Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
90
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
90-94
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article will be devoted to the novel “Kapalaklar o‘yini” by Tokhtamurod Rustam, which is considered
a symbolic novel. The article focuses on the study of the novel by literary scholars and the assessment it
gives. There has also been an attempt to reveal the reasons for the diversity of ideas about the novel.
K
EYWORDS
Symbol, novel, criticism, analysis, modern, symbol-novel, experiment.
I
NTRODUCTION
Uzbek novels, created in recent years, have begun
to master the application of methods inherent in
the world epic experience, such as multi-plan
content, a hard plot, compositional colorfulness, a
desire for shapely turfitude. As a result, “new
novels” arose, in which world novelistic
experiences were synthesized on a national-
cultural basis and based on symbol-symbols. New
novel (neoroman, antiroman)
–
French writers of
the 50s and 70s of the last century N.Sarroth,
A.Rob-Grieve, M.Buther, K.Simon, it is a
conditional term that refers to the characteristics
inherent in their experimental research by and
their followers. Proponents of this direction put
forward the idea that traditional prose is
outdated and unnecessary, the styles inherent in
such novels, which are at their full potential. They
argue that it is possible to create novels without a
hero and without a narrative plot. In the novels of
the independence period, written in this
Journal
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Research Article
ABOUT THE SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE
NOVEL “KAPALAKLAR
O‘YINI”
Submission Date:
December 04, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 09, 2023,
Published Date:
December 14, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-12-17
Mohira Abdurakhmonova
Institute Of Uzbek Language, Literature And Folklore, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
91
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
90-94
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
direction, the features characteristic of the “mini
-
novel” were described by I.Yakubov I.Sultan’s
“Boqiy darbadar”, as well as U.Hamdam studies
on the example of his novels “Na’matak” and
positively evaluates these experiments .
It should be said that not all experiments written
using world experience are successfully accepted.
The novel “Kapalaklar o‘yini” by Tokhtamurod
Rustamov, created during the period of
independence, is one of such experiments. This
work is also written in the method of describing
the evolutions in the layers of the ego on the basis
of thoughts and experiences, without the eventful
p
lot characteristic of “new novels”. That's why the
events described in the novel seem to be
unrelated. Because in the work, different from the
point of view of time and space, reality and
fantasy are mixed into poetic expression.
The novel was written in 1994-1998 and was first
published in the pages of a magazine, then in 2000
as a book under the name “Kapalaklar o‘yini”.
After a long time, the writer reworks the work,
making almost ten percent changes, keeping the
general content of the work. As a result of these
changes, the novel was published in 2020 under
the name “Dengizni ko‘rmagan odamlar”. Due to
the fact that the style of the novel is written in
such a way as to strain the patience of most
readers, it has remained in the audience of
literary critics and a small number of readers. In
fact, “the fate of little reading and little
understanding” is a phenomenon common to
almost all symbolic works. But it should be
recognized that the level of the artistic model is
not determined only by the number of students.
After the creation of the novel “Kapalaklar o‘yini”,
the opinions of literary critics about the work
were divided into two poles: one group of them
seriously criticized the work, while the other
group concluded that it is possible to ignore the
flaws in the novel. In particular, Y.Solijonov writes
about “Kapalaklar o‘yini” that “due to the
deliberate attempt to turn the material that could
be the leaven of a single story into a novel,
secondary episodes have disappeared” . And
Z.Pardayeva evaluates
the novel “Kapalaklar
o‘yini” as an absurd novel that interprets an
absurd life and an absurd hero. He also criticizes
that unnecessary repetitions have a negative
effect on the essence of the novel, and
acknowledges that the work contributed to the
diversity of the non-traditional genre.
Literary critics criticized the absurdity and
unusualness of the novel's sentence structure. In
this regard, S.Sadikov says that “the extraordinary
level of abnormality, which touches a person's
laughter, is clearly felt in the language and style of
the novel, in particular details, in the order of
events, in the expression of time and space” ,
“Tokhtamurod Rustam read their experience
enough concludes that the novel “Kapalaklar
o‘yini” has become the embodiment and victi
m of
consciously, deliberately created unnaturalness
due to the lack of mastery and immaturity of the
skill” .
P.Kadirov , one of the famous writers of Uzbek
prose, evaluates the novel as an empty work
written in imitation of James Joyce's stream of
consciousness and M.Proust's expressive style,
and accuses T.Rustam of imitating Joyce's
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
92
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
90-94
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
nihilism - inappropriate irony and mockery.
Professor K.Yoldashev criticized P.Kadyrov's
views on the fact that these opinions are not the
result of deep analysis, are not widely explained,
and are not derived from the main principles of
today's modern literature.
M.Pirnazarova pays attention to the style of the
work and tries to look at the complexity of the
interpretation of S.Sadik “to the point of anger” as
an individual style of T. Rustam. Similarly,
G.Avezova also says that the work is a product of
the writer's skill, not neglecting the compositional
elements in it, but the path consciously followed
by Western literature, the compositional
construction reflected in figurative layers
requires the integrity of a unique artistic
observation. approaches in the direction of
necessity.
Sh.Davronova considers that the novel is devoid
of the vital activity of moving characters typical of
absurd works, and this aspect is seen in the main
character Badal Armon's indifference to the
existing social situation, and the opinion that it is
controversial to analyze “Kapalaklar o‘yini” as an
absurd work reveals. In addition, “...strict
judgments such as failure and artificiality are not
so suitable for the artistic value of this novel”,
“...the complexity of the image and expression, the
artist's relevance for any time and space does not
allow an easy understanding of the religious
intention” softens the above critical tensions.
Sharp criticism and different analyzes devoted to
the understanding of the work put before us a big
question: “What is the reason for the appearance
of opinions that do not confirm each other about
one sample of a novel?”. Of course, each of the
above discussions has a certain basis. In our
opinion, it is necessary to evaluate the work in
accordance with the criteria of modern literary
analysis along with traditional criteria.
First of all, the novel “Kapalaklar o‘yini” does not
follow a certain compositional construction, plot
system typical of traditional novels. Due to the
mixed use of chronic, concentric, and
retrospective types of plot in the work, the reader
loses the thread of the plot. As the theorists of
modern literature have pointed out, such works
are viewed as if an object were viewed with an
optical instrument, in which the object has a
vague diffused appearance at the first optical
sight, and gradually the object becomes rounded,
and each part of it becomes clearly defined. will
have an expression. The process of understanding
modern works can be compared to optical
observation. In the novel, the ramifications, which
seem to be rings, are actually branches of a single
idea.
Secondly, the fact that the plot consists of “stream
of consciousness” images b
uilt on the basis of
memories creates the impression that events are
happening out of order. As Q.Yoldosh noted: “It
does not have the narrative that we are used to, it
reflects the incessant dynamics, the versatility of
life itself, and the new and chaotic way of thinking
of a person”. It is known that events, which are
considered the result of the author's artistic
fabric, are brought to life in a way that is
transferred to the memory of the heroes, and
when the unlimited memory of the events that
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
93
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
90-94
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
really happened in life is transferred to the soul of
the hero in the form of a continuous process,
“stream of consciousness” appears. In the work,
the compositional integrity is provided by means
of the interpretation of imagination and
impressions that create a logical relationship. The
novel shows that the artistic fabric of J.Joyce is the
result of the “stream of consciousness”
description of the events carried over to the
memory of the heroes, and the adaptation of
M.Proust to the modernist interpretation method
that reflects reality through memories. Therefore,
taking into account that the expressions in the
text that seem to be “disjointed from beginning to
end” are actually signs of “stream of
consciousness” works, they require analysis from
the point of view of world thought.
Thirdly, the Roman language is not free from
abnormality. The writer tries to explain the event
he wants to express with complex sentences and
unexplained terms and phrases. In the novel,
words such as “killer of a horse”, “killer of a
soul”,
“Bakahovuz time”, “agriculture and horticultural
science”, “box” (in the sense of radio), “T point
Rustam”. The fact that word combinations impose
uncertainty on the perceived events indicates
that it is impossible to give a complete artistic
solution, an absolutely clear conclusion typical of
modern works. This is the basis of the negative
opinions expressed about the example written
without the participation of smooth sentences
that the eye has learned.
Fourthly, the mixed depiction of reality with
unreality, rationality with irrationality, yesterday
with today, characteristic of postmodern
examples, as well as the symbolized depiction of
events in the dynamics of fast image without
changing the characteristics of the world
experience folk oral creativity and traditional
heritage samples, from which position the work
abstracts the necessity of analysis.
Fifthly, the writer tries to reflect reality mainly
through symbols in “Kapalaklar o‘yini”. The vices
of the society are symbolized by the events
remembered in the subconscious layers of the
hero Badal Armon. Complex sentences and
unexplained terms in the description of the
events remembered by the hero, combined with a
layer of sharp symbols in the novel, require
serious observation.
Tokhtamurod Rustam tries to reveal the process
of a young man's desire for a new life as a result
of being tired of life and ills in society using
symbols, metaphors, and non-traditional similes.
The fate of Badal Armon reflects the situation in
the whole society. It is a sharp joke that people
living in today's era of globalization seem to rely
on logic, their thoughts are the result of consistent
planning, but in reality, today's people who have
lost their spiritual support are surrounded by
mass irrationality reflects with deep symbolic
metaphors. The work can be said to be a
statement of unfulfilled dreams. It contains the
sorrows, tragedies and dreams of people who
wanted to completely change their lives, but were
unable to do so.
C
ONCLUSION
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
94
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
Pages:
90-94
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
In conclusion, it can be said that it is a natural
phenomenon that literary critics have different
views on symbolic novels. But developing criteria
for evaluating symbolic novels is one of the main
tasks today.
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