Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
64
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
64-69
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Today, as the field of science is progressing day by day, our language is being enriched with new terms and
words. They are related to different fields of science and it is a requirement of the time for every
professional to know the terms related to their fields. In some cases, there are differences between the
concepts of words and terms. While many believe that these two concepts have the same meaning, others
believe that they are completely different concepts. Therefore, researching the concepts of terms and
words helps to understand the differences and similarities between them.
K
EYWORDS
Term, terminology, word, terminography, standardization, traductology, conceptual content,
terminographer.
I
NTRODUCTION
Language is considered as the system of utilizing
words to convey with other human beings. In the
meantime specialized language also has the
identical function yet on a divergent extent. The
chance to understand particular topics and
communicate about them would be given by
acquiring knowledge on the vocabulary of a
domain. For example, for conversing on politics
we have to know the proper terms of the context
to be able to use them in our conversations. You
firstly need to know the vocabulary of the domain
if you are keen on reading articles about film or
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
CONCEPTS OF DEFINING TERM AND TERMINOLOGY
INCLUDING ITS DIFFERENCE WITH THE WORD
Submission Date:
March 16,
2024,
Accepted Date:
March 21, 2024,
Published Date:
March 26, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-03-14
Primqulova Oybahor Abdisalom Qizi
Andizhan State Institute Of Foreign Languages, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
65
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
64-69
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
art. The utilization of terminology initiates from
very elementary occasions in our usual life and
expands to the higher communicative grades.
Nonetheless, if terminology for non-professionals
is a choice, for specialists it is a need!
According to Cabre: “Terminology is a nec
essity
for
all
professionals
involved
in
the
representation, expression, communication and
teaching of specialized knowledge. Scientists,
technicians or professionals in any field require
terms to represent and express their knowledge
to inform, transfer or buy and sell their products.
There is no specialty that does not have specific
units to denominate their concepts”
Terminology has a crucial place in the
comprehending of specialized texts and contexts.
Apprehending the complicated terminological
details of the scientific and technical texts assists
students to understand what the basic message of
the context is, and specialists transmit the content
more efficiently with the help of it.
It is obvious that human language is a
complicated physiological activity impacting and
influenced by an extensive variety of systems.
Thus, it becomes difficult to fix a word for a
specific meaning and attach a cultural meaning to
words. Here it confuses a translator and
interpreter mentally. The role of teaching
terminology in a translation class is obvious that
supplies a bright conception of term, word,
terminology, terminologists, terminography and
terminographests with a diversity of examples.
Understanding their meaning and differentiating
them from each other helps to have true
comprehension of it. In the following order we
will see the meaning of each terms give above.
First of all it would be proper to understand the
word “term” itself.
The word term dates back to Medieval Latin
‘terminus
-
term’ in the meaning of “limit in time,
set or appointed time”, and ‘end, boundary’.
Naming principles in the sphere of natural
sciences like chemistry, zoology, botany,
medicine and mathematics was initiated in the
late nineteenth century by Sonneveld and
Loening.
Then industrialization caused the creation of
terminology and standardization of technical and
scientific
terminology.
Methodists
called
terminology as the activity concerned with the
systemization and representation of concepts or
with presentation of terminologies on the
condition of established principles Helmi and
Kurt reciting the definition of ISO-
1087 said: ‘A
terminology is a set of terms representing the
system of concepts of a particular subject field’.
Lynne Bowker mentioned the emergence of
terminology resources as term bases prepared by
translators,
term
banks
produced
by
terminologists, electronic dictionaries, and online
dictionaries of special terms in a specific
discipline. Bassey Eden Antia mentioned that
terminology is part of elaboration in Haugen
’s
model, an aspect of intellectualization in Garvin’s
language development, a part of modernization in
Ferguson’s scheme, and a component in
Neustupny’s cultivation approach, claiming that
the challenges in the way of implementation or
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
66
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
64-69
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
use of a selected code is the main reason of work
on terminology.
The words term interlinks with terminology and
terminography conceptually. A term may be the
constitution of words. According to some sources
term is a word including linguistic characters, and
systems. Term closely connected to a specialized
conceptual content as sign. Current time
‘systematic terminology’ is associated with the
idea of science owing to being a well formed
language. The dictionary of Linguistics and
Phonetics defines it: “A unit of expression
which
has universal intuitive recognition by native-
speakers, in both spoken and written language”.
According to Ananiadou a single word or a
multiword unit may be term. A term and a word
differentiate from each other based on nature of
reference mainly. Term includes linguistic
(lexical, syntactical and semantic) and concepts
(generic, portative and casual) constraints.
Academics determined and made clear the
differentiation between ‘word’ and ‘term’. A
summary of their works is given here: Jennifer
Pearson has cited the conventional and pragmatic
explanations of terms. She quoted that “term is
basically a linguistic sign in the Saussurian sense;
it has a significant and a signifie.”
Pearson quoted Sager’s different definition
between ‘term’ and ‘word’: “… the items which are
characterized by special reference within a
discipline are the ‘terms’ of the discipline, and
collectively they form its ‘terminology’; those
which function in general reference over a variety
of sublanguages are simply called ‘words’ and
their totality is the ‘vocabulary’.Yang says that
‘sub
-
technical terms’are the words which have
exceptional reference with a use in more than one
field. As Pearson noted a term may involve one or
more words and according to this they can be
divided into two: simple term or complex term.
Besides that some words includes symbols, and a
word can be considered as the smallest linguistic
unit expressing specific meaning which can be
capable of existing as a separate unit in a
sentence.
Jennifer Pearson mentioned two kinds of
terminologists; “Traditional Terminologists” who
study terms in isolation without its context, and
“Modern Terminologists” who keep in view its
usage determining its meaning according to
textual variations. She further added that both
‘traditional and modern’ terminologists shared
same view that is rooted in theoretical
terminology of Eugen Wuster in early 19th
century.
Carolina Popp mentions that terminography is
the practical side of terminology. It compiles,
classifies and properly organizes nomenclatures
which are terms sets of a particular field. It is a
practical discipline of applied science based on
theoretical foundation . Its objectives and aims
being a practical activity, as Carolina suggested,
are to solve problems of communication . Carolina
backed terminography to Plato and Aristotelian
age having special place in the archaeology of
knowledge. Due to advancement in automation
terminographer paid attention to the business of
terminographic description using the basic
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
67
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
64-69
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
knowledge of linguistics, pragmatics and
cognition.
Lynne Bowker determined that Terminology is a
special area which concerns about collecting,
processing, describing and presenting terms
being lexical items which belong to a specialized
subject discipline. These items can be in the field
of engineering, medicine, law, art history or
library science. Marcel Thelen and Frieda Steurs
enlarged on the meaning of terminology, its effect
and significance. Sthey say that “terminology
affects more than just translati
on”, because its
effects are multi-dimensional and multi-cultural
due to which modern countries update their
language and translation policies to meet the new
demands of globalized society as translating a
bio-energy, or diabetes or interpretation at an
International Court of Justice, in which correct
communication is not possible without a clear
concept of terminology Popp reckoned
terminology closed to epistemology which is
considered as the theory of knowledge. Owing to
the global significance of translation and
interpretation in the contemporary world a
crucial need to teach terminology as a subject that
supplies all hypothetical and empirical features
for students to fill the gap.
Chinese scholars have converted and assembled
some basic books on terminology. As well as this
Zheng said that there is a need for constructing a
course on the sphere of terminology in the
institutions. Owing to the vast need and
significance of terminology China National
Committee for Natural Scientific Terms was
establioshed in 1985 that further renamed as
China National Committee for terms in sciences
and technologies (CNCTST) in 1996.
This organization published the agreed upon
linguistic expressions i.e. terminology in
exceptional areas. In order to coordinate and to
exchange scientific and technological terms,
Chinese scholars and institutions supported
relationships
with
the
International
Standardization Organization (ISO).
As it is known that translation can be the world’s
one of the most ancient profession. It came
through different peiods of teaching initiating
from utilizing it as the only tool of teaching in
religious fields and then all other educational
institutions. To teach terminology in a class room
with a affluent syllabus and methods has far
attaining influences not only in the translation
areas but in all other connecting fields of studies.
To arrange proper syllabus and to approach
quality method for the teaching of terminology
can have an essential role in restraining the
complications indicated by the scholars of this
area as mentioned above.
With the help of induction of terminology in a
class room as a whole syllabus created for multi
objectives will enhance the translators and
interpreters to deal with the terminological
issues in their practical experience without any
doubt. It will allow them to play dual role as a
translator as well as terminologist. To teach
terminology will create capacity of coining new
terms among the learners in such a crucial
situation where dictionaries don’t succeed in
supplying any appropriate version.
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
68
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
64-69
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Terminology assists learners to understand the
cooperation between the units of texts which are
specialized and the entire context which is often
latent mechanism of acquired knowledge. It also
expands interests in the shaping of new words
and terms.
By studying terminology, scholars realize the
tasks of different term formation mechanisms,
how each mechanism have an effect on the
meaning and methods to effectively manage the
usage of terminology in written and oral
productions. Terminology have to be studied by
translators to acquire knowledge on how they can
employ terminological resources (i.e. term banks,
glossaries, encyclopedic dictionaries, etc.) to
make more reliable and reasonable translations.
Linguists depend on the study of terminology in
order to learn how terminological activities
influence and develop their grasp.
Studying terminology is considered as the
foundation of all subject areas. Aside from making
solutions to the terminological problems and
difficulties a number of specialists or non-
specialists consider it as the way for the progress
of the languages and terminology that enhances
the standard of communications, either
internationally or nationally. Without learning
terminology, technicians and specialists would
probably never understand how crucial
preserving and protecting a language is for
communicative intentions and identity which is
cultural.
Not only scientific and technical specialists
unavoidably require terminology, but also all
communicative arbitrators who are devoted to
promotion and science popularization ,
specialized
translators
and
interpreters,
supervisors, technical writers, teachers of
language for particular intentions and also
language planning specialists need to get to know
with terminology.
In addition to this, studying terminology
improves the usage of national or local languages
by escalating the awareness about the anticipated
communicative and cognitive difficulties the
usage of foreign languages would generate.
Indeed, the using terminology is not restricted to
specialists and knowing terminology is not only
required by terminologists, translators, and
linguists. Nevertheless, the type of knowledge we
need relies on our professional activities and the
motivations for learning. In this process, the role
of institutions and academic centers is important.
Their competence in providing diverse materials
which aims at specific groups of learners with
backgrounds is one of the most important
characteristics that we should take into account.
Terminology assists individuals comprehend the
cooperation between the units of texts which are
specialized and the entire context that is often a
latent mechanism of acquiring knowledge. It also
expands interests in the formation of new words
and terms.
Terminology has a vital role in many spheres of
everyday life; studying it is basic for many
vindications, both for specialists and non-experts.
Volume 04 Issue 03-2024
69
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
03
Pages:
64-69
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Terminology plays an important role in helping to
realize particular topics and spreading this
knowledge to non-specialists, given the fact that
without acquiring knowledge on specific terms,
there could not be a whole comprehending of
specialized texts without a doubt.
So, terminology is crucial not only for specialists,
but also for translators who utilize terminology to
make their translations more clear and coherent,
and as well for documentalists who depend on
terminology to advance their work with
classifying, indexing and cataloguing. The
enhancement terminology provides the rank of
national and international communicating make
this a priceless source for different fields, such as
business and journalism.
As it enlarges communication and, hence,
enhances the effectiveness of companies and
assists to avoid cultural and/or linguistic
miscomprehensions, for business and marketing,
a consistent and modern terminology is vital. This
is why companies should be encouraged to invest
in terminology.
In journalism, reporters do not often depend on
translation, which is thought as an automatic and
invisible practice. Nevertheless, terminology and
translation should play an essential role in the
press
in
assisting
journalists
lessen
misunderstandings,
enhancing
the
communication and increasing their visibility and
credibility.
As mentioned before, terminology also has an
influence on traductology which gives meaning to
particular terms and forming new ones. As for
this last aspect, the study of terminology is handy
now that it assists keeping and protecting a
language while improving its cultural identity.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Cabré, M. Teresa 2002,
“Análisis textual y
terminología, factores de activación de la
competencia cognitiva en la traducción.”
In La traducción científico-técnica y la
terminología en la sociedad de la
información, Amparo Alcina Caudet &
Silvia Gamero Pérez (eds), 87
–
105.
Castellón: Publicacions de la Universitat
Jaume I.
2.
Guha, M. (2016), "Collins English
Dictionary (Reference edition)", Reference
Reviews, Vol. 30 No. 4, pp. 20-28,
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Limited Copyright © 2016, Emerald Group
Publishing Limited
3.
Terminology:
Applications
in
Interdisciplinary Communication Editors,
Helmi B. Sonneveld, Kurt Leopold Loening
; Publisher, J. Benjamins Publishing
Company, 1993 ; ISBN; Length, 244 pages.
4.
Gelinas-Surprenant G. and Hussman G.
(2015).
Canadian
Terminology.
Standardizing Terminology for Better
Communication: Practice. Handbook of
Terminology,
1,
304-323.
DOI:
10.1075/hot.1.ter5
5.
The dictionary of Linguistics and
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Pearson, J. (1998). Term in Context. John
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