduced, and the
pond was placed near the Shoin structure.
It was during the Momayama period that the rules
of the tea ceremony were improved, and special
rooms and gardens for the tea ceremony began to
be formed in the houses of daimyos. The tea
ceremony has penetrated into all social strata of
Japanese society. Today's aesthetics of the tea
ceremony is shaped by the laws and rules that
developed during the Momayama period.we can
conclude that during the Momoyama period there
were Gardens around the castles of feudal lords
(daimyo) with lakes, shore pebbles and stone
bridges. A combination of Zen gardens with
walking and tea gardens.
R
EFERENCES
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
202
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
198-202
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
1.
Mostovoy S.A. Landscape art of Japan: Origins,
traditions.
2.
E.V. Golosova. Japanese Garden: History and
Art. - M, 2002.
3.
Zaitsev A. B. Gardens of Japan beautiful
features (2021)
4.
Konrad N.I. Ancient history of Japan: from
ancient times to the Taika coup, 645 // Ars
Asiatika, 2005.
5.
Yoshikawa I. Teien shokusai yogojiten.
Dictionary of gardening terms. Tokyo: Inoue
shoin, 2002. Jap. language
6.
Japanese gardens
–
Tashchen(1999)
