Volume 04 Issue 05-2024
58
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
05
Pages:
58-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Creating favorable conditions for the development of children in accordance with their age and individual
characteristics, protecting and strengthening the physical and mental health of children, including their
emotional state, providing psychological and pedagogical support to the family, and improving the skills of
parents - before school It is one of the priority tasks defined by the state education standard. Studying the
conditions of psychological development of preschool children is one of the problems that are always in
the center of researchers. The article compares the psychological research conducted on this problem.
K
EYWORDS
Preschool age, psychological age, metric age, development, ontogeny, early childhood crisis.
I
NTRODUCTION
The psychological characteristics of preschool
children were thoroughly studied and considered
from different angles. First of all, the main criteria
of psychological health of a preschool child are
considered. The amount of knowledge acquired in
the education and training system is the main one,
and the psychological health of the person is in
the second place. Family relationships play an
important role in the development of a child's
personality, and teacher-parent relationships are
very important. With the correct arrangement of
roles at home and in the general educational
institution, the development of the child will be
correct.
Journal
Website:
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Copyright:
Original
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attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Submission Date:
May 14,
2024,
Accepted Date:
May 19, 2024,
Published Date:
May 24, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-05-12
Tulyaganova Dilnozaxon Ravshanbekovna
Tashkent University Of Applied Sciences, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 05-2024
59
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
05
Pages:
58-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A preschool educational organization is an
organization that serves to pass the stage when a
child gets the first experience of communicating
with other people and tries to find his place
among them, learns to live in harmony with
himself and others. Pedagogical literature mostly
describes issues of adaptation to preschool
education organizations during early childhood.
Adaptation, first of all, is defined as a real
pedagogical problem, the solution of which
requires creating conditions that satisfy
children's communication needs, providing good
medical care to children, properly organizing the
educational process, and being close to oneself, in
which the family and the people are Cooperation
based on the interaction and relations of the
country is of great importance. In modern studies
of Eastern and Western European scientists,
maximum attention is paid to the problem of
adapting children to the conditions of public
education [1].
Admission to a preschool educational institution
has been proven to be associated with significant
negative emotional and psychological changes in
a person that require correction of the target
effect. The period of adaptation is a very strong
test for a young child, because the stress reactions
that occur as a result of adaptation can
permanently disrupt the child's emotional state.
It is necessary to constantly emphasize new
approaches in opening topics such as the stages of
development of communication between adults
and children, the leading role of adults in the
development of a child. The practical application
of this knowledge in the context of adaptation, the
diagnostic technique of the adaptation profile, the
analysis of modern materials on the problem
revealed the need to urgently correct the
organization of the adaptation period, taking into
account the hierarchy of the child's needs [2].
R
ESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The results of modern research directly show the
connection between psychological health
disorders and academic success of children. A
significant increase in anxiety is one of the mental
health disorders that can later lead to a decrease
in voluntary attention. Internal tension, its
manifestation can lead to increased physical
activity and defensive aggression, disruption of
discipline. Fears cause constant tension, and as a
result, reduced performance, increased fatigue
are manifested in the form of so-called "stage
fright" in preschool children. Verbal aggression
triggers stereotypes of negative attention-seeking
behavior.
It can be said that the most important period of
human development related to the formation of
the morphofunctional state is the "pre-school
age" period, which ends with admission to a
school. With the beginning of schooling, the
child's div and mental abilities undergo
significant changes. When a small child enters a
preschool education organization, the problem of
adapting the child to the conditions of the
preschool education organization arises due to
the limited adaptive capabilities of the child. The
child develops a psychological disorder called
"adjustment syndrome", which is the result of his
Volume 04 Issue 05-2024
60
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
05
Pages:
58-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
psychological unpreparedness to leave the family.
Psychophysical development relationships are
characteristic of early childhood. Any changes in
his health affect the child's nervous system and
psyche. Children in early childhood have a very
unstable emotional state. Saying goodbye to
relatives and any change in the child's usual
lifestyle can cause fear and negative emotions. If a
child is in a state of stress for a long time, it can
lead to the development of neurosis and slow
down the pace of psychophysical development
[3].
The adaptation period and its further
development depend on the readiness of the child
in the family to visit the preschool educational
institution. To ease the adjustment period of the
child, the family needs professional help, in this
role comes the kindergarten. Kindergarten
should be "free" regarding all emerging issues of
development
and
education.
Successful
adaptation depends on many factors - the state of
human
health,
the
development
of
communication skills, the characteristics of his
nervous system, as well as the competent actions
of parents and kindergarten staff [4].
Every child who goes to a children's educational
institution goes through a period of adaptation.
Adapting children to the conditions of a preschool
educational institution is getting used to
qualitatively new conditions: communicating
with unfamiliar children and adults, having a
different agenda, fathering a number of parents,
etc. Every child needs time to accept this
situation. Adaptation takes place in different
ways - usually it takes 2-3 weeks or more before
it is given to the child. The process requires an
unusually large amount of emotional resources
from the child, patience and understanding from
teachers and parents. It is mandatory to adapt the
child to the conditions of the preschool
educational institution, because in this process
the child socializes and learns according to the
orders of nannies and educators, as well as having
important information, becoming a member of
the team in the future, and being viewed as a full
participant in the socialization process [5].
A
NALYSIS OF LITERATURE ON THE SUBJECT
During the period of adaptation of children to the
organization of preschool education, children
often show such unusual behavior that it scares
parents. However, these traits are common to
every beginner student and are caused by mental
stress that gradually dissipates. The basis of the
formation of a person's personality is the child's
first relationships and the experience gained from
them. Characteristic features of any preschool
child are lack of communication and heightened
emotions. In interpersonal communication, they
have many facial expressions and expressions,
which represent different emotional states of the
child. Among peers, preschool children show joy,
anger, sympathy, tenderness, and some situations
can lead to serious conflicts and even fights. The
most important feature of preschool children's
communication is that it acquires an unregulated
and
non-standard
appearance.
When
communicating with adults, children follow
almost all norms of behavior, but when
Volume 04 Issue 05-2024
61
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
05
Pages:
58-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
communicating with peers, they use completely
unexpected actions [6].
Children of this age are characterized by freedom,
disobedience, and individuality. It is these
characteristics of children's communication that
remain until the end of preschool age. Another
important distinguishing feature of preschool
children's communication is the dominance of
initiative-based actions over interpersonal
behavioral skills. For a child coming to a new
preschool education organization, his own
statements, feelings and actions are now more
important than the response of a peer. Often, this
inconsistency in children's communication leads
to conflicts and disagreements.
D. B. Elkonin identified and described four levels
of game development for children aged 3-7 years.
1. Social roles are determined only by actions,
moreover, these are repetitive operations
without background and further development.
They do not describe the relationship in any way.
2. Roles are defined by actions, but taking into
account the division of functions. Added object
manipulations. The logic of the game is
determined by the sequence of actions in real life,
the number of which is expanding.
3. Personal relationships come into play at this
level. A complete image is created, the child lives
in the role. Irrational actions of one of the
participants are accompanied by displeasure of
the other.
4. The rationality of the rules comes first. Roles
are strictly defined and comprehensively
describe relationships. The communication
process is recreated in a strictly logical sequence,
taking into account all the details. The functions
of game characters are interrelated [7].
A
NALYSIS AND RESULTS
There are special forms of communication with
peers in preschool age. One of them is the
emotional-practical form, in which the child
wants to express himself and expects his peers to
participate in his affairs. Each child involved in
such communication wants to attract attention
and at least get some kind of response from the
player. A distinctive feature of communication for
three-year-old children is an indifferent friendly
attitude towards all peers. In early childhood,
there is a need for respect and general recognition
of the child, and it is often observed that
interpersonal relationships are entered into
through competition in communication [8].
Towards the end of the adaptation process of
preschool age, children develop selective
attachment to certain peers and the first signs of
friendship appear. At this time, pupils do not
notice the actions of their peers, but at the same
time their presence increases the child's activity.
In this regard, the child begins to experience the
process of social adaptation by "criticizing his
peers" in the preschool educational organization,
directly observing and perceiving the adaptation
and behavior of his peers.
C
ONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Volume 04 Issue 05-2024
62
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
05
Pages:
58-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
(2024:
7.874
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Preschool childhood covers a large part of a
child's life. This age is a direct continuation of
early age in the field of general sensitivity, which
is carried out by the uncontrolled ontogenetic
potential of development. During this period,
living conditions are actively expanding: the
borders of the family are expanding to the
borders of the street, city and country. The child
has a great desire to enter adult life, as well as
actively participate in it, which is not yet available
to him. He strives for independence. This contrast
gives rise to role play - the independent activity of
children who model the life of adults. Preschool
age is a particularly important period in the
educational process, because it is the age of the
child's initial personal development. This period
is characterized by complex relationships with
peers, which greatly affects the formation of his
personality. As a rule, the child's world is
inextricably linked with other children. With age,
relationships with peers become more and more
important for him. Preschool childhood is
sensitive for the development of the child's basic
collectivistic qualities, as well as a human attitude
towards the people around him. If these qualities
are not formed in preschool age, the whole
personality of the child may become defective,
which will be very difficult to compensate later.
R
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