Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
89
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
89-95
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
In this article, some theoretical aspects of the religious factor in the socio-political life of humanity were
studied. In particular, the history of the emergence of religion and the uniqueness of its evolutionary
processes were considered. Also, different views of some scientists in this field and the classifications put
forward by them were analyzed. Along with this, in order to know the place of religion in society and
people's life, its various functions and place were also researched.
K
EYWORDS
Religion, religio-political situation, Islam, socio-political life, state, politics, secularization, desecularization,
functions.
I
NTRODUCTION
By studying the factor of religion in the socio-
political life of mankind and understanding the
real state of the religious scene in this region
today, imagining it, considering the processes in
the system, the scope and types of internal and
external factors affecting it, the dangers and
threats to the socio-political interests of the
country detection is putting a number of tasks
before the specialists of the field. One of them is
the need to consider and analyze the theoretical
and methodological foundations of the religious-
political situation as a system.
First, let's get into the religion and its philosophy,
which forms the basis of the topic we are
Journal
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Copyright:
Original
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4.0 licence.
Research Article
CONCERNING THE STUDY OF SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS
OF THE RELIGION FACTOR
Submission Date:
March 18,
2024,
Accepted Date:
March 23, 2024,
Published Date:
March 28, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-03-18
ОТАМАТОВ М.А.
Head of the Department of Organization of Scientific Affairs and Innovative Activities of Chirchik Higher
Tank Command Engineering Educational Institution, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
90
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
89-95
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
studying. Philosophy of religion, whose main
topic is "religion" like sociology of religion,
psychology of religion, studies "religion" based on
philosophy . It takes an intellectual and neutral
approach to research. This type of science tries to
find a philosophical basis for the belief in some
kind of Creator. Because of this, the goal of those
working in the field of philosophy of religion is
not to deal with the question of whether religion
is true or false, but to reveal the logic and essence
of religious judgments. Also, the religious
worldview determines the highest feelings and
criteria for the Creator. In this way, giving an
understanding to the existing existence allows
those who believe in religion to get out of various
limitations, to achieve a bright future, hope for
prosperity, support freedom from suffering,
unhappiness, loneliness, depression.
Therefore, let's consider the foundations of
religion and its unique functions , which are the
main factors that create today's religious and
political situations.
The answer to such natural questions as "When
did religion appear" and "Since when do people
believe in God" certainly goes back to the history
of the emergence of religion. However, according
to scientists who have conducted research on this
issue, there is no single answer to this question
and no consensus has been reached. There are
two views on the origin of religions in science
only in general terms.
The first view is the "theological approach”
related to the creation of humanity (Adam and
Eve in Islam, Adam and Eve in Christianity and
Adam and Eve, Govmard in Zoroastrianism, etc.),
the s
econd view is the “materialistic approach”
dating back to antiquity (by the 17th century in
Europe the decline of church authority, the
appearance of superstitions - critics of religion,
Charles Darwin's (Origin of Species) in the
second half of the 19th century (the original title
of the work in 1859 was "On the Origin of Species
by Natural Selection, or of Different Races in the
Struggle for Survival" the work named
"Preservation") is published in 1872).
According to representatives of the materialistic
approach, August Comte and Ludwig Buchner,
religions went through an evolutionary process
from simple to complex, from general to
particular, from polytheism to monotheism . In
the works of the representatives of this group,
Herbert Spencer , Sigmund Freud , Max Müller ,
the idea that fear played the main role in the
emergence of religions was put forward.
So, the analysis of the data shows that the ideas
about the emergence of religions mainly caused a
feeling of confidence arising due to the spiritual
experiences of a person, his condition, his
physical and physiological, biological and
psychological aspects.
Although the opinions of religious scientists who
have studied the classification of religion differ,
the following classification is mainly used in
today's literature on religion: 1. Primitive
religious ideas (tribe-tribal religions) - based on
totemistic, animistic ideas, worshiping magicians,
shamans or tribal leaders from their clan religions
. They have been absorbed into national religions
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
89-95
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
and world religions, and are now preserved in
some tribes in Australia, South America and
Africa; 2. Religions of a nation - religions that are
specific to a certain nation and are not accepted
by representatives of other nations . They include
Ashiyaism (characteristic of the Jewish nation),
Hinduism (characteristic of the Indians),
Confucianism (characteristic of the Chinese
nation), Shintoism (characteristic of the
Japanese); 3. World religions are the most
widespread religions in the world, which people
can believe in regardless of their nationality and
race . Buddhism, Christianity and Islam are
usually included in their ranks. In addition,
according to the doctrine, religions are divided
into monotheistic - monotheistic (Judaism, Islam)
and polytheistic - polytheistic (Hinduism,
Confucianism) religions, etc.
This classification, together with the correct
understanding
of
today's
religio-political
situation, indicates the types of religion, their
division, and the preservation of customs that are
present in the world religions, but which belong
to the previous primitive religious imaginations.
Considering the theoretical aspects of the
religious factor, it is appropriate to dwell on the
uniqueness of its functions that have a great
influence in society/people's lives. In the table
below, we will focus on a number of functions of
religion and its specific features.
Functions of religion
Religious
functions names
Uniqueness (characteristics) of religious functions
Compensation
reshapes the human mind;
complements limitation, dependence and helplessness in changing the
objective conditions of life;
real oppression is eliminated through spiritual freedom;
social groups are equal in sinning and suffering;
donations given by religious organizations, kindness, education, income
redistribution alleviates the suffering of the oppressed, etc.;
relieves mental shocks, comforts, repels and provides spiritual
nourishment.
Communica-
tiveness
provides communication;
occurs in both religious and non-religious activities and relationships;
includes the processes of information exchange, interaction, perception of
a person by a person;
religious consciousness defines two types of communication: the
communication of believers with each other and the communication of
believers with hypostatic beings (god, angels, spirits of the dead, saints,
etc.)
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
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89-95
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Regulation
consists of managing the activities, relations, consciousness and morals of
individuals, groups and communities through certain ideas, values,
guidelines, stereotype patterns, thoughts, traditions, styles, institutions;
in particular, a system of norms (religious law, morality, etc.), role models,
control (monitoring the implementation of rules), incentives and
punishments (real and promised to be rewarded after death) are important.
Integrative -
disintegrative
unites individuals, groups and institutions on the one hand, and separates
them on the other;
integration preserves the stability and resilience of individuals, certain
social groups, organizations, and the entire society, while disintegration
weakens it;
the integrative function is realized when there is a single religious belief in
a certain sense;
if incompatible ideas appear in the religious consciousness and behavior of
individuals, and conflicting confessions appear in the social group and
society, the function of religion becomes disintegrative.
Cultural
promotion
function
previously helped the development of certain layers of culture - writing,
printing, art in general;
currently, while encouraging some cultural phenomena and denying some,
it fulfills the tasks of preserving and increasing religious and cultural
values, leaving the scientific and spiritual heritage from generation to
generation.
Legitimization -
removal of
legitimates
carries out tasks of legalizing some public procedures, institutions,
relations, norms, patterns as obligations or outlawing some of them;
puts forward certain legal requirements and obligations and evaluates
certain manifestations on the basis of it, forming a certain attitude to them.
In this case, the mandatory and indisputable character is important.
Analyzing these functions of religion, first of all,
mankind learned about religion and began to
believe in it, and it has a direct influence on the
mental and spiritual consciousness of people
from all walks of life. Secondly, based on the
original content and essence, he embodied the
norms of universal morality and turned them into
mandatory rules of behavior for all (his
believers). Thirdly, he helped and guided the
social strata and the people who make up its
foundation to live in harmony.
Fourthly, from the moment man recognized his
mind, he developed a strong sense of trust in the
Supreme Being. He gave them divine strength to
overcome various trials and problems of life, to
overcome highs and lows. Fifth, it helped to
preserve universal and spiritual values and
traditions and pass them down from generation
to generation. It has also been a great support for
the survival and development of different
cultures.
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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VOLUME
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89-95
SJIF
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)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Not only in our country, but also in the entire
Central Asia region, when we study such
questions as the early religious views and the
introduction of Islam, based on the uniqueness of
people's trust and faith in it today, the role of
Islam in people's lives, its importance in the
management of society and states, almost all of
the functions mentioned above are studied. It is
not difficult to observe in today's real life.
Analyzing the religious situation at the end of the
19th and 20th centuries, according to Russian
scientist R.A. Lopatkin , the factors affecting it are
divided into internal and external. The internal
factor consists of the object's religiosity and
status, while the external factor includes society,
the state, mass media, as well as influences from
outside the region and abroad.
The concept of "religious situation" is used mainly
in journalism, official documents and scientific
publications in relation to society and religion,
the role of religion in society, religious
orientations and religious organizations. Also,
when revealing the concept of "Religious
situation", it is necessary to pay attention to who
defines it.
For example, if the religious situation is defined
by a person performing a special task of the state
authority or a researcher, he will focus on the
impact on the socio-political life of the state and
the cases of not deviating from the legal field. Or,
if a religious situation is interpreted by a
particular denomination, then the subject
considers the effect of the religious situation on
him
and
his
interaction
with
other
denominations. If a religious situation is
interpreted by a sociologist, a theologian, or a
historian, then the religious situation is
interpreted with historical, scientific, and
evidence.
In general, the religious situation is a part of the
social and political situation, and at the same time
as a sub-system, it includes its components, that
is, religious views, religious activities, religious
relations and activities of religious organizations,
due to internal and external factors affecting it
constitutes its own state.
Views on the supremacy or separation of religion
and politics from each other and religious-
political relationship Aurelius Augustine , in the
philosophy of antiquity, Thomas Aquinas , in the
medieval Western philosophy,
J. J. Rousseau , Hegel , T. Hobbes , Emile , Durkheim
in the philosophy of the 19th century, as the main
scientific object in the works of a number of
philosophers, as well as in the works of M. Gandhi
, B. Spinoza , the role of religion in relation to
society, state, and enlightenment is shown.
According to these philosophers, modern
concepts of the religious factor, in particular, the
religious situation, are emerging today.
Also, the characteristics and philosophical-
political aspects of modern theology acquired an
interdisciplinary character, and the theology of
historical situations and political sciences began
to be analyzed from a new perspective. Also,
today, factors such as Islamophobia (religious
extremism, terrorism) are increasing, the desire
to discredit religion and use religion as a flag to
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SJIF
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)
(2023:
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)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
achieve their own interests has increased in the
world arena and in various armed conflicts.
In short, due to the needs of people and society, as
well as political and spiritual changes in the
management of states, the role of religion in
politics is increasing (at first glance, it seems that
it is changing places like a natural state), creating
secular and desecular processes.
In addition, as D. Yusupova, an expert in the field,
noted, ... the religious-political situation gained
strength due to the drastic actions of the Russian
Empire during the Tsar's colonial period; that the
Islamic religion, which the Russian Empire
suppressed by force, had a great potential power
in the country; these cases showed that the new
era was the basis for desecular laws, that is, it
confirmed how correct the paradigm , is that
increasing secularization will eventually lead to
desecularization.
Also, although there is no single classification for
the study of religion, it can be considered
sufficient for the correct analysis of today's
religio-political situation with the help of its
various functions based on its place in the state,
society and people's lives. It was also observed
that the religious and political situation is one of
the main elements in the development
system/strategy of any state. Analyzing the
opinions of a number of scientists, it was
predicted that the signs of desecularization will
naturally be observed in the future life of the
countries of the Central Asian region, which have
lived in secular politics for many years.
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SJIF
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