Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
221
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
221-228
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The system of spiritual and educational work in higher educational institutions serves the strategic goals
of our national statehood. The youth of Uzbekistan, who are aware of the culture of the country and
countries of the world, are being prepared to strengthen the cooperation of Eastern and Western
civilizations. The formation of such qualities helps to create national unity. That is, differences in religious
beliefs, languages, traditions unite people towards a common goal, such as a single country, its fate, solving
its current problems and building a great state in the future. This indicates that higher educational
institutions have a socio-political value as a social pedagogical necessity aimed at changing the thinking of
students.
K
EYWORDS
Higher educational institutions, spiritual and educational work, thinking of students, strategy for the
development of the system of spiritual and educational work of universities, technology of variability.
I
NTRODUCTION
The important task facing education today is to
strengthen the idea of humanism in the content of
education and upbringing, to popularize it, to
form the spiritual culture of young people on the
Journal
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Research Article
TECHNOLOGY OF VARIABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE
SYSTEM OF SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK OF
UNIVERSITIES
Submission Date:
December 12,
2024,
Accepted Date:
December 17, 2024,
Published Date:
December 22, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-12-34
Pulatov Djavdat Abdujabborovich
Associate Professor, Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Uzbek State University of World Languages
(Doctor of Philosophy), Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
221-228
OCLC
–
1368736135
basis of its coherence, consistency, scientificity
and secularity.
Because the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan
“On Education” also emphasizes that the priority
of universal and national cultural values in
education is one of the main principles of state
policy in the field of education. Thus, achieving
the priority of universal and national cultural
values in the educational process is an important
factor in forming the spiritual culture of students.
The past years of our country's independence
have been a period of fundamental changes in the
lives and worldviews of citizens. Our society is
taking on a completely new look and content.
People's lifestyles are changing. Now it's all about
preserving the achievements, enriching their
content day by day, and deepening them
spiritually. The need for every person to have a
deep understanding of socio-economic, political,
and cultural reality, and to have a clear
understanding of the advanced directions of
planning for the future is one of the urgent issues
of today. It has long been known that a state or a
society in which members of society are
spiritually strong, honorable, compassionate,
with a clear conscience, knowledgeable, and
compassionate will be rich, self-sufficient, and
prosperous. Therefore, any state that has
embarked on the path of building a new civil
society must pay serious attention to issues of
education and spirituality, in particular,
spirituality and spiritual education. The concept
of "spiritual and educational work" in Uzbekistan
has political, fundamental, and practical
significance. It has very large practical
opportunities for the scientific study of social and
spiritual life, the implementation of state policy,
and the determination of the mechanism of
reforms.
The priority areas of the organization of spiritual
and educational work and ideological processes
in Uzbekistan are: - ensuring the high level of
coordination of the established events;
- constantly improving the quality of the
propaganda of spirituality and the national idea;
- searching for new, effective ways of organizing
spiritual and educational and ideological work
based on the requirements of the time;
-
preventing
the
absolutization
and
standardization of old methods in this area;
- taking into account the social environment in
organizing spiritual and educational work and
ideological processes;
- eliminating the forms of formalism and sloppy
work in organizing spiritual and educational
work and ideological processes; - to organize
monitoring of ideological activity in order to find
out how effectively it is being carried out.
The correct implementation of education is
directly related to the correct organization of
spiritual and educational work. The organization
of spiritual and educational work is a practical
pedagogical process aimed at forming certain
physical, mental, moral and spiritual qualities in
each person, and is a set of measures aimed at
forming the moral-physical, artistic-aesthetic and
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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VOLUME
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OCLC
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1368736135
moral-spiritual characteristics necessary for a
person to live in society.
Spiritual and educational work is of decisive
importance in the life of any society and country.
A country that is not sufficiently engaged in the
upbringing of the younger generation and each
member of society as a whole will stagnate and,
ultimately, be doomed to crisis. If spiritual and
educational work is not carried out sufficiently,
the path to spiritual threats opens up.
The organization of spiritual and educational
work in educational institutions also has socio-
political, socio-pedagogical aspects. The socio-
political aspect of the issue arises from the need
to strengthen the independence of Uzbekistan,
develop the national consciousness of the people,
build a great state, build a civil society based on
the harmony of universal and national values, and
for this purpose improve spirituality and
education.
Therefore, today there is a need to further
improve spiritual and educational work. The
concept of spiritual and educational work is
broad. Since it sets the goal of educating a
complete person in its direction, the fulfillment of
this task requires the implementation of complex
and deeply meaningful tasks.
There is a certain system and priority areas for
organizing spiritual and educational work,
instilling in the hearts and minds of young people,
taking into account the national idea and
ideology,
the
strategy
of
independent
development of Uzbekistan, and the goals and
objectives of the Uzbek people to build a great
state. In this, covering all spheres of social life
requires the rational use of effective methods and
means of education, upbringing, propaganda and
agitation.
In the process of education and upbringing, one of
the most effective means of organizing spiritual
and educational work and ideological education is
communication, because recognizing the role of
radio and television, newspapers, magazines,
fiction and scientific literature in the upbringing
of such virtues as spiritual outlook, belief, faith,
conscience, responsibility, etc., which are formed
in the human heart and mind, it can be said that
the role of face-to-face exchange of views, words
and feelings spoken face to face, looking a person
in the eye, is incomparable.
First of all, teachers are required to have
experience, knowledge, the ability to persuade,
their speech, self-confidence, etc. Teachers, taking
as a basis the knowledge, understanding, ideas
they have, form a strong belief in the minds of
young people. In this case, he uses all the effective
and influential means of communication, such as
monologue, dialogue, debate, etc., and it is
precisely this activity that requires every teacher
and influencer to be aware of the basics of
rhetoric and master the art of speech. The speaker
must use verbal and non-verbal means in their
place and in their proper place. It should not be
forgotten that methods of emotional influence,
such as appropriately used looks, gestures, facial
expressions, etc., are also psychological
mechanisms that enhance the effect.
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Spiritual, educational and ideological propaganda
has never been as relevant as it is now. Since
spiritual reforms are a priority direction of state
policy, ideological threats and information
attacks are increasing, and the processes of
struggle to capture the minds and hearts of
people are intensifying, the most important task
for the propagandist is to carry out intensive
work in the spiritual, educational and ideological
sphere in all spheres of life, in all spheres of
production, among all strata of the population.
Therefore, it is a very important question what
program and direction, what instructions and
instructions, on the basis of what plan, at what
level, and by whom spiritual, educational and
ideological propaganda6 work is carried out.
Museums, theaters and libraries, and today
information resource centers, have a special place
in forming high spiritual virtues in the hearts of
young
people,
in
awakening
national
consciousness and pride in them, in educating
and raising citizens who actively fight for the fate
of the Motherland, nation and independence.
Such institutions have such wonderful properties
as enriching the spiritual world of the citizens of
our independent Republic, allowing them to enjoy
all the beautiful things, quickly finding their way
into people's hearts, strongly influencing their
aesthetic feelings, and calling for a deep
observation of life events.
Therefore, it is important for teachers to use the
mediating nature of these institutions as much as
possible in their activities, such as artistic
influence in educating young people in a high
spiritual and moral spirit. Creating a methodology
for organizing spiritual and educational work is
one of the most important tasks.
It is important that a certain set of events held on
spiritual and educational work be prepared on
the basis of the ideas of tolerance and humanism
and be held in the spirit of instilling in students
and youth respect for national and universal
values, as well as for representatives of other
nations and religions.
Analysis and understanding of theoretical
concepts of personality development, the
mechanism of interethnic interaction in a
multiethnic environment allow us to consider a
multicultural educational environment as an
important socio-pedagogical factor in the positive
interaction of different cultures, the development
of a culture of interethnic interaction and as a
condition for the preparation of a highly moral,
creative personality capable of integrating the
cultural values of another culture into their own
system of thinking and values. Based on the
theoretical analysis of scientific literature and
psychological and pedagogical research, criteria
and indicators of the level of spiritual and moral
culture of a student in a multicultural
environment were identified on the cognitive-
cognitive,
emotional-value
and
activity-
behavioral aspects, where the main indicators of
the formation of the student's spiritual and moral
culture are the totality of knowledge, reflections
on oneself, one's place, goals, life tasks, the ability
of an individual to reflect, high motivation to
achieve success, social contact skills, intercultural
communication, attitude to the world, to people,
to oneself, recognition and acceptance of another
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as one's own-other, the desire to realize spiritual
satisfaction, self-development, responsibility.
Based on these criteria and indicators of the level
of spiritual and moral culture of a student in a
multicultural environment, a program of
psychological and pedagogical diagnostics was
compiled, including the following research
methods:
1) study of value orientations;
2) self-assessment of willpower;
3) empathy test;
4) a questionnaire aimed at studying the
indicators of attitudes towards representatives of
other ethnic groups;
5) a test for assessing the spiritual and moral
development of an individual;
6) a questionnaire "Diagnostics of Self-
Development".
An analysis of the system of students' terminal
values revealed that the most significant values
for them are "self-confidence", "active productive
life", "love", "health", "materially secure life",
"having good loyal friends", "knowledge",
"interesting work", which mainly reflect specific
life goals. From the results obtained, we can
conclude that students are mainly focused on
creating comfortable and favorable conditions for
their personal life and life satisfaction (material
well-being, interesting work, having good loyal
friends, love), as well as on realizing themselves
and their potentials (self-confidence, knowledge,
creativity, an active life position with the goal of
realizing themselves). At the bottom of the
hierarchy of values were abstract goals-values,
such as "happiness of others", "development",
freedom", "beauty of nature and art", which show
the orientation of the individual to higher values,
to transform oneself, to develop the internal
spiritual and moral integrity of the individual.
Such a position of terminal values, on the one
hand, is essential for the implementation of
specific goals, and on the other hand, it hinders
the development and awareness of one's inner
world, manifested in value-semantic and
personally significant, creatively responsible
attitudes to reality and the development of a
breadth of knowledge and general culture.
Thus, the results of the ascertaining experiment
revealed a very low level of formation of spiritual
and moral consciousness according to three
criteria
(cognitive-cognitive,
emotional-
behavioral, activity-creative) and determined the
need to organize targeted work on the formation
of the spiritual and moral culture of students in
the process of studying at the university.
To solve the identified problems, a model for the
formation of the spiritual and moral culture of a
student
in
a
multicultural
educational
environment was developed. The purpose of
creating the model is to form the spiritual and
moral culture of the student based on the
integration of spiritual and moral values of
national and world culture, interaction, and the
implementation of the educational needs of
citizens
representing
various
ideological,
including religious, groups of the population.
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In accordance with the purpose, based on the
research problem, the following tasks were set:
1. Introducing students to the spiritual, moral and
cultural values of the world community.
2. Developing skills of intercultural interaction,
harmonization
and
humanization
of
interpersonal relations in the context of a modern
multicultural society.
3. Developing the need for self-improvement of
the individual, continuous self-knowledge and
self-realization.
Methods of work: debates, discussions,
brainstorming, creative projects, social and
psychological trainings, creating a mind map
(thinking mapping) in the form of a drawing,
diagram, modeling a situation of dialogue of
cultures, cinquain, discussion and solution of
situational problems.
Methods of work: debates, discussions,
brainstorming, creative projects, social and
psychological trainings, creating a mind map
(thinking mapping) in the form of a drawing,
diagram, modeling a situation of dialogue of
cultures, cinquain, discussion and solution of
situational problems.
Forms of work: problem lectures, seminars,
problem situations, scientific and practical
conferences, round tables, meetings with cultural
figures, with representatives of different cultures
and religions, role-playing games, competitions,
exhibitions.
The general structure of the model of the process
of formation of spiritual and moral culture of a
student in a multicultural environment consists of
substantive-conceptual
(goal,
objectives,
methodological justification of the program) and
procedural-activity (stages, means, methods and
forms of work) blocks.
Expected results: formation of spiritual and moral
culture of a student in a multicultural
environment, who has stable motives, needs,
interests reflecting the socio-moral and cultural
orientation; transition of students to a higher
level of responsibility, possessing such qualities
as respectfulness, empathy, ethnocultural and
cultural literacy, knowledge of history, tradition,
customs necessary for intercultural interaction
with its representatives; orientation and
purposefulness of the individual to transform
their own inner world of values from spiritual and
moral positions; the ability to actualize their
potential, the need-motivational sphere for self-
development and self-realization.
Mechanism for implementing the model:
The first stage is a ascertaining experiment aimed
at identifying a problem area associated with the
formation of spiritual and moral culture in a
student.
The second stage is conducting psychological and
pedagogical work, implementing the provisions
and program of the developed model in the
process of experimental work to create
organizational and pedagogical conditions:
implementation of cultural studies, humanistic,
axiological approaches in the process of teaching
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humanitarian academic disciplines, allowing for a
dialogue of cultures in the multicultural
educational environment of the institution, the
student's knowledge of the personal self, his
individual characteristics; development of the
need to actualize one's personal potential;
creation
of
a
reflective
environment,
development of readiness and ability for joint
creative activity with representatives of one's
own and other nations, development of
motivation for achieving success and self-
development, development of reflection and
creative potential in the process of studying at a
university. At this stage, students are introduced
to spiritual and moral values in various forms of
training (problem lectures, seminars, practical
classes, creative activities) using a variety of
methods and techniques for organizing their
training and education: problem-based learning,
drawing up a mind map, information labyrinth,
situational analysis, incident method, role-
playing method, game project, brainstorming,
self-testing, etc. The means of knowledge transfer
are a message about the categories being studied
at the level of scientific material; comparative
analysis of theoretical provisions, scientific
concepts, aphorisms, proverbs, etc. In this study,
scientific categories and concepts are considered
in the context of the value development of a
student, in which the main priority is the
student's awareness and comprehension of
scientific knowledge. One of the effective methods
when working with scientific concepts and terms
is the use of the "cinquain" exercise, which
requires thoughtful reflection, the ability to find
essential elements and briefly formulate
conclusions.
The organization of students' search activities
was carried out through solving questions and
problematic tasks about the basic values of a
person in different cultures, the peculiarities of
the mentality of representatives of different
peoples; discussion and analysis of situations
related to the dehumanization of social relations,
problems of interethnic relations in a
multicultural environment and the search for
ways to solve them, which contributed to the
increase in the ethnocultural competence of
students. To develop the attitude towards self-
knowledge, self-development and reflective
experience of students, reflective and role-
playing games with creative content, social and
psychological trainings aimed at rethinking
knowledge about oneself were conducted, and
the possibilities of organizing independent work
of students in the form of writing essays and
reports using the principle of scientific research
of the problems under study, participation in
scientific and practical conferences, etc. were
used.
Thus, a comparative analysis of the dynamics of
the formation of spiritual and moral culture made
it possible to establish a direct dependence of the
effectiveness of the process of forming spiritual
and moral culture in the process of full and high-
quality
implementation
of
pedagogical
conditions.
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