Volume 04 Issue 04-2024
56
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
04
Pages:
56-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Childhood is the period of completion of an important period of development for the child. During this
period, the child develops physical, cognitive, speech, social-emotional, and self-care skills. During this
period, the concept of value develops as a result of the child’s interaction with the social environment
.
K
EYWORDS
And these concepts are socially reflected throughout life. Value appears to us as a human concept. Respect,
love, help, and exchange-these are the basis of human values.
I
NTRODUCTION
Value is a sociological, psychological, economic,
and philosophical concept. It is related to many
different areas. Its connection with these areas
reveals the "good" and "bad" qualities of
regulating the behavior of the individual in
society.
It makes it easier for the individual to make
choices by allowing them to determine their
behavior in events and situations.
General characteristics of values make the
concept universal. Universal acceptance of values
is important in different cultures, beliefs, and
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Research Article
THEORETICAL BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN
CAPACITIES OF STUDENTS IN PRE-SCHOOL AND SCHOOL
EDUCATION
Submission Date:
April 09,
2024,
Accepted Date:
April 14, 2024,
Published Date:
April 19, 024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-04-10
Ortiqov Aziz Khursonali
Methodist of visual arts and drawing science, "Department of Methodological Services" of the National
Center for Training Teachers in New Methodologies in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 04-2024
57
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
04
Pages:
56-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
societies. It also raises the question of how to
teach people values.
Values are formed as a result of socio-emotional
experiences. In other words, values are formed as
a result of experiences, social relations, and
environments that are important in the society in
which a person lives. Teaching the concept of
values to a person is accepted on the basis of
experiences in the family, school, and society. The
concept of value, which is mainly found in the
family, comes to the fore in the teacher, peer
relations, and educational programs with the
beginning of school.
Especially today, the rapid development of
technology, the abundance of positive and
negative stimuli, the increase in problems in the
social environment, and the increase in violence
have revealed the need for countries to include
the concept of value in their educational
programs. Although there are many definitions of
values education, it can most broadly be defined
as the study of values education. Values education
is aimed at strengthening the values that are
present and accepted by a person in his family,
being aware of the values accepted by the school
education system, and developing the ability to
make decisions in accordance with his life.
Finding a solution through the existing values is
instilled in the minds of students in education.
Values education is the creation of a conscious
and planned learning environment for the
individual to have self-awareness and decision-
making ability in their thinking system. At the end
of infancy, the child begins to understand the
world in which he lives, people, and many other
things. With the onset of childhood, children
begin to learn the rules, norms, and values of the
world they live in, as well as the physical world.
The development of character is mainly
completed in the pre-school period, which
increases the importance of values education
given during this period. The preschool period is
the first period where the foundation of the
concept of values is formed, and the values taught
in the preschool period increase the child's self-
confidence, develop the ability to make individual
decisions, solve the problems they face, and make
them happy individuals. Also, the characteristics
that should be included in the value education
program that children should acquire can be
listed as follows: values should provide a
universal perspective;values can be considered in
different categories. Therefore, it is necessary to
try to teach values through different teaching
methods (story, drama, discussion, etc.);
creativity and verbal expression play an
important role in explaining values; values should
be explained through interesting activities, songs,
dances, and movements; while explaining
universal values such as peace, love, and respect,
it is necessary to carry out activities aimed at
activating the child's thinking ability. Many
countries implement a variety of values education
programs by providing pre-school and school-age
children with "values education" and helping
them acquire the values they want to achieve.
They found that children who received preschool
and school education showed significant
differences in the areas of social cooperation,
Volume 04 Issue 04-2024
58
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
04
Pages:
56-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
social interaction, and social independence
compared to children who did not receive
preschool and school education. Italian scientist
and pedagogue Maria Montessori gave the
following ideas about the formation of abilities in
children:
These principles are expressed as follows:
providing a free environment where the child can
realize himself; allowing the child to express his
interests and needs;
-and allowing the child to work with different
materials. increase his interest; directing the child
to create new products from the materials he
plays with;
-and creating creativity. Supporting the child's
educational processes; understanding that the
child can learn on his own;
-the child's interest in various materials, as well
as materials that interest him; ensuring the active
participation of the child in the classroom
environment; giving the child a chance and
supporting him;
-allowing the child to be independent by realizing
his personality. In addition, the child begins to use
his previous knowledge.
Considering that Maria Montessori was
influenced by Rousseau in creating her
philosophy of education, it can be seen that the
basic philosophy of the Montessori approach has
similar beliefs. takes the idea that he can educate
himself as the main philosophy of his educational
approach. She accepts the idea that preschoolers
need to learn and internalize values and
"understand what to do internally, not by telling
the child what to do" (an external control
mechanism).
Therefore, the Montessori education approach is
one of the preferred approaches to teaching
values to children. The unique practices and basic
principles of the Montessori approach directly
affect the education of values. As a result of the
studied works, it can be said that the experiences
that children have also help them acquire social
and cultural values. However, in order to build a
democratic society, the educational environment
must enable children to integrate values such as
interaction, cooperation, and respect for those
who are different in their way of life. Activities
called social studies are effective in conveying
these values. These activities can be trips or visits
to common values. Thus, children gather together
and get to know each other. For example, when
visiting as a guest, if a child sees a family from a
different culture, he can learn to respect that
family and that cultural differences are important
for building a democratic society. Child-to-child
educational
approach
The
child-to-child
approach model, which identifies societal
problems and involves children in solving these
problems, has emerged as a model for working
with children's families, peers, and other people.
These approaches are important in the field of
education. Because if children have healthy
thinking, they learn better and can convey what
they have learned to others. As a result, they
acquire values such as empathy, cooperation,
solidarity, sharing, and self-management. Also, in
Volume 04 Issue 04-2024
59
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
04
Pages:
56-59
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
the cooperative education approach, the
multicultural education model, peer education
model, and cooperative education model play an
important role in the formation of values. In a
multicultural education model, children learn to
respect others, embrace cultural diversity,
demonstrate democratic attitudes, and maintain
strong ties to the community. In cooperative
learning models, they learn values such as sharing
ideas and respect in cooperation with their peers.
As mentioned above, in the models of this
approach, children play an active role in solving
social problems, and their life skills are formed.
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