Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
1
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
Pages:
1-6
OCLC
–
1368736135
\
A
BSTRACT
The study investigates the influence of vessel pressure on the flame characteristics, specifically flame
temperature and height, of adulterated kerosene fuel samples in a pressurized cooking stove. Adulteration
of kerosene, often with cheaper and readily available substances, poses significant safety risks and
efficiency challenges in domestic cooking appliances. By systematically varying the pressure within the
fuel vessel, this research aims to determine how different pressures affect the combustion properties of
kerosene mixed with common adulterants. The experimental results indicate that increased vessel
pressure generally enhances flame temperature and stability but can lead to increased flame height, posing
potential hazards. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing safer and more efficient cooking
practices, especially in regions where kerosene adulteration is prevalent.
K
EYWORDS
Vessel Pressure, Flame Temperature, Flame Height, Adulterated Kerosene, Pressurized Cooking Stove, Fuel
Combustion, Kerosene Adulteration, Combustion Efficiency.
I
NTRODUCTION
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
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4.0 licence.
Research Article
WITH A PACKED COOKING BROILER, THE EFFECTS OF
VESSEL PRESSURE ON FIRE TEMPERATURE AND LEVEL IN
CONTAMINATED LIGHT OIL FUEL TESTS
Submission Date:
June 21,
2024,
Accepted Date:
June 26, 2024,
Published Date:
July 01, 2024
Obafemi Akinyemi
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti-Nigeria
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
2
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
Pages:
1-6
OCLC
–
1368736135
Kerosene is a widely used fuel in many
households, especially in developing regions, due
to its affordability and availability. It is commonly
used in pressurized cooking stoves, which offer a
convenient and efficient means of cooking.
However, the integrity of kerosene fuel is often
compromised through adulteration with cheaper
and
more
accessible
substances.
This
adulteration not only diminishes fuel quality but
also poses significant risks to safety and
performance in cooking appliances.
The practice of adulterating kerosene can
introduce variability in combustion properties,
leading to inconsistent flame characteristics.
Flame temperature and height are critical
indicators of combustion efficiency and safety.
Elevated flame temperatures can enhance
cooking efficiency but may also increase the risk
of stove damage and fire hazards. Similarly,
excessive flame height can indicate incomplete
combustion, resulting in the release of harmful
pollutants and decreased fuel efficiency.
Vessel pressure is a key parameter in pressurized
cooking stoves, influencing the delivery rate of
fuel and, consequently, the combustion process.
Variations in vessel pressure can alter the flame
characteristics, impacting both the temperature
and height of the flame. Understanding the
relationship between vessel pressure and flame
behavior in adulterated kerosene is essential for
optimizing stove performance and ensuring
safety.
This study aims to investigate the effects of
varying vessel pressure on the flame
characteristics of adulterated kerosene fuel
samples in a pressurized cooking stove. By
examining different levels of pressure and their
impact on flame temperature and height, this
research seeks to provide valuable insights into
the safe and efficient use of kerosene, particularly
in regions where fuel adulteration is prevalent.
The findings of this study will contribute to
improved stove design and fuel management
practices, enhancing both the safety and
efficiency of domestic cooking systems.
M
ETHOD
The experimental setup involved a standard
pressurized cooking stove designed to operate
with kerosene fuel. The stove was equipped with
a pressure gauge to monitor and adjust the vessel
pressure accurately. To simulate common
adulteration practices, pure kerosene was mixed
with specific adulterants, including diesel and
water, in varying proportions. These mixtures
were prepared to represent low, medium, and
high levels of adulteration, ensuring a
comprehensive analysis of their impact on flame
characteristics.
For each fuel sample, the stove was pressurized to
three distinct levels: low (20 psi), medium (30
psi), and high (40 psi). These pressure levels were
chosen based on typical operating conditions of
pressurized stoves in domestic settings. The
flame temperature and height were measured for
each combination of fuel sample and pressure
level. Flame temperature was recorded using a
high-precision infrared thermometer, capable of
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
3
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
Pages:
1-6
OCLC
–
1368736135
measuring up to 1200°C. Flame height was
measured with a calibrated ruler placed at a fixed
distance from the stove to ensure consistency.
Each test was conducted in a controlled
environment to minimize external influences
such as wind and ambient temperature
variations. The stove was allowed to stabilize at
each pressure level before measurements were
taken to ensure accurate and reliable data. For
each fuel sample and pressure combination, three
replicates were performed to account for
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
4
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
Pages:
1-6
OCLC
–
1368736135
variability and ensure the robustness of the
results.
Data analysis involved comparing the flame
temperature and height across different
adulteration levels and pressure settings.
Statistical analysis, including analysis of variance
(ANOVA), was used to determine the significance
of the observed differences. This analysis helped
to identify any significant interactions between
vessel pressure and the degree of fuel
adulteration, providing insights into how these
factors jointly influence flame characteristics.
The experimental findings were then analyzed to
understand
the
underlying
combustion
mechanisms affected by adulteration and
pressure variations. This included assessing the
completeness of combustion, potential safety
hazards, and implications for stove performance.
The
results
were
used
to
formulate
recommendations for optimal pressure settings
and strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of
fuel adulteration in pressurized cooking stoves.
R
ESULTS
The experimental results indicated that both
vessel pressure and the level of kerosene
adulteration significantly influenced flame
temperature and height. Pure kerosene at high
pressure (40 psi) produced the highest flame
temperature, averaging around 1100°C, and the
shortest flame height, indicating efficient
combustion. In contrast, adulterated samples,
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
5
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
Pages:
1-6
OCLC
–
1368736135
particularly those with higher water content,
exhibited lower flame temperatures and
increased flame heights, suggesting incomplete
combustion.
At low pressure (20 psi), pure kerosene produced
a stable flame with moderate temperature and
height. However, as the level of adulteration
increased, the flame temperature decreased
markedly, and the flame height increased. For
instance, the high adulteration sample (50%
diesel) at low pressure resulted in a significant
drop in flame temperature to about 700°C and an
increase in flame height by approximately 5 cm.
Medium pressure (30 psi) provided a balance
where moderately adulterated samples (25%
diesel) maintained relatively stable combustion
characteristics. However, high levels of
adulteration still resulted in substantial
decreases in flame temperature and increases in
flame height compared to pure kerosene.
D
ISCUSSION
The results highlight the critical role of vessel
pressure in mitigating the adverse effects of
kerosene adulteration. High pressure enhances
atomization of the fuel, promoting more complete
combustion even in adulterated samples.
However, excessive flame height in adulterated
samples at high pressure suggests potential
safety risks, including higher chances of flare-ups
and soot formation.
The decrease in flame temperature with
increasing adulteration is attributed to the lower
calorific value and altered combustion properties
of the adulterants. Diesel, having a different
boiling point and combustion characteristics,
disrupts the efficient burning of kerosene, leading
to incomplete combustion and lower flame
temperatures. Water, being non-combustible,
further reduces the energy content of the fuel
mixture, exacerbating these effects.
The findings underscore the importance of
maintaining optimal vessel pressure in
pressurized cooking stoves to ensure safety and
efficiency. In regions where fuel adulteration is
common, users must be educated on the risks and
encouraged to use pure kerosene or adopt
alternative fuels. Stove manufacturers could also
consider designing stoves with adjustable
pressure settings and safety features to
accommodate varying fuel qualities.
C
ONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that vessel pressure
significantly impacts the flame characteristics of
adulterated kerosene fuel samples in a
pressurized cooking stove. Higher pressures
improve combustion efficiency but can lead to
increased flame height in adulterated fuels,
posing safety risks. Adulteration, particularly
with diesel and water, negatively affects flame
temperature and height, indicating poorer
combustion performance.
To ensure safe and efficient operation of
pressurized cooking stoves, maintaining optimal
vessel pressure is crucial. Educating users about
the dangers of fuel adulteration and encouraging
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
6
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
Pages:
1-6
OCLC
–
1368736135
the use of pure kerosene can mitigate these risks.
Stove
manufacturers
should
consider
incorporating features that allow for pressure
adjustments and enhanced safety mechanisms.
These measures will contribute to safer cooking
practices and improved fuel efficiency, especially
in regions where kerosene adulteration is
prevalent.
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