Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
9
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
9-14
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven the exploration of supplementary
cementitious materials (SCMs) to enhance the properties of concrete while reducing its environmental
impact. This study investigates the synergistic effects of glass powder (GP) and rice husk ash (RHA) as
partial replacements for cement in concrete. Various mix proportions were tested to evaluate their
influence on mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength,
as well as durability parameters such as water absorption, chloride resistance, and sulfate attack.
Results reveal that the combination of GP and RHA significantly improves the mechanical properties of
concrete, particularly at later ages, due to the pozzolanic reactions and filler effects. The inclusion of these
materials also enhances durability by reducing permeability and improving resistance to chemical attacks.
Optimal performance was observed at a combined replacement level of 20
–
30%, beyond which a slight
reduction in strength was noted. This research highlights the potential of using GP and RHA to produce
eco-friendly concrete with improved performance, aligning with sustainability goals in the construction
industry.
K
EYWORDS
Glass Powder, Rice Husk Ash, Sustainable Concrete, Supplementary Cementitious Materials, Mechanical
Properties, Durability, Pozzolanic Reactions, Chloride Resistance.
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF GLASS POWDER AND RICE HUSK
ASH ON THE MECHANICAL AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES
OF CONCRETE
Submission Date:
November 24,
2024,
Accepted Date:
November 29, 2024,
Published Date:
December 04, 2024
Piyush Ojha
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sushila Devi Bansal College of Engineering Indore,
India
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
10
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
9-14
OCLC
–
1368736135
I
NTRODUCTION
Concrete is one of the most widely used
construction materials globally, owing to its
versatility, durability, and cost-effectiveness.
However, the production of its key component,
Portland cement, is a significant contributor to
greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for
approximately 8% of global CO₂ emissions. As the
demand for sustainable construction practices
increases, researchers and engineers are
exploring the use of supplementary cementitious
materials (SCMs) to partially replace cement in
concrete. These materials not only reduce the
carbon footprint of concrete but also enhance its
mechanical and durability properties through
pozzolanic reactions and microstructural
refinement.
Glass powder (GP) and rice husk ash (RHA) have
emerged as promising SCMs due to their
abundant availability and beneficial chemical
compositions. GP, derived from waste glass, is
rich in silica and exhibits excellent pozzolanic
properties when finely ground. Similarly, RHA, a
byproduct of rice milling, contains high levels of
amorphous silica, making it a highly reactive
material
for
cementitious
applications.
Individually, both materials have been shown to
improve the strength and durability of concrete
by filling voids, refining pore structures, and
enhancing resistance to chemical attacks.
Despite the documented benefits of GP and RHA
as individual SCMs, limited research has explored
their combined effects on concrete properties. It
is hypothesized that their complementary
characteristics may create a synergistic effect,
further improving the mechanical strength and
durability of concrete. The combination of GP and
RHA could also address issues such as
workability, setting time, and early-age strength
development, which are often challenges with the
use of single SCMs.
This study investigates the synergistic effects of
GP and RHA as partial replacements for cement in
concrete. The objectives include evaluating the
mechanical properties (compressive, tensile, and
flexural strength) and durability characteristics
(water absorption, chloride penetration, and
sulfate resistance) of concrete with varying
proportions of GP and RHA. By optimizing their
combined use, this research aims to contribute to
the
development
of
sustainable,
high-
performance concrete that meets the demands of
modern construction while minimizing its
environmental impact.
M
ETHOD
The methodology for studying the synergistic
effects of glass powder (GP) and rice husk ash
(RHA) on concrete properties involves a
systematic approach encompassing material
characterization, mix design, testing procedures,
and data analysis. Each step ensures a thorough
understanding of how these supplementary
cementitious
materials
(SCMs)
influence
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
11
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
9-14
OCLC
–
1368736135
concrete’s
mechanical
and
durability
performance.
Material Selection and Preparation
Glass powder was sourced from recycled waste
glass, which was cleaned, dried, and finely ground
to achieve a particle size comparable to cement.
Rice husk ash was obtained from rice milling
byproducts and processed to enhance its
amorphous silica content through controlled
burning and subsequent grinding. Both GP and
RHA
were
characterized
for
chemical
composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and
for physical properties, such as particle size
distribution and specific surface area. Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC), fine and coarse
aggregates, and potable water were used as
primary constituents in the concrete mixes.
Mix Design and Sample Preparation
Concrete mixes were designed with GP and RHA
as partial replacements for cement, with
replacement levels ranging from 10% to 30% in
various combinations. A control mix without
SCMs was prepared for comparison. The water-
cement ratio was kept constant across all mixes to
isolate the effects of GP and RHA.
Superplasticizers were added as needed to
maintain workability. Standard molds were used
to cast specimens for testing compressive
strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength,
and durability characteristics. Specimens were
demolded after 24 hours and cured in water for
specified durations (7, 28, and 56 days).
Mechanical Property Testing
Compressive strength tests were conducted on
cube specimens following ASTM C39 standards,
while split tensile and flexural strength tests
adhered to ASTM C496 and ASTM C78 guidelines,
respectively. These tests evaluated the effect of
GP and RHA combinations on the mechanical
behavior of concrete at various curing ages.
Durability Testing
Durability properties were assessed through
water absorption, chloride penetration, and
sulfate resistance tests. Water absorption was
measured to evaluate the porosity of the concrete,
while chloride ion penetration was tested using
rapid chloride permeability tests (RCPT) as per
ASTM C1202 standards. Sulfate resistance was
assessed by immersing specimens in a 5% sodium
sulfate solution and monitoring weight changes
and strength loss over time.
Data Analysis and Optimization
The results from mechanical and durability tests
were statistically analyzed to identify trends and
optimal replacement levels. Comparative analysis
with the control mix and between different
replacement levels of GP and RHA was conducted
to determine the synergistic effects of the two
materials. Regression models and performance
indices were used to assess the contributions of
GP and RHA to overall concrete performance.
This
methodical
approach
ensures
a
comprehensive evaluation of the potential of GP
and RHA as sustainable alternatives in concrete,
providing insights into their combined effects on
both mechanical and durability properties.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
12
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
9-14
OCLC
–
1368736135
R
ESULTS
The
experimental
results
demonstrated
significant improvements in the mechanical and
durability properties of concrete when glass
powder (GP) and rice husk ash (RHA) were used
as partial cement replacements.
Mechanical Properties
Compressive Strength: Concrete mixes with 20
–
25% combined replacement of GP and RHA
achieved a 10
–
15% increase in compressive
strength at 28 and 56 days compared to the
control mix. The pozzolanic activity of GP and
RHA contributed to enhanced strength over time.
Tensile and Flexural Strength: The split tensile
and
flexural
strengths
showed
similar
improvements, with peak values observed in
mixes with a 15% GP and 10% RHA combination.
This enhancement is attributed to improved bond
strength and microstructural refinement.
Durability Properties
Water Absorption: The inclusion of GP and RHA
reduced water absorption by up to 25%,
indicating a denser matrix with reduced porosity.
Chloride Ion Penetration: Rapid chloride
permeability tests revealed lower charge passed
for mixes with GP and RHA, with a reduction of
over 30% compared to the control, highlighting
improved resistance to chloride ingress.
Sulfate Resistance: Specimens exposed to sodium
sulfate solution exhibited minimal weight loss
and strength deterioration, particularly in mixes
with 20% GP and RHA replacement.
D
ISCUSSION
The synergistic effects of GP and RHA on concrete
properties are evident from the results,
confirming their potential as complementary
supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs).
The improvements in mechanical strength can be
attributed to the combined pozzolanic activity of
GP and RHA, which consumes calcium hydroxide
and forms additional calcium silicate hydrates (C-
S-H), enhancing the concrete matrix. The fine
particles of GP also act as fillers, reducing voids
and improving packing density.
In terms of durability, the reduced water
absorption and enhanced resistance to chloride
ion penetration suggest that the combination of
GP and RHA contributes to a denser, less
permeable concrete matrix. This is particularly
beneficial for structures exposed to aggressive
environments, as it enhances the service life and
reduces maintenance costs.
However, the results also indicate diminishing
returns when the replacement level exceeds 30%,
likely due to reduced cement content affecting
early-age strength development. Proper mix
design and optimization are thus critical to
balancing the benefits of using these materials
without compromising performance.
C
ONCLUSION
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
13
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
9-14
OCLC
–
1368736135
This study highlights the synergistic benefits of
using glass powder (GP) and rice husk ash (RHA)
as partial cement replacements in concrete. The
combined use of these materials significantly
enhances both the mechanical and durability
properties of concrete, making it a viable option
for sustainable construction.
Optimal performance was observed at a 20
–
25%
combined replacement level, with notable
improvements in compressive, tensile, and
flexural strengths, as well as reduced
permeability and improved resistance to chloride
and sulfate attacks. These findings support the
integration of GP and RHA into concrete mix
designs
to
produce
eco-friendly,
high-
performance concrete.
Future research could focus on long-term
durability studies, field applications, and the
impact of using alternative sources or processing
techniques for GP and RHA to further validate
their practical use in diverse construction
scenarios.
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Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
14
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
9-14
OCLC
–
1368736135
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