Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
81
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
81-88
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Today, one of the most promising methods of combating COVID-19 is considered complete vaccination,
which should provide collective immunity to more than 65% of the total population. As you know, the
World Health Organization (WHO) has approved the accelerated registration procedure for vaccines
against SARSCoV-2, and several vaccines are already available for use in a number of countries. Table 1
provides a summary of comparative data on various vaccines and their effectiveness when used.
K
EYWORDS
Population, comparative data on various vaccines, complete vaccination.
I
NTRODUCTION
Today, one of the most promising methods of
combating COVID-19 is considered complete
vaccination, which should provide collective
immunity to more than 65% of the total
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
MONITORING THE CURRENT STATE OF VACCINATION
(REVIEW)
Submission Date:
March 18,
2024,
Accepted Date:
March 23, 2024,
Published Date:
March 28, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-03-17
Shoyatbek Todjikhujaev Shukurillo Ogly
Assistant of the Department of Oncology at the Andijan state medical institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Dilfuza Mamarasulova Zakirjanovna
Doctor of science Professor of the Department of Oncology at the Andijan state medical institute, Andijan,
Uzbekistan
Albina Khudoyarova Gumarovna
PhD, docent at the Department of Physiology at the Andijan state medical institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
82
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
81-88
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
population. As you know, the World Health
Organization (WHO) has approved the
accelerated registration procedure for vaccines
against SARSCoV-2, and several vaccines are
already available for use in a number of countries.
Table 1 provides a summary of comparative data
on various vaccines and their effectiveness when
used. As can be seen from the table, mRNA
vaccines from different developers, vector
vaccines from different developers, vaccines with
inactivated virus, and others were subject to
comparison. Some of them had WHO approval
and the effectiveness results expressed as a
percentage show that 2-dose vaccines at intervals
of 20 to 30 days are still more acceptable, since
the e/ffectiveness rates exceed 90%, despite the
different
number
of
vaccination
/participants[7,8,9].
In short, the objective of our study was to
summarize the currently available information
regarding the effectiveness and safety of available
vaccines, and vaccines approved in Uzbekistan,
for the prevention of COVID-19.
Table 1
The effectiveness of vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19, according to clinical
studies
Name
Developer
Technology
Research
Effecti
vity
Dose
regimen
WHO
regist
ration
BNT162b2
Pfizer/Biotech
mRNA
Phase III -
43 488
participant
s
95%
Multi -dose
with
interval 21
days
+
mRNA-1273
Moderna
mRNA
Phase III -
30 420
participant
s
94.1%
Multi -dose
with
interval 28
days
+
ChAdOx1nC
oV-
19/AZD1222
AstraZeneca/
University
of
Oxford
Adenovirus
vector
Phase III -
11 636
participant
s
70.4%
Multi -dose
with
interval 28
days
+
Ad26.COV2.
S
Janssen/Johnson
&Johnson
Adenovirus
vector
Phase III -
19 630
participant
s
66.1
Single dose
+
Gam-
COVID-Vac/
Sputnik V
Gamaleya
Research
Institute
of
Adenovirus
vector
Phase III -
19 866
participant
91.6
Multi -dose
with
interval 21
Under
consid
eratio
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
83
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
81-88
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Epidemiology
and
Microbiology
s
days
n
EpiVacCoron
a
VECTOR
Center
of
Virology
S
protein
SARS-
CoV-2
Phase III-
3000
participats
Results
Septem
ber
2021
Multi -dose
with
interval 21
days
-
Sputnik Light Gamaleya
Research
Institute
of
Epidemiology
and
Microbiology
Adenovirus
vector
Phase I,II
Results
July
2021
Single dose
-
CoviVac
Chumakov
Center at the
Russian
Academy
of
Sciences
Inactivated
vaccine
Informatio
n is not
provided
Inform
ation is
not
provide
d
Multi -dose
with
interval 14
days
-
1.1 Current vaccination status indicators
We have been considering monitoring the status
of vaccination against coronavirus in Uzbekistan
since the beginning of this campaign on
04/06/2021. As is known, the following vaccines
against COVID-19 have been approved in
Uzbekistan:
• Moderna
• Oxford/AstraZeneca
• Pfizer/BioNTech
• Sinovac
• Sputnik Light
• Sputnik V
• ZF2001
Studying the current vaccination statistics as of
February 5, 2023 (Uzbekistan), we have the
following indicators: with a population of
34,382,000 people, the number of vaccinated
people was 21,674,823, which in percentage
terms was 63.04%. 18,101,452 people were fully
vaccinated, which also amounted to 52.65%
respectively. The booster dose was 15,319,866,
respectively
44.56%.
Total
vaccinations
74,976,351. As notes, here is a breakdown of the
keywords we use:
- number of vaccinated people - the total number
of people who have received at least one dose of
the vaccine;
- fully vaccinated - the total number of people who
have received all doses prescribed by the
vaccination protocol;
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
84
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
81-88
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
- booster dose - the total number of people who
received an additional booster dose;
- total vaccinations - the total number of doses
administered (the number of single doses may
not equal the total number of people vaccinated -
depending on the vaccination protocol, people
may receive multiple doses)
Current statistics on coronavirus as of March 20,
2023 (worldwide) had their own characteristics,
for example: total infections were noted
682,546,142 people. Deaths according to global
data amounted to
6,819,835 people, which is a percentage of 1.0%.
Recovered - 655,465,609, respectively 96.0%.
Table 2
Percentage of population vaccinated against coronavirus
(COVID-19) by leading countries as of 03/18/2023
Countries
Single dose
Multi dose
Total %
Cambodia
3,68
85,3
88,97
UAE
*
*
97
Qatar
*
*
95
Chile
*
*
91
Hong Kong
*
*
89
Nicaragua
*
87,3
Cuba
*
88
China
*
*
88
Portugal
*
87
Spain
*
87
Vietnam
*
85
Note. * - receiving vaccine doses
The data presented in table 2 reflects the
percentage of vaccination of the world population
against COVID-19. The table shows statistics on
complete vaccination against coronavirus - this
means receiving all doses prescribed by the
vaccination protocol. If a person receives the first
dose of a two-dose vaccine, they are not
considered fully vaccinated. The table shows the
percentages of both partially and fully vaccinated
residents. Data is only available for countries that
report vaccination statistics. Some countries
provide statistics not on people, but on the total
number of vaccine doses administered.
As the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan reported,
almost 53 million doses of coronavirus vaccines
were used to vaccinate the population in
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
85
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
81-88
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Uzbekistan, 16 million doses are in reserve. Full
vaccination coverage is 77%, as of May 19, 2022
(according to the Ministry of Health).
To date, according to the Ministry of Health in
Uzbekistan, the number of doses of different
vaccines against coronavirus in use is close to 70
million, which is much higher than the planned
doses of vaccines. For example, the following
number of doses was used during vaccination:
• 2,606,080 doses
- AstraZeneca;
• 48169038 doses
- ZF-UZ-VAZ 2001 (of which
6172770 doses produced in Uzbekistan);
• 1,341,790 doses
- Sputnik V;
• 10688860 doses
- Moderna;
• 4,626,180 doses
- Pfizer/BioNTech;
• 1,976,000 doses
- Sinovac;
• 343,375 doses of Sputnik Light.The vaccine
reserve is 16 million 200 thousand doses, the
ministry’s press service said in a statement. The
Ministry of Health provided data that the planned
coverage of the population with the first dose of
the vaccine is 94.6%, and “full vaccination”
coverage is 76.9%. However, in October, the
Ministry of Health provided information on how
many vaccinated people fell ill with coronavirus
in the country. Since the beginning of mass
vaccination (April 1), of all those sick with
coronavirus, only 285 people, or about 0.3%, have
received the vaccine, reported the deputy head of
the sanitary and epidemiological service.
From the data in Table 3, we see that initially
there were preferences for taking vaccines and
their doses. For example, the table shows that the
predominance of the number of people
vaccinated with the 2nd dose, both in general data
and, in particular, for specific vaccines. Figure 1
reflects the morbidity characteristics of
vaccinated residents as a percentage depending
on the frequency of vaccinations. For example, the
incidence after 1 dose of Moderna was almost
100%. The AstraZeneca vaccine gave a high rate
after 2 doses. While the Sputnik V vaccine gave
average incidence rates for both doses. However,
the results of morbidity after vaccination with the
ZF-UZ-VAZ 2001 vaccine were within smaller
limits, but with their own peculiarity, that is, the
morbidity after the 3rd dose was the same.
Perhaps the reliability of these indicators differs
due to the different number of residents who took
part in the study.
Table 3
Percentage of vaccinations by vaccine and dose since the start of vaccination
Vaccinated people
with
ZF-UZVAK
Vaccinated
people with
Astrazeneka
Vaccinated
people with
Sputnik V
All surveyed
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
86
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
81-88
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Single
dose
Multi-
dose
Single
dose
Multi-
dose
Single
dose
Multi-
dose
Single
dose
Multi-
dose
236
(46,4%)
272
(53,6%)
53
(13,8%)
332
(86,2%)
46
(52,2%)
42
(47,8%)
409
(27,8%)
649
(44,1%)
508
385
88
1058
According to information from the Ministry of
Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, studies were
carried out of the serological status of persons
who received vaccines against the SARS-COV-2
coronavirus, as well as a comparative analysis of
immunization in those vaccinated with different
vaccines and in residents who did not receive the
vaccine.
Table 4
IgG immunoglobulin level in persons who have not received the vaccine
Level of IgG,
BAU/ml
0-1,0
(n=18; 4,3%)
1,01-100,0
(n=261; 63%)
100,01-1000
(n=114; 27,5%)
˃1000
(n=2; 0,4%)
Average
index
0,54±0,16
36,1±6,09
226,5±73,1
1649±1261,
As can be seen from the table, the average IgG
immunoglobulin level in individuals who have not
received the vaccine varies significantly. So, for
example, with a titer of 1.01-100.0 it was 63%.
Persons with titles of greater significance were
encountered much less often.
According to the data of these studies, presented
in Table 5, a pattern of increase in the level of IgG
immunoglobulin depending on the dose is visible
when taking almost all vaccines. There is a more
active formation of the IgG immunoglobulin titer
from 50% to 65% when taking all vaccines at the
2nd dose. The titer ranges from 100 to 1000
BAU/ml. Tiers over 1000 range from 10% to 15%
also when receiving 2 doses of the vaccine. These
numbers indicate that vaccination should be
complete, according to approved protocols
specifically for each vaccine used.
Table 5
Indicators of the dependence of the level of immunoglobulin IgG on the frequency of
doses received by vaccines
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
87
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
81-88
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Level
of
IgG,
BAU/ml
0-1,0
1,01-100,0
100,01-1000
˃1000
Single
dose
Multi
-dose
Single
dose
Multi-
dose
Single
dose
Multi-
dose
Single
dose
Multi-
dose
ZF-UZVAK
1-5%
0,5-
2%
32%
53%
31%
60%
0,5%
10%
Astrazeneka
0,5%
0,1%
35%
65%
35%
53%
-
10%
Спутник V
0,5%
-
33%
55%
48%
53%
-
15%
C
ONCLUSION
In conclusion of the monitoring carried out on the
issue of the current situation with vaccination for
Covid-19, it should be noted that no matter how
“dissident” events were carried out aimed at
refusing vaccination in general and against Covid-
19 in particular, the correct actions of the media
information and sufficient awareness of the
population about this problem directs measures
to form collective immunity from Covid-19 in the
right direction, which reduces the percentage of
seriously ill patients, elderly and senile patients,
deaths in various age groups, and also leads to a
mitigation of complications after past infection.
The preventive strategy for this problem is
absolutely provable. The effectiveness of
vaccination is reflected statistically reliably in
many countries and in almost all age and gender
groups of residents.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Abbasi J. COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccines-First
Large Test for a New Approach. JAMA. 2020
Sep
3.
PubMed:
https://pubmed.gov/32880613.
Full-text:
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.16866
2.
Agarwal A, Mukherjee A, Kumar G, Chatterjee
P, Bhatnagar T, Malhotra P; PLACID Trial
Collaborators. Convalescent plasma in the
management of moderate covid-19 in adults
in India: open label phase II multicentre
randomised controlled trial (PLACID Trial).
BMJ. 2020 Oct 22;371:m3939. PubMed:
https://pubmed.gov/33093056.
Full-text:
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3939
3.
Agrawal AS, Tao X, Algaissi A, et al.
Immunization with inactivated Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus vaccine
leads to lung immunopathology on challenge
with live virus. Hum Vaccin Immunother.
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
88
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
81-88
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
2016
Sep;12(9):2351-6.
PubMed:
https://pubmed.gov/27269431.
Full-text:
https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2016.11
77688
4.
Hodgson SH, Mansatta K, Mallett G, Harris V,
Emary KWR, Pollard AJ. What defines an
efficacious COVID-19 vaccine? A review of the
challenges assessing the clinical efficacy of
vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Lancet Infect
Dis 2020, published 27 October. Full-text:
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-
3099(20)30773-8
5.
Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, et
al. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2
and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically
Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell. 2020 Apr
16;181(2):271-280.e8.
PubMed:
https://pubmed.gov/32142651.
Full-text:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
6.
WHO 20200409. WHO target product profiles
for COVID-19 vaccines. WHO 2020, published
9 April, accessed 2 September, 2020. Full-text:
https://www.who.int/who-documents-
detail/who-target-product-profiles-for-
covid-19-vaccines
7.
WHO 20200506. Key criteria for the ethical
acceptability of COVID-19 human challenge
studies. WHO 2020, published 6 May. Full-
text:
https://www.who.int/ethics/publications/k
ey-criteria-ethical-acceptability-of-covid-19-
human-challenge/en/
8.
WHO 20201231. WHO issues its first
emergency use validation for a COVID-19
vaccine and emphasizes need for equitable
global access. WHO 2020, published 31
December.
Full-text:
https://www.who.int/news/item/31-12-
2020-who-issues-its-first-emergency-use-
validation-for-a-covid-19-vaccine-and-
emphasizes-need-for-equitable-global-access
