Volume 05 Issue 03-2025
39
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
03
Pages:
39-44
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The article presents some data obtained on the study of photosynthesis and respiration rates of fine-fibre
cotton varieties in conditions of soils with varying degrees of salinity. During the experiments, the
photosynthesis and respiration rates of fine-fibre cotton varieties Surkhon-18, Termiz-202, Termiz-208,
SP-1607 and Surkhon-16 were investigated in relation to the level of salinity in the soil. It was found that
there is a relationship between the level of salt tolerance of photosynthesis and respiration rates among
the studied varieties, and its change varies to varying degrees depending on the stages of growth and
development and biological characteristics of the varieties.
K
EYWORDS
Fine-fiber cotton, salinity levels, photosynthesis, respiration rates, stress, tolerance, adaptation.
I
NTRODUCTION
Salinity is a global problem for agricultural
production. Understanding the sensitivity and
transport of Na+ in plants under salt stress will be
useful for breeding salt-tolerant crop varieties.
First, the salt stress sensor and root meristem zone
are proposed as tissues containing salt stress-
Journal
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Research Article
SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND YIELD CHANGES
OF FINE-FIBER G. BARBADENSE L. COTTON VARIETIES
UNDER STRESS CONDITIONS
Submission Date:
January 30,
2025,
Accepted Date:
February 23, 2025,
Published Date:
March 16, 2025
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-05-03-06
Nazarova Feruza Ilhomovna
Teacher, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Kholliev Askar Ergashovich
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Volume 05 Issue 03-2025
40
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
03
Pages:
39-44
OCLC
–
1368736135
sensing components. Then, the importance of Na+
excretion and vacuolar Na+ sequestration in the
overall salt tolerance of plants is emphasized.
Finally, some issues related to plant salt stress
tolerance,
including
the
cytosolic
Na+
concentration and the role of Na+ as a nutrient, are
discussed [1].
Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the
world, and sodium salts dominate many of the
world's saline soils. The current rate of soil
salinization could lead to the loss of 30% of arable
land in the next 25 years [2].
To meet the world’s food demand
by 2050, global
agricultural production must increase by 60
percent from 2005-2007 levels. This urgent need
requires a major effort to improve agricultural
production. One possible way to address this
challenge is to breed salt-tolerant crops.
Understanding the mechanisms underlying plant
salt tolerance will be useful for breeding such crops
and alleviating future food shortages [3].
Excessive salt concentration in the soil disrupts
water absorption and ion balance in cotton plants,
leading to ion poisoning, growth retardation, leaf
scorch, and yield reduction. Salinity stress is a
major factor limiting agricultural productivity in
the biosphere. Salinity significantly threatens the
growth, productivity, and quality of cotton fibre [4-
5].
Salinity and drought are two of the most important
environmental problems that hinder the
productivity of agricultural crops worldwide [6-7].
Excessive soil salinity adversely affects cotton
growth and yield. Salt stress, which is induced by
significant differences between genotypes, has a
detrimental effect on germination and vegetative
growth. With increasing salinity, the weight of
shoots, roots, and leaf area also decreases [8].
The mechanism of photosynthesis plays a crucial
role in plant stress responses. Plants downregulate
photosynthesis-related proteins as they attempt to
slow growth to prevent death and close stomata to
prevent water loss. For example, chlorophyll a and
b binding proteins are downregulated in
photosystems I and II under low temperature and
water stress [9].
The object of research and methods. The objects of
research were the fine-fibre cotton varieties
Surkhon-18, Termiz-202, Termiz-208 and SP-1607
Surkhon-16. The physiological indicators of fine-
fibre cotton varieties under stress conditions in
saline soils of the Bukhara region were determined,
including the rate of photosynthesis and
respiration. The experiments were conducted in
the fields of the “Akrombobo nabirasi Gulshoda
farm” of the Kogon district of the Bukhara region
and the “Bukhara Bahor Aobod erlari” farm of the
Bukhara district during 2020-2023. The
experiments were carried out on fields of alluvial
soils with varying degrees of salinity.
The obtained results and their discussion. The
physiological effect of salinity on the rate of
photosynthesis depends on the water balance of
plant cells, stomatal closure, and biochemical
processes. In saline conditions, salts accumulate in
chloroplasts, which reduces the amount of
Volume 05 Issue 03-2025
41
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
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Pages:
39-44
OCLC
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1368736135
chlorophyll. Chlorophyll pigments are the main
element for photosynthesis, and their reduction
slows down the process of absorbing solar energy.
In our research, we studied the effect of different
salinity levels on the rate of photosynthesis during
the tillering, flowering and budding stages of fine-
fibre cotton varieties. In particular, the value of the
photosynthesis rate at the stage of flowering in the
Surkhan-18 variety is 0.86 in non-salinity
conditions, 0.78 in moderate salinity conditions,
and 0.73 in strong salinity conditions; 1.07 in
optimal conditions, 1.00 in medium salinity
conditions, 0.95 in strong salinity conditions in
Termiz-208 variety; 0.93 in unsalinated, 0.85 in
medium salinity, 0.80 in strong salinity conditions
of Termiz-202 variety; 1.12 in non-saline
conditions of SP-1607 variety, 1.07 in moderately
saline conditions, 0.94 in strong saline conditions;
In the Surkhan-16 variety, it was 0.81 g/m2 in
optimal conditions, 0.76 in medium salinity
conditions, and 0.72 g/m2 in strong salinity
conditions.
The relationships noted in the budding stage of
cotton varieties were also observed in the
flowering and budding phases. At these stages, it
was found that the rate of photosynthesis
decreases significantly with increasing salinity.
Salinity has a physiologically significant effect on
the rate of respiration. This effect is mainly due to
the energy requirements of cells, oxidative stress,
and metabolic processes. In saline conditions, the
rate of respiration increases because the cell
increases its metabolic activity to meet its energy
requirements. The rate of respiration increases as
a result of the oxidation of carbohydrates and other
organic substances in large quantities. The process
of respiration plays an important role in the
adaptation of cells to salinity. In a saline
environment, the cell produces additional organic
substances to control the osmotic pressure. This
process requires energy, therefore, an increase in
the rate of respiration is observed.
The respiration rate of cotton varieties was
measured under three different conditions: non-
saline, moderately saline, and highly saline.
Laboratory and field experiments were conducted
to study the effect of salinity on respiration rate.
The experiments revealed that the selected cotton
varieties differed in respiration rate. These
differences were observed at the boll, flowering,
and staking stages of cotton. According to the
results, the respiration rate of cotton varieties was
highest under highly saline conditions compared to
other conditions, i.e., non-saline and moderately
saline conditions. The value of respiration rate in
the control variants increased from the boll to the
flowering stage in all varieties.
In the Surkhan-18 variety, the combing rate was -
12.3 in the control variant and -14.2 in the highly
saline, i.e. experimental variant; during flowering,
it was -13.2 in non-saline conditions and -14.3 in
highly saline conditions; during storage, it was -
14.0 in non-saline conditions and -16.3 in highly
saline conditions.
The combing phase of the Termiz-208 variety was
observed to be equal to -10.0 in the control variant,
-11.2 in the medium saline variant, and -12.2 in the
highly saline variant; during flowering, -11.9 in the
control variant, -12.3 in the medium saline
Volume 05 Issue 03-2025
42
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
03
Pages:
39-44
OCLC
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1368736135
conditions, and -13.0 in the highly saline variant;
during storage, -13.0 in the control variant, -14.4 in
the medium saline variant, and -15.0 in the highly
saline variant. The combing phase of the Termiz-
202 variety was equal to -11.7 in the non-saline
variant, i.e. the control variant, and -12.8 in the
highly saline variant, i.e. the experimental variant;
during flowering, -13.4 in non-saline conditions,
and -13.8 in the highly saline variant; In the
absence of salinity, the concentration of CO2 in the
storage medium was found to be 14.3
mgCO2/dm2∙h, and in the presence of high salinit
y,
it was found to be 15.4 mgCO2/dm2∙h.
In the budding stage of the SP-1607 variety, the
respiration rate in the unsalted, i.e. control, variant
was -10.3, in the medium-salted, i.e. experimental,
variant -11.8, and the highly salted variant -12.5; in
the flowering stage, the respiration rate in the
unsalted variant was -12.4, in the medium-salted
variant -12.7, and in the highly salted variant -13.3;
in the storage stage, the respiration rate in the
unsalted variant was -13.2, in the medium-salted
variant -14.8, and in the highly salted variant -15.4
mgCO2/dm2∙h.
In the Surkhan-16 variety, the values of
CO2/dm2∙h were determined in the non
-saline, i.e.
control variant, and in the highly saline, i.e.
experimental variant, at budding, 12.6 mg/dm2∙h;
in the non-
saline, i.e. flowering, 13.6 mg/dm2∙h,
and in the highly saline, i.e. experimental variant,
15.6 mg/dm2∙h; in the non
-
saline, 14.7 mg/dm2∙h,
and in the highly saline, 17.7 mg/dm2∙h.
Even under such conditions, no significant changes
were observed in this indicator in the SP-1607 and
Termiz-202 varieties. This indicates a high level of
adaptation to adverse factors. The highest
respiration rate was recorded in the Surkhan-16
variety. These indicators reflect the level of
adaptation of plant varieties to salinity conditions
and their tolerance to stress.
Excessive soil salinity has a detrimental effect on
the growth and development of cotton, resulting in
a decrease in the yield and quality of the cotton
plant. The effect of soil salinity on selected cotton
varieties was also studied during our research. In
the non-saline variant, the yield of the cotton
variety Surkhan-18 in 2021 was 33.2 c/ha, the
Termiz-208 variety was 35.1 c/ha, the Termiz-202
variety 33.1 ts/ha, It was 38.3 t/ha in SP-1607
cotton variety, and 34.7 t/ha in Surkhan-16 variety.
In the experimental option, i.e., in medium salinity
conditions, the yield was 33.5 t/ha in the Surkhan-
18 cotton variety, 32.7 t/ha in the Termiz-208
variety,33.6 ts/ha in the Termiz-202 variety, It was
33.8 t/ha in SP-1607 cotton variety and 27.6 t/ha
in Surkhan-16 variety.
If we compare the varieties in 2022, the yield under
control, that is, non-saline conditions, was 36.6
c/ha for the Surkhan-18 cotton variety, 36.9 c/ha
for the Termiz-208 variety,35.6 ts/ha in the
Termiz-202 variety, It was 41.1 t/ha in SP-1607
cotton variety, and 36.4 t/ha in Surkhan-16 variety.
According to this indicator, in saline conditions,
30.7 tons of Surkhan-18 cotton, 35.2 tons of
Termiz-208 cotton per hectare,30.5 from Termiz-
202 variety,38.0 quintals of cotton variety SP-1607
and 28.4 quintals of Surkhan-16 variety were
obtained.
Volume 05 Issue 03-2025
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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Pages:
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OCLC
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1368736135
In the 3rd year of our experiments (2023), the
salinity factor also caused a decrease in yield in
each variety. Overall, the average yield per hectare
in non-saline conditions was 34.0 cwt for the
Surkhan-18 cotton variety, 38.7 cwt for the Termiz-
208 variety,38.1 from the Termiz-202 variety, The
SP-1607 cotton variety yielded 37.6 and the
Surkhan-16 variety yielded 30.9 centners, while
the yield per hectare in the average saline soil was
29.4 centners per hectare in the Surkhan-18
variety and 36.5 centners in the Termiz-208
variety.34.3 in Termiz-202 variety, It was 37.9
centners in the SP-1607 variety, and 32.1 centres in
the Surkhan-16 variety.
C
ONCLUSIONS
The highest photosynthesis rate is observed in the
SP-1607 variety, which is better adapted to salinity
conditions and has a high ability to maintain water
and salt balance. The lowest photosynthesis rate is
observed in the Surkhan-16 variety, which
indicates its intolerance to salinity. These results
are related to the physiological characteristics of
plant varieties and reflect the degree of adaptation
to saline environments.
According to the data explained above, soil salinity
harmed all stages of the development of cotton
varieties. The respiration rate was lowest at the
boll stage of the varieties compared to the
flowering and tillering stages.
During scientific studies, it was noted that cotton
productivity depends on soil salinity. As a result of
the degree of salinity, the difference in the yield of
the studied cotton varieties depends on the
biological characteristics of the varieties. High
resistance to soil salinity was observed in Termiz-
208 and SP-1607-18 varieties. According to this
indicator, the Surkhan-18 and Termiz-202
varieties took the intermediate place, and the
Surkhan-16 variety took the lower place.
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