Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
179
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
179-181
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This аrticle prоvides infоrmаtiоn аbоut the pоliticаl life оf the Turkestаn regiоn, including the
shоrtcоmings оf
the mаnаgement system, the stаte оf the peоple, the аttitude оf the intelligentsiа, its desire
tо influence the spirituаl life
.
K
EYWORDS
Оwner, scribes, judges, jоint
-
stоck cоmpаnies, Turkestаn Gоvernоr
-
Generаlship, “fоreigner” (“fоreign
breed”), nаtive (“lаndоwning
pоpulаtiоn”)
.
I
NTRODUCTION
It is well known that the socio-political life of
Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century
was marked by unique developments and
contradictions. Especially during the fall of the
Russian Empire and after the February
Revolution of 1917, there was a significant
awakening of self-awareness, political activity,
solidarity, and cooperation among the Turkic-
Muslim peoples. This sense of unity was
particularly evident in the activities of the
Russian State Duma and gained momentum after
the February Revolution, leading to an increase in
political engagement. The February Revolution
brought an end to the Russian Empire and created
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Research Article
GOVERNMENT OF TURKESTAN AUTONOMY AND ITS
ACTIVITIES
Submission Date:
December 12,
2024,
Accepted Date:
December 17, 2024,
Published Date:
December 22, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-12-26
Vаlievа Nаfisа Аbdumаjitоvnа
A
ssociate professor at the Nаmаngаn Stаte Pedаgоgicаl Institute
, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
180
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
179-181
OCLC
–
1368736135
opportunities for political and economic freedom
for the peoples who had been forcibly or
voluntarily incorporated into the empire. For
Turkic-Muslim peoples, who had been unable to
fully protect their language, religion, and culture
under the Russian Empire's oppression,
effectively utilizing this newfound freedom
became a crucial and pressing task.
Literature Review
The February Revolution of 1917 played a critical
role in liberating Turkic-Muslim peoples from
colonial oppression and encouraging various
political forces within society to unite. Following
the revolution, temporary government reforms
abolished class, religious, and local restrictions,
announced general elections for local organs
based on equal, direct, and secret voting, and
proclaimed political amnesty. These changes
significantly impacted non-Russian nations,
including the Turkic-Muslim peoples, who had
long been part of the empire and had strived for
national liberation, cultural development, and
economic progress. These peoples, long
oppressed by the empire, began forming political
parties, professional organizations, and cultural
associations. The emerging political parties often
served the interests of specific social classes and
groups.
M
ETHODOLOGY
Like all peoples within the former Russian
Empire, Turkic-Muslim communities lived for
several months in a state of hope, anticipating
"freedom," "equality," and "brotherhood."
However, they were unaware that they would
soon have to abandon these aspirations and
confront the complex and contradictory
processes of the new government. Nonetheless, in
the early stages following the February
Revolution, the Muslim population, like others,
was overjoyed at the monarchy's collapse. This
joy was reflected in telegrams sent to the State
Duma, the Provisional Government, the Petrograd
Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies Council, and
newspaper editors. For example, a telegram from
Semipalatinsk on March 10, 1917, stated: “The
festival of freedom was celebrated with a grand
public march. Muslim clergy declare full
allegiance to the Provisional Government and
readiness to make sacrifices for the common
cause.” Such d
eclarations of support highlight
how the ideas of "abolishing national
restrictions," "ensuring class and religious
equality," and "justice and equality," proclaimed
by the February Revolution, attracted the Muslim
population.
R
ESULTS
For the Muslim population, it was essential not to
feel like "outsiders," "exiles," or "foreigners" in
their homeland. A telegram from 30 Muslim
organizations in Baku stated: “On the basis of the
civil, political, and national-religious freedoms
proclaimed by the Provisional Government,
Muslims are entitled to equal rights alongside all
citizens of Russia.” The telegrams reflect a strong
inclination among Muslims toward a democratic,
federative, and republican form of government,
with particular emphasis on ending the war,
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
181
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
Pages:
179-181
OCLC
–
1368736135
resolving agrarian and land issues, advancing
cultural development, and ensuring self-
determination. These messages also reveal that
Muslims viewed the revolution as one of the most
significant events of the 20th century.
C
ONCLUSION
The telegrams frequently highlight the national
question as a critical and sensitive issue awaiting
resolution. Turkic-Muslim peoples did not remain
indifferent to the fall of the monarchy. In various
regions such as Saratov, Chelyabinsk, Kokand,
Orenburg, Kazalinsk, and Ufa, Tatar communities
congratulated the Provisional Government and
expressed their hopes for the abolition of national
and religious restrictions. For example, Sadik
Utganiev from Turkestan sent a telegram to the
Chairman of the Russian State Duma expressing
gratitude and hope that the new government
would address the injustices inflicted on Muslims
under the former regime.
The February Revolution of 1917 sparked a sense
of liberation, national self-awareness, and the
hope for rights and change among all peoples of
the Russian Empire, particularly the Turkic-
Muslim peoples. Following the revolution, local
public safety committees began replacing the
abolished Tsarist administration throughout
Turkestan under the Provisional Government.
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